SETTLEMENT OF EARLY AMERICA

• SPAIN-SOUTHWEST/CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA• FRANCE-MISSISSIPPI AND CANADA

• ENGLAND-ATLANTIC COAST

THREE COLONIAL REGIONS

•NEW ENGLAND•MIDDLE/MID-ATLANTIC• SOUTHERN

THE THREE COLONIAL REGIONS

• NEW ENLGAND- MASSACHUSETTS, NEW HAMPSHIRE, CONNECTICUT, AND RHODE ISLAND

• MIDDLE- NY, PENNSYLVANIA, NJ AND DELEWARE

• SOUTHERN- VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, NC, SC AND GEORGIA

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

NEW ENGLAND COLONIESRELIGION

• FOUNDED FOR RELIGIOUS REASONS (NOT FREEDOM OF RELIGION!)• PLYMOUTH ROCK AND MASSACHUSETTS BAY HAD

NO RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE• THE PURITANS WANTED TO ESTABLISH A “CITY ON A

HILL” (UTOPIA) THUS THEY EXILED DISSENTERS• ROGER WILLIAMS WAS BANISHED AND FOUNDED

RHODE ISLAND• QUAKERS WERE PERSECUTED!

NEW ENGLANDSOCIETY

• EGALITARIAN SOCIETY/ RELIGIOUS EQUALITY• PROSPERITY LATER BROUGHT CLASS

DISTINCTIONS• THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH (PURITANS)

FOSTERED THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOWNS AND EDUCATION (SCHOOLS)

POLITICS (IN GENERAL)

• ALL OF THE COLONIES BROUGHT WITH THEM KNOWLEDGE FROM THE MOTHER COUNTRY

(LANGUAGE AND CULTURE) AND THEIR EXPERIENCES WITH THE MAGNA CARTA AND PARLIAMENT• COLONIAL EXPERIENCE AND DISTANCE

FOSTERED DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS!

POLITICS (IN GENERAL)

• THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR IN 1600 AND SALUTARY NEGLECT UNDERMINED THE KING’S AUTHORITY AND MADE THE COLONIAL ASSEMBLY MORE POWERFUL

• BY 1750 MOST COLONIES WERE ROYAL• THE COLONIAL ASSEMBLIES HAD THE

“POWER OF THE PURSE” OVER THE ROYAL GOVERNORS.

POLITICS (IN GENERAL)

• THE COLONIST WERE LOYAL TO THE KING BUT THOUGHT ONLY THEIR COLONIAL ASSEMBLY COULD TAX THEM BASED ON CONCEPTS FROM THE MAGNA CARTA

• THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR, GLORIOUS REVOLUTION AND ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS INFLUENCED THE COLONIST PERCEPTIONS OF RIGHTS OF ENGLISHMEN!

NEW ENGLAND COLONIESPOLITICS

• GOVERNORS, COLONIAL ASSEMBLIES AND TOWN MEETINGS

ECONOMICS (IN GENERAL)

• THE ECONOMY WAS A RESULT OF LOCATION AND NATURAL RESOURCES WHICH GENERATED CAPITOL

• THE COLONIES DEVELOPED A NETWORK OF COASTAL TRADE AND TRADE WITH THE BRITISH CARIBBEAN AS WELL AS AFRICA AND EUROPE

NEW ENGLANDECONOMICS

• SUBSISTANT FARMING• FOREST USED FOR SHIP BUILDING• MERCHANTS AND FISHERMAN• ROCKY SOIL AND SHORT GROWING SEASONS

THUS FEW SLAVES• PORT CITIES BECAUSE RIVERS WERE

SHALLOW

TRIANGULAR TRADE- MADE THE NEW ENGLAND SLAVE TRADERS WEALTHY!

MID-ATLANTIC COLONIES

MID-ATLANTIC COLONIESRELIGION

• THERE WAS MORE RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE AND DIVERSITY IN THE MIDDLE COLONIES

• WILLIAM PENN AND THE QUAKERS FOUNDED PENNSYLVANIA• THEY BELIEVED PEOPLE HAD AN “INNER

LIGHT” AND THUS TOLERATED OTHER RELIGIONS

MID-ATLANTICSOCIETY

• EGALITARIAN SOCIETY/ RELIGIOUS EQUALITY• PROSPERITY BROUGHT CLASS DISTINCTIONS

MID-ATLANTIC COLONIESPOLITICS

• GOVERNOR AND COLONIAL ASSEMBLY

MID-ATLANTICECONOMICS

• FERTILE SOIL/MODERATE CLIMATE• LARGE FAMILIES • EXPORTED FOOD PRODUCTS (NOT

DEPENDENT ON SLAVE LABOR)

MIDDLE/MID-ATLANTIC COLONIES(REVIEW)

• RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE• FERTILE SOIL• DEEP RIVERS• AGRICULTURE/COMMERCE• LARGE FAMILIES• EXPORTED FOOD PRODUCTS• “AMERICA’S BREAD BASKET”/WHEAT• IMMIGRANTS• MOST DIVERSITY

SOUTHERN COLONIES

SOUTHERN COLONIESRELIGION

• THEY WERE FOUNDED FOR ECONOMIC NOT RELIGIOUS REASONS

• THE GREAT AWAKENING (RELIGIOUS REVIVAL) BROUGHT RELIGION TO THE SOUTH

• THEY BELONGED TO THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND (ANGLICAN)

• ACT OF TOLERATION IN MARYLAND PROTECTED THE RIGHTS OF CATHOLICS!

SOUTHERN COLONIESSOCIETY

• HIERARCHICAL SOCIAL STRUCTURE BECAUSE OF THE PLANTATION SYSTEM

• INDENTURED SERVANTS AND THEN SLAVES• SLAVE SYSTEM CAME FROM BARBADOS TO

THE CAROLINAS• THE PLANTATION SYSTEM IMPEDED THE

DEVELOPMENT OF TOWNS AND SCHOOLS• GEORGIA (PENAL COLONY) OUTLAWED

SLAVERY BUT LATER ALLOWED SLAVERY

SOUTHERN COLONIESPOLITICS

• THE SOUTH HAD LESS DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS BECAUSE OF THE COASTAL PLANTERS (PLANTER-ELITE CLASS) WHO HAD ALL THE POWER!

SOUTHERN COLONIESECONOMICS

• FERTILE SOIL/ CASH CROPS (STAPLE CROPS)• TOBACCO, RICE AND INDIGO• COTTON CAME AFTER THE COLOINIAL ERA

WHEN THE COTTON GIN WAS INVENTED

SOUTHERN COLONIES

• FERTILE SOIL/DEEP RIVERS• FEW CITIES/CHARLESTON• CASH CROPS/STAPLE CROPS- (TOBACCO, RICE & INDIGO)• PLANTATIONS/SLAVERY• STRICT CLASS SYSTEM• PLANTER ELITE CLASS-RULED!

*JAMESTOWN/1607SOUTHERN COLONY

• 1ST PERMANENT ENGLISH COLONY• FOUNDED ALONG THE JAMES RIVER• DIFFICULT TIMES• JOHN SMITH- FORCED SETTLERS TO FARM• JOHN ROLFE- INTODUCED TOBACCO AS A CASH

CROP• POCOHONTAS- HELPED RELATIONS WITH INDIANS• *HOUSE OF BURGESSES- 1ST ELECTED

REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENTAL BODY IN AMERICA (ONLY PROPERTY OWNERS COULD VOTE)

• 1ST SLAVES CAME IN 1619

HEADRIGHT SYSTEM

• ATTEMPT TO REPOPULATE THE COLONY OF JAMESTOWN

• IT GAVE 50 ACRES OF LAND PER HEAD TO THOSE THAT COULD PAY THEIR WAY TO AMERICA

• RESULTED IN INDENTURED SERVITUDE

*PLYMOUTH ROCK/1620NEW ENGLAND COLONY

• SETTLED BY THE PILGRIMS• CELEBRATED THANKSGIVING• *MAYFLOWER COMPACT-1ST WRITTEN

GOVERNMENT IN AMERICA (GOV’T GETS ITS POWER FROM THE PEOPLE)

• ESTABLISHED A REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT

(TOWN MEETINGS)

