shaban a-wrm and-governance_in_lebanon_cnrs

Water Resources Management and

Governance in Lebanon:

Role of CNRS

Amin Shaban

National Council for Scientific Research,

Beirut, Lebanon

“Groundwater management in the Middle East

and North Africa GEF program (MENARID)" Beirut, 16-18 June,

(Co-convened by UNESCO-IHP, ICARDA, IFAD)

Groundwater management in the MENA GEF program (MENARID)" Beirut, 16-18 June, 2014, (Co-convened by UNESCO-IHP, ICARDA, IFAD)

CNRS

Seismology Remote Sensing Marine Science Atomic Energy

Scientific Units

Unite of Science & Technology

Systems Sectors

Image Processing

GIS

GPS

Soil

Water

Agriculture

Environment

geology Ecology

Is a public institution established

in 1962 and assigned with to

formulate national science and

technology policy and initiating

scientific research programmes

It is reported directly

to the President of the

Council of Ministers


Satellite

Images

Image

Processing

and GIS

sofwares

Topographic Maps

(Digital & HC)

Geologic Maps

(Digital & HC)

Land Cover/ Use Maps

(Digital & HC)

Aerial photos

Soil Maps

(Digital & HC)

Differential

GPSs

Water Testing

Sondes

Meteorological

stations

Plotters &

Digitizers

Hydrologic &

Climatic Records

Available data and Instruments at RSC

ASD-Spectro-

radiometer


Satellite Bands Resolution Revisit

time

Swath width Altitude

Landsat 7

ETM 7

30 m,

120 m thermal,

15 m pan.

16 days

183 km x

183 km 705 km

SPOT 5 5 m,

2.5 m pan.

26 days 60 km x

63 km

905 km

ASTER14

15 VNIR,

30 m SWIR,

90 m TIR.

16 days

60 km x

60 km

705 km

IKONOS 5 0.82 m 3 days 11.3 km x

11.3 km

681 km

Quick Bird 5 0.60 m 1-3 days 16.5 km x

16.5 km

450 km

MODIS 36 250 m,

1 km

2/ days 2030 km

x 1354 km

705 km

Used Satellite Images(used to study water resources)


Use of Satellite Images for Monitoring

and Assessment

1. Observing terrain features and identification of land cover/use.

2. Monitoring surface water bodies, and applying hydrological measures.

3. Identifying the hydrological linkages between surface and groundwater.

4. Recognizing hydrological clues to predict groundwater flow and storage.

15/2/2013 15/2/201415/2/2012


1. Identification of fracture systems (springs, GW flow/storage,

water harvesting, etc.)

2. Recharge potential zones (wet /dry areas & clues to GW)

3. Groundwater potential zones (GW exploration & assessment)

4. Delineating snow cover (feeding springs and rivers & water

harvesting)

5. Detecting GW discharge to the sea (source area on-land)

6. Monitoring surface water flow (water budget & supply &

harvesting)

7. Climate change influence on hydrological droughts

(agri. drought)

Major Topics


Projects on Water Resources

Project Title Dates Partners Source of

Funds

Airborne Thermal Infrared Survey to

Identify Submarine Springs along the

Northern Coastline of Lebanon

1997-

2000

CNRS, GORS,

Ministry of Water

Resources

Ministry of Water

Resources

Assessment of Natural Resources in

the Karstic Coastal Mediterranean

1998-

2001

Mediterranean

countries

European

Commission

Application of Remote Sensing in

Studying the Hydrogeology of

Occidental Lebanon

2000-

2002

CNRS, GORS, CNRS, GORS,

Design a Co-operative Ecosystem

Management Protocol for the

Sustainable Development of the Akkar

Watershed of Lebanon and Syria

2001-

2003

IDRC, CNRS,

GORS IDRC

Sustainable Management of Scarce

Resources in the Coastal Zones

2002-

2006

Mediterranean

countries

European

Commission

Ecosystem Approach to the Sustainable

Management of the Litani Watershed

2003-

2007

IDRC, CNRS,

LRA, DSA IDRC


Projects on Water Resources

Project Title Dates Partners Source of

Funds

Mapping Watersheds for Sustainable

Management in Lebanon

2007-

2012 CNRS CNRS

Using Satellite Images to Monitoring

Snow Cover Dynamics on the

Lebanese Mountains

2010-

2013

CNRS CNRS

In-Situ Investigation to Measure Snow

Water/Equivalent in Mount Lebanon 2010-to

date

CNRS, CESBIO,

USJ

CNRS, CESBIO,

USJ

Investigation of Climatic & Hydrological

Trends in Lebanon: Implication with

Water Resources Management

2011-to

date

CNRS, Istituto di

metodologie per

l'analisi ambientale

(CNR), Italy

CNRS, CNR

Regional Coordination on Improved

Water Resources Management and

Capacity Building

2010-to

date

CNRS, Jordan,

Egypt, Morocco,

Tunisia, NASA

GEF, WB, Arab

Water Council ,

Arab partners


Key points: Examples from Lebanon

Rainfall Assessment

Records over 6 decades show small oscillations in rainfall,

but no remarkable, just a decline of about 35-40mm.

