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Architecture Diagnosed
Alex TrumplerSenior Graduation Project
April 21, 2010
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Thesis
• When considering the broad topic of architecture, the two major categories (residential and commercial) share many common physical attributes, but the defining difference between them is a question of intended purpose and theoretical use.
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Inspiration for Topic
• Always had a passion for architecture
• Enrolled at Philadelphia University for a Bachelor of Architecture
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Why is architecture important?
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Presentation Overview
• Introduction to Architecture– Residential vs. Commercial
• Elements of Design• Residential Criteria• Commercial Requirements• Floor plans and examples• Creative Activity
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What is Architecture?
• “The art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.”– New Oxford American
Dictionary
• “The art or science of building.”– Merriam-Webster
So basically…Architecture is the art of designing a building
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Getting the Ideas
• The Art of Architecture• Ability to Exist in Current Market• Functionality of Design• The Design Process
Sopot, Poland(Hepler, 20)
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Elements of Design
• Form– General shape of building
• Space– The 3-dimentional area
• Light and shadow• Texture– feel, appearance, or
consistency of a surface• Line• Color
(Hepler, 21)
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Principles of Design• Unity
– Sense of wholeness in a design• Repetition• Rhythm
– When lines, planes, and surface treatments are repeated in a regular sequence
• Variety– Use of elements within a style
• Emphasis– Building upon a single point of
interest• Balance
– Achievement of equilibrium in design
(Hepler, 22)
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Architectural Divisions
• Architecture can be divided into two main divisions
–Residential: Architecture that is restricted for personal use• i.e.: houses, apartment buildings, etc
–Commercial: Architecture for public use• i.e.: offices, factories, movie theaters, etc • Commercial does not necessarily refer to a place of
commerce, but any space occupied by the general public
(Hornung)
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RESIDENTIAL
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Living Room
• Function– Entertainment center– Recreation center– Library– Music room– Tv center– Reception room– Social room– Study– Dining room (occasionally)– Guest bedroom (if a small home)
(Hepler, 38)
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Living Room
• Location– Centrally located– Adjacent to entrance– Away from sleeping and service areas– Close to dining room– Size– Wall space
(Hepler, 38)
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Living room
(Hepler, 38)
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Living room
(Hepler, 38)
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Dining Room
• Function• Location– Kitchen– Living room
• Size
(Hepler, 48)
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Kitchen
• Function• Efficiency• Location
(Hepler, 92)
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Bedroom
• Function• Number of bedrooms• Storage• Ventilation• Wall space
(Hornung)
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Bedrooms
• Furniture sizes– King bed – 72” x 84”– Queen bed – 60” x 80”– Full bed – 54” x 75”– Twin bed 39” x 75”– Cot – 30” x 74”– Crib – 27” x 56”– Dressing table – 3’-4’ x 18”-
22”– Chest of drawers – 3’-4’ x
18”-20”– Dresser – 4’-9’ x 18”-22”
(Hornung)
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Bedrooms
• Noise control– Away from the street– Carpeting– Soft cork walls– Floor to ceiling drapes– Acoustical tile in the ceiling– Trees and shrubbery outside– Placement of closets
(Hornung)
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Bathrooms
• Function• Bathrooms per bedroom• Ventilation• Lighting• Heating• Plumbing lines
(Hornung)
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Layout Planning
• Eating areas• Living areas• Sleeping areas
(Hornung, 93)
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COMMERCIAL
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Kitchen
• Function• 15 square feet per person– Refrigeration– dry storage– Dishwashing– prep area– Cooking– serving
(Wixson)
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Dinning Area
• Function• Size– Fine dinning• 16-20 sq ft for a 28-36 sq ft restaurant
– Casual dinning• 14-16 sq ft for a 24-32 sq ft restaurant
(Cannon)
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Bathrooms
• Counter• Stalls• Americans with
disabilities act (ADA)
(answers.com)
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
• Wheelchair Passage Width• Counters and Bars• Dining Areas
(ADAAG)
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
(ADAAG)
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
(ADAAG)
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Layout
• Considerations for layout options:– Size of Room– Size of Furniture– Traffic Flow
(allfoodbusiness.com)
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ZONING
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What is Zoning?