*MASSACHUSETTS BAY• SETTLED BY THE PURITANS (1628)• DID NOT TOLERATE OTHER RELIGIONS-DISSENTERS

WERE BANISHED! • CHURCH WAS THE GOVERNMENT• COULD NOT TALK DIRECTLY TO GOD• SUNDAY WAS A DAY OF REST• SALEM WITCH TRIALS• PUBLIC EDUCATION• OTHER COLONIES CAME ABOUT WHEN PEOPLE

WERE BANISHED

RHODE ISLANDNEW ENGLAND COLONY

• ROGER WILLIAMS AND ANNE HUTCHINSON• BOTH BANISHED FROM MASSACHUSETTS

BAY

*CAROLINA/1653SPLIT/1663

SOUTHERN COLONIES

• FOUNDED BY EIGHT PROPRIETORS• SPLIT BECAUSE OF GEOGRAPHY INTO NORTH

AND SOUTH CAROLINA

*PENNSYLVANIA/1682 MIDDLE COLONY

• SETTLED BY THE QUAKERS• FREEDOM OF RELIGION/ RELIGIOUS

TOLERANCE!• SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE• EQUALITY/ 1ST ABOLITIONIST

*GEORGIASOUTHERN COLONY

• BUFFER STATE (BETWEEN FLORIDA AND SC)• SOCIAL EXPERIMENT (PRISONERS, DEBTORS,

AND ORPHANS)• PENAL COLONY

BRITISH INFLUENCEON REPRESENTAIVE GOVERNMENT

• GREEKS-DEMOCRACY• ROMANS-REPUBLIC• RENAISSANCE-“REBIRTH” OF IDEAS• MAGNA CARTA-RIGHTS OF ENGLISHMEN TO BE CONSULTED ON THE LEVYING OF TAXES AND THE RIGHT TO A JURY OF THEIR PEERS• RULE OF LAW-ALL MUST OBEY THE LAW (EVEN THE KING)• PARLIAMENT- BICAMERAL• ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS-PROTECT INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS (FREEDOM OF RELIGION)• ENLIGHTENMENT-QUESTIONING/THOUGHTFULNESS

Representative Government

• Representative Government developed in America as a result of the mother country England and circumstances in the New World.

• The House of Burgesses, the Mayflower Compact, and the New England town meetings are all examples of Representative Government.

JOHN LOCKE

• JOHN LOCKE-THE SOCIAL CONTRACT NATURAL RIGHTS/INALIENABLE RIGHTS• LIFE, LIBERTY AND PROPERTY• AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT REST

IN THE PEOPLE!

*SALUTARY NEGLECT

• THE COLONIES FELT SOVEREIGN(POWERFUL) BECAUSE BRITAIN HAD IGNORED THEM• THERE WERE TENSIONS BETWEEN THE COLONIAL GOVERNOR (APPOINTED BY THE KING) AND THE COLONIAL LEGISLATURE(ELECTED BY THE PEOPLE/ “POWER OF THE PURSE” OVER THE GOVERNOR)

MOTHER COUNTRY

• MERCANTILISM-EXPORTING MORE THAN YOU IMPORT FOR A FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE

• NAVIGATION ACTS- CERTAIN GOODS WERE SOLD ONLY TO ENGLAND (TAXED)

BEN FRANKLIN

• SUGGESTED THE ALBANY PLAN OF UNION• THE COLONIES SHOULD UNITE AGAINST THE BRITISH• BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE AND ANALYZE THE FIRST POLITICAL CARTOON

BEN FRANKLIN

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

• •ENGLAND AND FRANCE FOUGHT OVER THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY

• •ENGLAND WAS IN DEPT AFTER THE WAR AND STARTED TAXING THE COLONIES

CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION

• SUGAR ACT- TAX ON SUGAR (INDIRECT TAX)ADMIRALITY COURTS- PENALIZED SMUGGLERS W/O A TRIAL BY JURY• *STAMP ACT- TAX ON PRINTED MATERIAL(DIRECT TAX)

