sex differences in relationships
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sex Differences in Relationships:
Comparing Stereotypes to Self-reports
Elizabeth F. BroadySarah J. HickmanHanover College
![Page 2: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Attitudes Toward Marriage
![Page 4: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Theoretical Perspectives Evolutionary theory
Men may be more likely to cheat and show less commitment because the costs of pregnancy are lower (Buss & Schmitt, 1993; Cann, Magnum & Wells, 2001).
Social role theory Women have been primarily responsible for
work inside the home which has led them to develop more communal attitudes including more positive attitudes toward marriage (Eagly,1987)
![Page 5: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Empirical Evidence
Oliver and Hyde, 1993 Men have more sexual partners than
women (d=.25) Men are more likely to engage in
extramarital sex than women (d=.29)
![Page 6: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Graphical representation of effect size
![Page 7: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Why stereotypes? Belle, 1985
We tend to focus on the differences when we are faced with two of anything
![Page 8: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Hypotheses Males and females will not differ in their self-
reported attitudes toward marriage, commitment, or fidelity
Females will perceive males as having more negative attitudes toward marriage, lower commitment, and lower fidelity than males themselves report
Males will perceive females as having more positive attitudes toward marriage, higher commitment, and higher fidelity than females themselves report
![Page 9: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Variables of interest Attitudes toward marriage Commitment Fidelity
![Page 10: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Method Participants
133 (37 male, 96 female) Age range (18-47, M=21.5) Ethnicity
79.7% Caucasian, 7.2% African American
Procedure Informed Consent Survey (counterbalanced) Debriefing
![Page 11: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Questionnaire Attitudes Towards Marriage (Wallin, 1954)
If you marry, to what extent will you miss the life you have had as a single person? Not at all (1) Very much (6)
![Page 12: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Questionnaire Commitment Scale (Lund, 1985)
I would rather spend my free time with my partner than doing other things or seeing other people.
Not at all (1) Very much (6)
![Page 13: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Questionnaire Infidelity Scale
I have had a purely physical relationship with someone other than my partner.
Never Once Twice More than twice
![Page 14: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Data Analysis Mixed Model ANOVA
Between-subjects variable= Sex Within-subjects variable= Ratee
Followed significant results with appropriate post-hoc comparisons
![Page 15: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Attitudes Toward Marriage
3.54
4.49 4.574.23
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
55.5
6
FemaleRatingMale
Male Self-
Report
FemaleSelf-
Report
MaleRatingFemale
Att
itu
des
To
war
d M
arri
age NS
![Page 16: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Attitudes Toward Marriage
3.54
4.49 4.574.23
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
55.5
6
FemaleRatingMale
Male Self-Report
FemaleSelf-
Report
MaleRatingFemale
Att
itu
des
To
war
d M
arri
age NSp < .001
![Page 17: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Attitudes Toward Marriage
3.54
4.49 4.574.23
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
55.5
6
FemaleRatingMale
Male Self-Report
FemaleSelf-
Report
MaleRatingFemale
Att
itu
des
To
war
d M
arri
age NSp < .001 NS
![Page 18: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Commitment
4.21
4.96 4.88 4.73
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
55.5
6
FemaleRatingMale
Male Self-
Report
FemaleSelf-
Report
MaleRatingFemale
Co
mm
itm
ent
p= .001 NS NS
![Page 19: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Fidelity
3.24
3.67 3.743.44
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
FemaleRatingMale
Male Self-
Report
FemaleSelf-
Report
MaleRatingFemale
Fid
elit
yp= .002 NS p=.003
![Page 20: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Discussion Men and women showed no significant
differences in their self-reported attitudes and behaviors
Women viewed men as having more negative attitudes and behaviors than men self-reported
Men were relatively accurate in predicting women’s attitudes
Men viewed women more negatively in regards to fidelity than women self-reported
![Page 21: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Discussion Women are more likely than men to discuss
relationship issues (Brody & Hall, 1993)
Popular media emphasizes that men have difficulty in relationships
Women and men perceive themselves more positively than the opposite sex (Epley & Dunning, 2000)
![Page 22: Sex Differences In Relationships](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55689790d8b42aaa798b4ca7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Implications Stereotype inflation is a problem (Hyde,
2005) Couple conflict Communication