• Definition– “Divide a town or stretch of land into areas
subject to particular planning restrictions.”– New Oxford American Dictionary
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Zoning Basics
• Residential Zoning– Front yard– Side yard– Rear yard– Building coverage
• Commercial Zoning– Front yard– Side yards– Rear yard– Maximum height– Building coverage
(Upper Merion Township, Chapter 165 Article VI / XVIII)
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PLOT PLANS
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Plot Plans
• Drawing that represents everything outside of the structure
• Basics:– Property ownership– Builder Company
• Landscaping– Land survey / scale– Shrubbery
• Construction– Existing and expansion/new construction
(Ching)
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(Ching)
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(Ching)
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MOVING PAST THE SLIDES
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Residential
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Commercial
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SO LET’S TRY IT
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Class Activity
• Design a one story residential house to the following specifications– Master bedroom– Guest bedroom– 2 bathrooms– Living room– Dining room– kitchen
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Approximate Room Sizes
• Living room – 15’ x 15’• Kitchen – 10’ x 10’• Dining room – 13’ x 13’• Master bedroom – 12’ x 12’• Bedroom – 9’ x 12’• Hall – 3’• Door – 2.5’• Entrance door – 3’• Closet – 2’ x 2’• Bathroom – 5’ x 8’
(Patton)
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So what does it all mean?
• The difference between Residential and Commercial Architecture is the intended purpose and theoretical use.– While abiding by the standards and laws, an
Architect can design whatever they please, but the designation of architectural type depends on the application.
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What I learned:
• The basics• My own style• Importance of artistic expression
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CREATIVE DESIGNS WITH UNEXPECTED USES
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Kansas City, Missouri
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Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Madrid, Spain
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Pittsburg, Pennsylvania
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Quebec, Canada
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Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Works Cited"4_1t." Dimensions of people and equipment. Web. 17 Apr 2010.
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Works Cited"Restaurant Layout and Design." N.p., 2008. Web. 17 Apr 2010.
<http://www.allfoodbusiness.com/restaurant_layout.php>."Retro Half Circle: L Shape Booths, Corner Booths." BarsandBooths.com Inc, 2005. Web.
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Dining Room Furniture. Web. 17 Apr 2010. <http://moderndiningroomfurnitures.blogspot.com/2010/01/interier-dining-room.html>.
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Ching, Francis D.K. Building Construction Illustrated. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, U.S.A.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. Print.
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Works CitedEdificio Mirador. Web. 17 Apr 2010. <http://www.strangebuildings.com/edificio-mirador-
madrid-spain/>.Garen, . "Your Restaurant's Layout." Hubpages Inc., 2010. Web. 17 Apr 2010.
<http://hubpages.com/hub/restaurant_layout>.Goldston, Eli, and James H. Scheuer. "Zoning of Planned Residential Developments."
Harvard Law Review Association 73.2 (1959): 241-67. Web. 22 Nov 2009. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1338249>.
Hepler, Donald E., and Paul I. Wallach. Architecture: Drafting and Design. 3rd ed. U.S.A.: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1977. Print.
Hornung, William J. Architectural Drafting. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, U.S.A.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1971. Print.
kansas city public library parking garage. Web. 17 Apr 2010. <http://www.strangebuildings.com/kansas-city-public-library-parking-garage-kansas-city-usa/>.
Kittens, Sylvia. "Planning Your Restaurant Layout." Ezine Articles, 02 Sep 2008. Web. 17 Apr 2010. <http://ezinearticles.com/?Planning-Your-Restaurant-Layout&id=1461950>.
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Works CitedLongstreth, Richard. "Compositional Types in American Commercial Architecture."
Vernacular Architecture Forum 2. (1986): 12-23. Web. 22 Nov 2009. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/3514312>.
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Works CitedUpper Merion Area Township. Upper Merion Township Code Book. E-Code, 2008.
Web. 1 Dec 2009. <http://www.umtownship.org/>.Wixson, Jim. "Food Service Equipment & Supplies." All Experts, 31 Mar 2006. Web. 17
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