• QUARTERING ACT- FORCED COLONIST TO HOUSE “RED COATS”• DECLARATORY ACT- ENGLAND COULD MAKE LAWS FOR THE COLONIES•TOWNSEND ACT- TAXED ALL IMPORTS

STAMP ACT

• Tax on anything made of paper• Result in the Sons and Daughters of Liberty and Stamp Act Congress protest groups• Effective economic boycott resulted in a repeal of the Stamp Act

TAXATION

•THE COLONIST WERE NOT PROTESTING THE TAXES BECAUSE THEY WERE TOO HIGH!•THEY DID NOT WANT TO FORM A NEW GOVERNMENT!•THEY WANTED THE GOVERNMENT THEY DEVELOPED UNDER SALUTARY NEGLECT!•THEY DID NOT WANT A REPRESENTATIVE IN PARLIAMENT (OUTNUMBERED).•THEY WANTED ONLY THEIR COLONIAL LEGISLATURE TO TAX THEM!

CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION

•SONS OF LIBERTY- PROTEST GROUP•BOSTON MASSACRE- “RED COATS” FIRED ON CIVILIANS•TEA ACT- GAVE THE EAST INDIA CO. A MONOPOLY (CAUSE)•BOSTON TEA PARTY- “SONS OF LIBERTY” THREW TEA OVERBOARD•INTOLERABLE ACTS (COERSIVE)- MADE THE COLONIST PAY FOR THE TEA/SHUT DOWN PORT (RESULT)

BOSTON TEA PARTY

BOSTON MASSACRE

CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION

• FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS-DECLARATION OF RIGHTS AND GRIEVANCES• MINUTEMEN- COLONIAL SOLDIERS BEGAN TO TRAIN• LEXINGTON- FIRST SHOT“SHOT HEARD AROUND THE WORLD”

MINUTEMEN

2ND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

• GEORGE WASHINGTON WAS APPOINTED COMMANDER OF THE MINUTEMEN• A COMMITTEE STARTED WRITING THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

• THOMAS JEFFERSON • JULY 4, 1776 • LIFE, LIBERTY AND THE PERSUIT OF HAPPINESS • AN ATTEMPT TO GET LOYALIST TO TURN AGAINST KING GEORGE III • GRIEVANCES AGAINST THE KING • ATTEMPT TO SECURE ALLIES LIKE FRANCE• FRAMEWORK FOR STATE GOVERNMENTS AND

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION AFTER THE REVOLUTION

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

• THE DECLARATION HAD WORLDWIDE IMPACT!

• MANY DOCUMENTS, EXCLUDED GROUPS AND COUNTRIES HAVE MODELED THEIR WRITINGS AND REVOLUTIONS AFTER THIS DOCUMENT!

BATTLES OF THE REVOLUTION

• BUNKER HILL- COLONIST RAN OUT OF AMMO• TRENTON- WASHINGTON ATTACKED ON CHRISTMAS NIGHT AFTER CROSSING THE DELEWARE• SARATOGA- TURNING POINT/FRANCE STARTED HELPING THE COLONIES-PROVIDING A MUCH NEEDED NAVY• YORKTOWN- FINAL BATTLE WHERE CORNWALLIS SURRENDERED TO WASHINGTON

BATTLE OF TRENTON

TREATY OF PARIS 1783

• GAVE THE US THEIR INDEPENDENCE• EXTENDED THE BOUNDARY TO THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER

STATES

• AFTER THE REVOLUTION, THE COLONIES BECAME STATES AND WROTE THEIR OWN CONSTITUTIONS WITH A LIST OF RIGHTS.

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

• THE FIRST CENTRAL GOVERNMENT• RESULT OF EXPERIENCES UNDER THE ROYAL GOVERNOR, KING AND PARLIAMENT• THEY BELIEVED POWER (SOVEREIGNTY)REST IN THE STATE GOVERNMENTS• THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS WAS THE MODEL AND EACH STATE HAD ONE VOTE IN A UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE

CONTROVERSY

• CONTROVERSY BETWEEN LARGE AND SMALL STATES OVER THE NEW LAND•THE NEW LAND BECAME PUBLIC DOMAIN (BELONGED TO THE GOVERNEMNT)• IT WAS SOLD UNDER THE LAND ORDINANCE

NORTHWEST ORDINANCE

• 5,000 PEOPLE-WRITE LAWS• 60,000-APPLY TO CONGRESS FOR STATEHOOD• DECLARED SLAVERY ILLEGAL IN THIS TERRITORY!