However, there is an obvious change in the rainfall

patterns towards becoming more torrential than the regular

rainfall pattern.



Solid Precipitation (Snow) Assessment

Snow in Lebanon often covers an area of about 2200-

2400km2 in average. However, the investigated time

series (2000-2013) shows no remarkable change.

However, the melting rate has been increased lately due to

the higher temperature and then due to sunlight radiation.



Temperature Assessment

There is increase in the maximum temperature rate over

the period (1974-2012), from 27.5°C to 32°C.

Besides, there is also a decrease in the minimum by

0.6°C, over the same time period.



Rivers and Springs

The assessment has been applied to typical Lebanese

rivers and springs over the last .

There is obvious decline in water discharge that

sometimes reaches 50% of the normal average.



Groundwater

There are 324 wells have been investigated over about

3 decades. This includes the discharge and water table.

There is a obvious drawdown estimated at 40-55% and

10-15% in water pumped from the Cenomanian and

Jurassic aquifers; respectively.

The declines has been well

measured also in the discharge

as in the figure

29l/sec

20l/sec


CNRS Local Cooperation

Ministry of Energy

and Water

Ministry

Agriculture

Ministry of

Environment

Litani River

Authority

Lebanese

Agriculture

Research Institute

Geographic

Affairs, Lebanese

Army

NGOs Municipalities Universities

CNRS


CNRS Regional and International

Cooperation

European

Commission

USAID

International

Implementing

Agencies (BGR,

GIZ, etc.)World Bank

International

Specialized Agencies

(NASA, ESA,

CIHEAM)

UNESCO-IHP

IRDC UN Entities Int. Universities &

Research Centers

CNRS

Regional

Agencies

(ACSAD, AWC)


Example (1): Cooperation

Project funded by GEF implemented by World Bank:

“Regional Coordination on Improved Water Resources

Management and Capacity Building” (2010-2015)

Climate/Water

Drought

Evapotranspiration

Crop Yield

Floods

Cooperation among counterparts and long-

term management plan

National institutions involved

- MoEW

- MoA

Regional & International institutions

involvement

- Partners from MENA countries

- International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture

(ICBA), Dubai

- NASA

(Data manipulation, trainings, action

plans, indicative maps, etc.)


• Groundwater storage

• Infiltration rate per

zone

• Water retention

• Soil moisture

• Groundwater loss to

the sea

• Springs catchment

• Water contamination

• Selecting irrigation

system

Main Output (Example)

VH = 35-38%

H = 30-35%

M = 25-30%

L = 15-25%

VL = <15%


Example (2): Cooperation

Cooperation with UNESCO-IHP:

The Lebanese National Committee of IHP is

assigned to CNRS. We join all IHP periodical

meetings and event (Yemen, Khartoum, Morocco, etc.).

CNRS frequently participates in UNESCO-IHP

workshops on different topics.

CNRS cooperated with UNESCO-IHP in several

reports and studies (climate change, wetlands, etc.)

Recently, CNRS and UNESCO-IHP are preparing a

proposal for one-years activity (impact of CC on

groundwater resources and LCU in the coastal wetlands).


Main Output (Example)

• Assessing CC certainty

in the coastal

wetlands of Lebanon

• CC impact on

groundwater (volume

& quality)

• CC and Land cove/use

changes

• Propositions for

adaptation and

mitigation measures


Monitoring and assessment, since CNRS has

advanced tools for water monitoring, exploration and

volumetric measures.

Related Components for Water Governance1/2

Water policies and strategies, which can be built

on the understanding of major water components,

including mainly water regime, loss, consumption

and many other measurable items.

Economics of water sector, as a fundamental topic

to be implemented through different approaches,

such as pricing, funding mechanism, privatization,

etc.


Data and information management, and this needs

datasets (uniform and complete) or different water

elements.

Related Components for Water Governance2/2

Framework and managing capacity, such as the

involvement of different sectors in new water

methodologies and management approaches

(capacity building, training, etc.).

Water legislations, which can be established once

the physical and anthropogenic challenges are

determined.


Conclusion

1. CNRS, as a governmental body, using advanced

techniques to deduce essential measures and concepts

on water resources management.

2. Information and data resulted from projects and

researches (CNRS) have integral role in clarifying the

major understandings on water resources in Lebanon.

3. There is linkage between CNRS and other institutions

on the national level to promote cooperation and joint

works on water resources management.

4. This is a substantial component helps decision

makers implementing optimal water governance.


Thank You

shaban a-wrm and-governance_in_lebanon_cnrs

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