sharc25: super high efficiency cu(in,ga)se thin-film solar ... 2 - 1 zsw, stuttgart, germany 2 empa,...
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Horizon 2020 projects:
Backing the European PV Industry
September 27, 2018, Brussels, Belgium
Wolfram Witte
Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung
Baden-Württemberg (ZSW), Germany
Sharc25: Super high efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2
thin-film solar cells approaching 25%
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1 ZSW, Stuttgart, Germany 2 Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland 3 University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg 4 Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France 5 University of Parma, Parma, Italy 6 Interuniversity Microelectronics Centrum (IMEC), Leuven, Belgium 7 Renewable Energy, HZB, Berlin, Germany 8 Energy Materials In-Situ Laboratory Berlin (EMIL), HZB, Berlin, Germany 9 INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal 10 Aalto University, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto, Finland 11 Flisom AG, Dübendorf, Switzerland 12 NICE Solar Energy GmbH, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany
W. Witte1, P. Jackson1, D. Hariskos1, F. Kessler1, M. Powalla1, S. Buecheler2,
R. Carron2, E. Avancini2, B. Bissig2, T. P. Weiss2, J. Löckinger2,
S. Siebentritt3, F. Werner3, M. H. Wolter3, P. Pareige4, S. Duguay4, E. Cadel4,
C. Castro4, A. Vilalta-Clemente4, R. Menozzi5, G. Sozzi5, S. Di Napoli5,
E. Bourgeois6, G. Degutis6, R. Gehlhaar6, M. Bär7,8, R. G. Wilks7,8, T. Kunze7,
E. Handick7, J. Bombsch7, S. Sadewasser9, N. Nicoara9, M. Puska10,
M. Malitckaya10, H.-P. Komsa10, V. Havu10, P. Reinhard11, B. Dimmler12,
R. Wächter12, and A. N. Tiwari2
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Sharc25 facts and objective Sharc25 facts and objective
• GA number 641004
• Call: H2020-LCE-2014-1
• Topic: LCE-02
• Type of action: RIA
• Total Costs: € 6.15 Mio
• EU Grant Amount: € 4.56 Mio
• Start Date: 2015-05-01
• End Date: 2018-10-31
• TRL: 3-4 to 4-5
Thin-film PV: Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS)
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(CIGS)
→ Identification of loss mechanisms
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Goal of Sharc25 project:
Push CIGS thin-film solar cell efficiency towards 25%
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2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 202012
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
>20% sub-module eff.towards 25% cell eff.
16.8% at ZSW
16.9% at Empa
21.7% at ZSW
20.4% at Empa
Project goal
Project goal
Record
effic
iency v
alu
es [%
]
Year
Low temperature
process
High temperature
process
Shockley-Queisser limit
+ 1% by advanced light management
+ 2% by introducing novel concepts for
surfaces and interfaces
+ 1% by highly efficient CIGS absorber material
Start of project
© Sharc25
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Sharc25 consortium
• Partners: 11
• Countries: 8
• Coordinator: ZSW
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• 5 R&D partners
• 4 universities
• 1 company
• 1 SME
NICE
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Bulk properties of CIGS with alkali metal post-deposition treatment (PDT)
Results of the Sharc25 project
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Alkali post-deposition treatment (PDT) of CIGS absorber
• PDT process under selenium atmosphere before buffer deposition
• Typically with alkali metal salts like KF (alternatively: RbF or CsF)
Na
- A. Chirila et al., Nat. Mater. 12 (2013) 1107
- A. Laemmle et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. (RRL) 9
(2013) 631
- P. Reinhard et al., Chem. Mater. 27 (2015) 5755
Review articles:
- P. M. P. Salomé et al., Sol. Energy Mater.
Sol. Cells 143 (2015) 9
- O. Kiowski et al., PV International 29 (2015) 76
KF PDT Na from substrate
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Alkali post-deposition treatment (PDT) of CIGS absorber
• PDT process under selenium atmosphere before buffer deposition
• Typically with alkali metal salts like KF (alternatively: RbF or CsF)
→ Boost in efficiency h due to increase in open-circuit voltage VOC
- A. Chirila et al., Nat. Mater. 12 (2013) 1107
- A. Laemmle et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. (RRL) 9
(2013) 631
- P. Reinhard et al., Chem. Mater. 27 (2015) 5755
Review articles:
- P. M. P. Salomé et al., Sol. Energy Mater.
Sol. Cells 143 (2015) 9
- O. Kiowski et al., PV International 29 (2015) 76
h VOC
50 cells 50 cells
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Improvement in CIGS cell efficiency: h = 22.6%
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P. Jackson et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. (RRL) 10 (2016) 583
• CIGS with RbF-PDT
• Thin solution-grown CdS
• (Zn,Mg)O/ZnO:Al
with ARC
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2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 202012
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
>20% sub-module eff.towards 25% cell eff.