INEFFECTIVENESS OF THE ARTICLES

• COULD NOT REQUIRE THE BRITISH TROOPS TO LEAVE

• COULD NOT PERSUADE THE SPANISH TO ALLOW ACCESS THROUGH NEW ORLEANS TO THE SEA• COULD NOT LEVY TAXES TO SUPPORT AN ARMY• THEY COULD NOT PERSUADE ENGLAND TO TRADE WITH THEM• THEY COULD NOT HANDLE PROBLEMS BETWEEN STATES (INTERSTATE COMMERCE)

INEFFECTIVENESS OF ARTICLES

• COULD NOT PUT DOWN SHAY’S REBELLION OF FARMERS IN MASSACHUSETTS (OVER ECONOMIC CRISIS CAUSED BY LACK OF TRADE WITH ENGLAND)• COULD NOT BE AMENDED EXCEPT WITH THE UNANIMOUS CONSENT OF AL OF THE STATES• DELEGATES WERE CALLED TO ATTEND A MEETING IN PHILADELPHIA TO AMEND THE ARTICLES!

Shay’s Rebellion

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

• 55 DELEGATES• ALL STAES EXCEPT RHODE ISLAND• WASHINGTON- PRESIDENT OF THE CONVENTION• JAMES MADISON- “FATHER OF THE CONSTITUTION”

Constitutional Convention

ARGUMENTS AT THECONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

•REPRESENTATION•VIRGINIA PLAN- BICAMERAL HOUSE AND REPRESENTATION BASED ON POPULATION•NJ PLAN- UNICAMERAL HOUSE AND EQUALREPRESENTATION•GREAT COMPROMISE- BICAMERAL CONGRESS BASED ON POPULATION IN THE HOUSE AND EQUALITY IN THE SENATE

Complete the diagram!

ARGUMENTS AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

• WOULD THE SLAVES COUNT IN THE POPULATION?• 3/5 COMPROMISE- 5 SLAVES COUNTED AS 3 PEOPLE• THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT COULD NOT REGULATE THE SLAVE TRADE FOR 20 YEARS!

ARGUMENTS AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

• HOW WOULD THE PRESIDENT BE ELECTED?• POPULAR VOTE OR REPRESENTATIVES VOTE• ELECTORAL COLLEGE- HOW WE ELECT THE PRESIDENT INDIRECTLY

ELECTORAL COLLEGE

ELECTORAL COLLEGE

RATIFICATION

• FEDERALIST- FOR THE CONSTITUTION (ELITE) EXS: JEFFERSON AND MADISON• ANTI-FEDERALIST- AGAINST THE CONSTITUTION (BACK COUNTRY FARMERS)•IT TOOK 9 STATES TO RATIFY THE CONSTITUTION• THE BILL OF RIGHTS WAS ADDED TO GET THE CONSTITUTION RATIFIED

Bill of Rights

FEDERALIST PAPERS

• WRITTEN BY MADISON, HAMILTON AND JAY• EXPLAINED AND ENCOURAGED PEOPLE TO VOTE FOR THE CONSTITUTION

PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION

POPULAR SOVEREREIGNTY- POWER IN THE PEOPLE•LIMITED GOVERNMENT- GOVERNMENT ONLY HAS THE POWER THE PEOPLE GIVE IT•REPUBLICANISM- DECISIONS ARE MADE BY A BODY OF ELECTED OFFICIALS•FEDERALISM- DIVISION OF POWER BETWEEN THE STATES AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Federalism

PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTIONSEPARATION OF POWERS-PREVENTS MISUSE OF POWER!

