Birth

Prim

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sexu

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hara

cter

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11-1413-15

Seco

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Puberty

Enables human beings to reproduce. We have these when we born.

Differentiate men and women. Changes occur:Men: -lower voice - develop muscles - a lot of facial and body hair.

Women: - higher voice- breasts- wider hips- little body hair

Puberty occurs when the reproductive system matures. It starts when pituitary gland sends hormones to the genital organs.

When?

TAKE CARE OF YOUR BODYDue to hormonal changes during puberty, it is very important to pay attention to your personal hygiene.

LET´S TALK!

Accepting changes during puberty.

Answer the following questions:

1.When do secondary sexual characteristics develop?

2. Do men or women have more facial and body hair?

3. What gland sends hormones to the genital organs?

4. Which sexual characteristics do we have when we are born?

Internal organs:

-Ovaries: they produce the eggs necessary for reproduction.-Fallopian tubes: they connect the ovaries to the uterus.-Uterus: it is the organ where the baby develops during pregnancy.-Vagina: it is a channel which goes from the uterus to the outside of the body.

External organs:

The female external genital organs have a collective name: the vulva.The vulva includes creases of skin called labia, the clitoris and the openings to the vagina and the urethra.

Internal genital organs:

-Testicles/ testes: they produce the sperm cells necessary for reproduction.-Vas deferens: sperm travels through this tube to the urethra.-Urethra: sperm travels through this passage to the outside of the body.-Seminal vesicles and prostate gland: they produce a liquid to feed and transport sperm.

External genital organs:

-Scrotum: it is a bag of skin which contains the testicles.-Penis: the urethra passes through this organ.

Write the name of male and female genital organs:

Egg cells are the female sex cells. They are large and round.

Sperm are the male sex cells. They are very small . From the beginning of puberty on, about 200 million of these are producedevery day.

From puberty on, one egg matures and passes through a Fallopian tube aproximately every twenty-eight days.

If the egg cell is not fertilised, it leaves the body through the vagina. Minor bleeding occurs, called menstruation or a period.

Fertilisation occurs when an egg cell and sperm unite in one of the Fallopian tubes or in the uterus.

Zygote: it is the first cell of the new human being that has all the DNA of the two parents.

Embryo: zygote divides numerous times and forms an embryo. Then the embryo is implanted in the wall of the uterus.

The embryo is protected by a sac called the amnion, which fills with liquid

It gives the embryo nutrients and oxygen from the mother.

The embryo is connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord.

When the embryo is implanted in the wall of the uterus. It is ready to develop into a baby. The embryo needs food and oxygen to grow. It also needs protection.

Foetus: after about eight weeks, when the main structures and organs have formed, the embroy is called a foetus.

Put the following in chronological order:

FOETUS EGG CELL AND SPERM EMBRYO BABY ZYGOTE

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

What do you know about it? Find some information.

The process of giving birth is called labour.The involuntary muscles produce contractions in the uterus. The sac containing the foetus breaks. The liquid around the foetus is expelled.

Dilation: the opening of the vagina dilates so that the baby ca come out.

Birth: the baby leaves the mother´s body.

Afterbirth: the placenta is expelled.

If the labour is difficult or dangerous for the mother or the baby, doctors perform a Caesarean section to take the baby from the mother´s uterus.

When a baby is born, the umbilical cord is cut. The mark left is called a belly button.Newborn babies are about fifty centimetres long and weigh about three kilograms.

Babies born before term are called premature.Premature babies are kept in incubators, where they can develop and grow stronger.

Lactation is the period when babies get their nourishment from their mother´s milk.

If a mother cannot produce milk, infant formula is used. It is made from modified cow´s milk or soya milk. Breast milk is best, but formula provides many neccesary nutrients.

A new baby

Fertilisation

Amnion

Labourdefinition

Contractions

Consequently

Dilation

The umbilical cord is cut, the

mark left is

Lactation

definition

Infant formula

Explain how the menstruation or a period occurs: