• Seven Balkan nations which all used to be part of Yugoslavia:– Bosnia & Herzegovina– Croatia– Kosovo– Macedonia– Montenegro– Serbia– Slovenia

• I will…– Have a working knowledge of the history of the

Balkan Nations.– Analyze the reasons why Yugoslavia broke up into

seven separate countries.– Be able to explain what happened in Sarajevo and

Kosovo that resulted in significant bloodshed and life lost.

• What empires did Yugoslavia belong to prior to its initial independence?

• Created after what war?• What leader emerged as President

upon Yugoslavia’s formation of a new nation?– What happened when he died?

• What two regions of Yugoslavia first began to pull away and seek independence?

• Josip Broz Tito: Establishes a communist government, but not associated with the USSR– Kept strict control of the six republics and two

regions (Kosovo & Vojvodina): secret police and censorship

– Upon his death in 1980, Yugoslavia begins to crumble

1. 1991: Slovenia & Croatia declare independence2. 1992: Macedonia declares independence3. 1992: Bosnia & Herzegovina declare

independence– Civil war breaks out – Sarajevo the capital is the

best demonstration of the violence that occurs

4. 1992: Serbia & Montenegro = new Yugoslavia with Slobodan Milosevic as leader

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Sarajevo Before & After War

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• Very militant in his leadership– Kosovo = civil war– Uprising in Belgrade (capital)

• Milosevic developed a plan for a Serb-only state (similar to what Hitler tried to do in Germany). – 1000s of non-Serbs in Yugoslavia disappeared. – Many killed; bodies discovered in mass graves

throughout Croatia, Bosnia, and Kosovo.– 800,000 fired from their jobs and kicked out their

homes

Most ethnic Albanians, Turks, Bosniaks, and Gorani are Muslim (make up most of Kosovo’s population!

5. October 2000, the people of Yugoslavia voted Milosevic out of office (1992-2000)– Turned over to the United

Nations and tried War Crimes and Genocide –Died before trial ended

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6. 2006: Montenegro declares independence

7. 2008: Kosovo declaration of independence

• Differences in language, religion, and ethnicity caused the break-up– Kosovo: tensions between Christian Serbs and

Islamic Albanians results in ethnic cleansing.

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Yugoslavia Croatia Slovenia Serbia and Montenegro Republika Srpska Republic of Serbian Krajina Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Macedonia Slovenia

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