• LEGISLATIVE BRANCH- CONGRESSPOWER TO WRITE LAW

• EXECUTIVE BRANCH- PRESIDENTPOWER TO ENFORCE THE LAW

• JUDICIAL BRANCH- SUPREME COURTPOWER TO RULE ON THE LAW

PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION

CHECKS AND BALANCES• WHEN ONE BRANCH CHECKS ANOTHER BRANCH’S POWER• (EX) PRESIDENTIAL VETO OF A LAW

POWERS

• DELEGATED POWERS- POWERS GIVEN TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BY THE CONSTITUTION•RESERVED POWERS- POWERS RESERVED TO THE STATES• CONCURRENT POWERS- POWERS SHARED BY BOTH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE STATES

George Washington

• GEORGE WASHINGTON WAS ELECTED UNANIMOUSLY BY THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE.

CABINET

CABINET- PRESIDENT’S ADVISORSDEPARTMENT OF STATE

THOMAS JEFFERSONDEPARTMENT OF TREASURY

ALEXANDER HAMILTONDEPARTMENT OF WAR

HENRY KNOX

HAMILTON’S FIVE POINT PLAN

• PAY OFF THE DEBT LEFT FROM THE REVOLUTION

• NATIONAL GOVERNMENT WOULD ASSUME THE DEBTS OF THE STATES

• CONGRESS WOULD ESTABLISH A NATIONAL BANK

• PROTECTIVE TARIFF (DID NOT PASS)• WHISKEY TAX

BANK

• HAMILTON WANTED THE BANK AND JEFFERSON THOUGHT IT WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL

• HAMILTON JUSTIFIED THE CREATION OF THE BANK BY USING THE NECESSARY AND PROPER CLAUSE OR “ELASTIC CLAUSE”.

BANK

• STRICT CONSTRUCTIONIST- JEFFERSON THE CONSTITUTION SHOULD BE STRICTLY

INTERPRETED WORD FOR WORD• LOOSE CONSTRUCTIONIST- HAMILTON THE CONSTITUTION COULD BE INTERPRETED

LOOSELY (DOESN’T HAVE TO BE WORD FOR WORD)

HAMILTON/JEFFERSON

• PROTECTIVE TARIFF-A TAX ON IMPORTS TO PROTECT AMERICAN MADE PRODUCTS

• HAMILTON WAS FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION • JEFERSON WAS FOR THE COUNTRY

REMAINING AGRICULTURAL• THE ONLY POINT OF HAMILTON’S PLAN THAT

CONGRESS DID NOT PASS!

WHISKEY REBELLION

• 1789 CONGRESS PASSED A TAX ON WHISKEY• 1794 REBELLION ERUPTED• WASHINGTON LED FEDERAL TROOPS TO

CRUSH THE REBELLION• SHOWED STRENGTH OF FEDERAL

GOVERNMENT (UNLIKE SHAYS)!

POLITICAL PARTIES

• DISPUTES DURING WASHINGTON’S 1ST TERM CAUSED POLITICAL PARTIES

• FEDERERALIST-HAMILTON’S SUPPORTERS• REPUBLICANS-JEFFERSON’S SUPPORTERS

HAMILTON/JEFFERSON• HAMILTON (F)• STRONG NATIONAL GOVERNMENT (F)• MANUFACTURING AND TRADE (F)• NORTH (F)

• Political parties divided the country!

• JEFFERSON (F)• AGRARIANISM-FARMING (R)• RIGHTS OF STATES (R) • RURAL SOUTH AND WEST (R)

WASHINGTON STEPS DOWN

• AFTER TWO TERMS, WASHINGTON RETIRED BECAUSE OF PARTY POLITICS

• IN HIS FAREWELL ADDRESS, HE WARNED AGAINST SECTIONALISM, POLITICAL PARTIES AND BECOMING INVOLVED WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES

THE ELECTION OF 1796

• FEDERALIST- JOHN ADAMS• REPUBLICANS- THOMAS JEFFERSON• ADAMS 71/JEFFERSON 68• PRESIDENT FROM ONE PARTY VP FROM

ANOTHER PARTY!

JOHN ADAMS

THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS:• IMMIGRANTS HAD TO WAIT 14 YRS BEFORE

BECOMING A CITIZEN.• THE PRESIDENT COULD DEPORT ANY ALIENS

W/O TRIAL.• IT WAS AGAINST THE LAW TO UTTER OR

PRINT ANYTHING “FALSE, SCANDALOUS, AND MALICIOUS” AGAINST THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OR OFFICIALS!