16.8% at ZSW
16.9% at Empa
21.7% at ZSW
20.4% at Empa
Project goal
Project goal
Record
effic
iency v
alu
es [%
]
Year
Low temperature
process
High temperature
process
Shockley-Queisser limit
+ 1% by advanced light management
+ 2% by introducing novel concepts for
surfaces and interfaces
+ 1% by highly efficient CIGS absorber material
Start of project
© Sharc25
Goal of Sharc25 project:
Push CIGS thin-film solar cell efficiency towards 25%
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22.0% 22.6%
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Benefit for industrial Sharc25 partners: NICE and Flisom
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Full-size CIGS module fabricated at
NICE Solar Energy on glass substrate
• Deposition processes: evaporation, sputtering, and
solution growth are feasible in industrial environment
• Deep insights into highly efficient CIGS solar cells:
- advanced characterization methods
- density functional modeling and device simulation
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Benefit for industrial Sharc25 partners: NICE and Flisom
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Full-size CIGS module fabricated at
NICE Solar Energy on glass substrate
• Deposition processes: evaporation, sputtering, and
solution growth are feasible in industrial environment
• Deep insights into highly efficient CIGS solar cells:
- advanced characterization methods
- density functional modeling and device simulation
→ Knowledge-driven development and improvement
of CIGS absorber and important interfaces
• Cross-checks of lab-scale processes onto industrially
produced material, assessment of new processes and
materials → transferability to industrial applications
• Non-successful approaches can be omitted
Potential for cost reduction due to
increased module efficiencies
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Benefit for industrial Sharc25 partners: NICE and Flisom
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R2R
Full-size CIGS module fabricated
at Flisom on flexible substrate
Example: Post-deposition treatment (PDT)
• Beneficial effect of alkali PDT worldwide
- on cell and module level
- for different absorbers:
Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2
- for both process routes: co-evaporation
(Sharc25) and sequential process
• Transfer of alkali metal PDT
to industrial environment
→ TRL 8 - 9
Potential for cost reduction due to
increased module efficiencies
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Summary
• Post-deposition treatment (PDT) with KF, RbF or CsF enhances h
• Deep insights by complementary approaches
• Knowledge-driven development and improvement of CIGS solar cells
• CIGS thin-film solar cell: 22.6% efficiency with RbF-PDT
Benefit for industrial partners
• Detailed assessment of new process and material developments
for potential industrial application
• Implementation and positive impact of alkali metal PDT process at
industrial partners Flisom and NICE Solar Energy demonstrated
• Potential for cost reduction due to higher module efficiencies
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Papers published by Sharc25 consortium (www.sharc25.eu)
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2018
• M. H. Wolter et al., IEEE J. Photovolt. 8 (2018) 1320
• F. Werner et al., accepted in Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. (2018), DOI: 10.1002/pip.3032
• B. Bissig et al., accepted in Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. (2018), DOI: 10.1002/pip.3029
• R. Carron et al., Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 19 (2018) 396
• A. Vilalta-Clemente et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 112 (2018) 103105
• J. Löckinger et al., Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 174 (2018) 397
• T. P. Weiss et al., Adv. Mater. Interfaces 5 (2017) 1701007
2017
• N. Nicoara et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 (2017) 44173
• W. Witte et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. A 214 (2017) 1700688
• T. P. Weiss et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19 (2017) 30410
• M. Malitckaya et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 121 (2017) 15516
• M. Malitckaya et al., Adv. Electron. Mater. 3 (2017) 1600353
• G. Sozzi et al., Solar Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 165 (2017) 94
• M. H. Wolter et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. C 14 (2017) 1600189
• E. Handick et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 (2017) 3581
• E. Avancini et al., Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 25 (2017) 233
2016
• P. Jackson et al. Phys. Stat. Sol. (RRL) 10 (2016) 583
• G. Sozzi et al., Proc. 43rd IEEE PVSC, Portland, OR, USA, 2016, p. 2283
• G. Sozzi et al., Proc. 43rd IEEE PVSC, Portland, OR, USA, 2016, p. 2279
• E. Handick et al., Proc. 43rd IEEE PVSC, Portland, OR, USA, 2016, p. 0017
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Sharc25 sponsored workshop
CIGS solar cells - advanced characterization and novel concepts
Date: October 29, 2018
Aim & Scope: Learn about the advancements made through the Sharc25 project
Listen to possible approaches for achieving efficiencies towards 25%
Learn about advance characterization methods for industrial benefits
Discuss with experts from the consortium and with external speakers
Interaction of academia and industry to identify topical research themes
Venue: Empa Dübendorf, Switzerland (close to Zurich airport)
Costs: free but online registration required until October 12, 2018
Contact: [email protected]
More info: www.empa-akademie.ch/sharc25
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Acknowledgement
• This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon
2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement
No 641004 (Sharc25).
• This work was supported by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education,
Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number 15.0158.
The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not
necessarily reflect the official views of the Swiss Government.
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Thank you for your attention
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Info: Wolfram Witte
Website: www.sharc25.eu
Email: [email protected]
Public Sharc25 workshop at Empa, Dübendorf (CH) on October 29, 2018
www.empa-akademie.ch/sharc25