VIRGINIA RESOLUTION- INTERPOSITION STATES COULD INTERPOSE BETWEEN THE FEDERAL

GOVERNMENT AND THE PEOPLE IF THEIR ACTIONS WERE UNCONSTITUTIONAL

KENTUCKY RESOLUTION- NULLIFICATION STATES HAD THE RIGHT TO DECLARE

UNCONSTITUTIONAL LAWS PASSED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT INVALID

VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS (JEFFERSON AND HAMILTON)

THE ELECTION FO 1800

FEDERALIST-JOHN ADAMSREPUBLICANS-THOMAS JEFFERSON 73 AARON BURR 73THIS ELECTION SHOWED A FLAW IN THE

SYSTEM! TIETHE VOTE WENT TO THE HOUSE WHERE

JEFFERSON WAS ELECTED!

REVOLUTION OF 1800

• JEFFERSON WAS LESS FORMAL• HORSEBACK NOT CARRIAGES• INTIMATE DINNERS NOT FORMAL

RECEPTIONS• DID NOT WEAR A WIG!

MIDNIGHT JUDGES (JUSTICES)

DURING THE LAST DAYS OF HIS ADMINISTRATION ADAMS APPOINTED 16 NEW

FEDERAL JUDGES –FEDERALIST!

*Marbury v. Madison

• John Marshall – Chief Justice• Strengthened the Supreme Court because it

asserted the Court's right of Judicial Review• Judicial Review is the power to decide

whether a law passed by Congress is Constitutional or to strike down laws that are unconstitutional.

JOHN MARSHALL

• INCREASED THE POWER OF THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

• INCREASED THE POWER OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OVER THE STATES

• CAUSED ECONOMIC GROWTH BY SUPPORTING THE BANK AND REGULATIONG INTERSTATE COMMERCE

LOUISIANA PURCHASE

• JEFFERSON BOUGHT THIS LAND FROM FRANCE (NAPOLEAN)

• DOUBLED THE SIZE OF OUR COUNTRY

IMPRESSMENT

• ENGLAND AND FRANCE WERE AT WAR• AT FIRST THIS BENEFITTED AMERICAN

MERCHANTS• IMPRESSMENT-LEGALIZED FORM OF

KIDNAPPING (STOPPING AMERICAN SHIPS AND SEIZING SAILORS AND GOODS HEADED TO ENGLAND)

EMBARGO ACT

• THE GOVERNMENT ISSUED THE EMBARGO ACT BANNING TRADE WITH OTHER COUNTRIES

• THIS WOUND UP HURTING THE U. S. RATHER THAN ENGLAND AND FRANCE

• THIS ACT MADE JEFFERSON VERY UNPOPULAR

JAMES MADISON

• James Madison – Republicans• Charles Pinckney-Democrats• Madison wins• Non-Intercourse Act-opened trade with all

countries except England and France and would reopen trade with the one that stopped bothering our ships first (France accepted)

“WAR HAWKS”

• MEN IN CONGRESS WHO WANTED WAR AGAINST ENGLAND (SOUTH AND WEST)

• HENRY CLAY (KENTUCKY)

• JOHN C. CALHOUN (S. C.)

WAR OF 1812

• JUNE 1812 MADISON ASKED CONGRESS FOR WAR

• 7,000 TROOPS/16 SHIPS/NATION DIVIDED• “Mr. MADISON’S WAR”• AMERICA ATTACED CANADA FROM THREE

LOCATIONS• OLIVER PERRY ATTACKED ON LAKE ERIE AND

THE BRITISH SURRENDERED AFTER 4 HOURS

WAR OF 1812

• AUGUST 1814, THE BRITISH ATTACTED WASINGTON AND BURNED THE WHITE HOUSE

• DOLLY MADISON SAVED THE PRESIDENTIAL PORTRAIT OF GEORGE WASHINGTON

• BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS-ANDREW JACKSON DEFENDED THE CITY WITH COTTON BALES

• TREATY OF GHENT- NO ONE WON AND PREWAR BOUNDARIES WERE RESTORED