Perspektif Pengembangan Self-Adaptive Systems : Requirements Engineering

Aradea, Prof. Dr. Ing. Ir. Iping Supriana, Ir. Kridanto Surendro, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Teknik Informatika Univesitas Siliwangi Tasikmalaya

Teknik Elektro dan Informatika Institut Teknologi Bandung

Pendahuluan

Kompleksitas lingkungansistem

• Sosio – Teknis

• Ketidakpastian

• Kebutuhan Otomatisasi

• Ubiquitous Hardware

• Globalisasi dan Distribusi

Self-Adaptive Systems (SAS)

Sistem yang dapat mengkonfigurasi danmengkonfigurasi ulang sendiri, meningkatkan fungsinya, secara terus-menerus mengoptimalkan diri, melindungi diri, dan memulihkan dirisendiri [Cheng, et al., 2009 ]

SAS merupakan spekturm yang luas, tergantung pada berbagai aspek, sepertikebutuhan pengguna, sifat tertentu darisistem, dan karakteristik lingkungannya[Andersson, et al., 2009]

Roadmap Penelitian Self-Adaptive Systems

Internationales Begegnungsund Forschungszentrum fuerInformatik (IBFI) Schloss Dagstuhl Germany

Roadmap Penelitian 2009 :

1. Dimensi Pemodelan

2. Requirement

3. Rekayasa

4. Jaminan

Roadmap Penelitian 2013 :

1. Ruang Disain

2. Proses

3. Desentraliasi Control Loops

4. Verifikasi Validasi Run-time

MAPE-MART Loop

• Model@run-time, Software Product Line, MUSIC, Meta-models, Software generator, Model-based process

• PID controller, MIAC, MIRAC, MAPE, MAPE-K, UML profile

• Component-based, Aspect-oriented, Generative, Adaptive, Context-oriented

• Optimization, Autonomic, Frequency planning, Data harvesting, Region detection, Immune system, Task assignment, Ecosystem fr., RAPPID, Social convention

• Agent modeling, Hybrid agent, Design pattern, MOCAS, Dynamical systems analysis, Decentralized control , Unity

• Introspection, Intercession, FORMS, Reflex, Reflective middleware, CARISMA, Req-awareness

• FUSION, Unity, Evolutionary, Control-based

• Model@run-time, Goal-based model, SIG, SPA, BDI, System of systems

• Rainbow framework, 3L approach, Architectural run-time configuration manager, Archstudio

• Game theory, Spin glasses, Time series, Fuzzy logic, Multiobjective, Evolutionary and System dynamics, Multi-agent

• MUSIC, SASSY, MetaSelf, Aspect-oriented dan service computing, Agent systems dan SOA, Component dan services, RE dan service, MOSES

• SOA, DEVS, DEVSML, adaptive middleware, generic middleware

• J2EE, .NET, ACE, OSGi, JADE, Jadex, Jason, Netlog, JACK, DEVS

• Requirement@run-time, LoREM, Zanshin, Self-tuning method, KAOS, i*, SIG, FLAGS, RELAX, CARE, Tropos4AS

• Goal-driven, Game theory, Cognitive decision-making, Mathematical framework, ANFIS

• FORMS, Restore-invariant approach, Self-testing framework, Timed hazard analysis

• Utility-based adaptation, Task-based self-adaptation

Penelitian Terkait : Bahasa Requirement

Natural language

RELAX[Whittle et al., 2009, 2010]

Control-theoretic

DYNAMICO [Gabrie let al., 2013]

i* for Control Systems[Schmitz et al., 2008, 2009]Zanshin

[V. E. Silva Souza, et. al, 2012, 2013] UML profile

[Hebig et al., 2010]

Goal-based

i*[E. S. Yu, 1997]

KAOS[Dardenne, et. al., 1993]

[Brown, et. al., 2006] [Nakagawa, et. al., 2008]

CARE[Qureshi & Perini,

2010]

Tropos4AS[Morandini et. al,

2008, 2009]

LoREM[Cheng et al., 2008,

2009]

FLAGS[Baresi & Pasquale,

2010, 2011]

SOTA [Dhamindaet al., 2012]

GASD [Wang et al., 2012]

Penelitian Terkait : Pemetaan Arsitektur

Aspect-oriented

Self-Organizing Architecture[Haesevoets et al., 2009]

Models & Aspects[Morin et al., 2008, 2009]

Component-based

Component-based Architecture

[Blair et al., 2009]

Self-management[Sykes et al., 2008,]

Architecture Model[Bencomo, et. al, 2008,

2009]

Self-repair[Sicard et al., 2008]

Model-based

Model-driven[Ghorbani, et. al.,

2014]

ARKnowD[Renata, et. al,

2009]

Model-based Process[Zhang & Cheng, 2006]

Product-line based

Feature Models[Acheret al.,

2009]

Variability Models[Cetina et al., 2009]

Penelitian Terkait : Model Run-time

Models at runtime[Cheng, et.. al., 2014]

Goal-driven[Wang et. al., 2012]

SOA : Supervised Learning

[Sniezynskiet. al., 2014]

Models@runtime

Models@Run.time[Morin et. al., 2009]

Ontologies[Beydounet. al., 2014]

Model@Run.time[Blair et. al., 2009]

Model Evolution[Epifaniet. al., 2009]

Software Model[Bencomoet. al.,

2014]Dynamic Evolution[Alférez et. al., 2012]

Software Process[Anderssonet. al., 2013]

Meta-models

Conceptual Independence [McGinnes& Kapros, 2014]

Runtime Megamodels[Vogel & Giese, 2012]

Role of Models[Vogel et al., 2011]

Meta-modelling runtime [Lehmannet al.,

2012]

Abstract Models[Vogel & Giese, 2010]

Penelitian Terkait : Refleksi dan Pelacakan

Control in an Information Rich

[Murray, et.. al., 2003]

Taxonomy of Uncertainty

[Ramirez et. al., 2012]

Pelacakan

SLAs and Dynamic Monitoring

[Villegas et. al., 2011]

Self-Testing[King et. al., 2007]

Probabilistic Verification

[Filieri et. al., 2013]

Behavioral ModelsGoldsbyet. al., 2008]

Refleksi

Runtime Entities[Bencomoet al., 2014]

Active Architecture[Morrison et al., 2007]

Requirements-aware Systems

[Sawyeret al., 2010]

Requirements Monitoring

[Robinson, 2006]

Perbandingan Penelitian Bahasa RequirementsModel Pendekatan Spesifikasi design-time Spesifikasi run-time

KAOS[Dardenne et al., 1993]

Goal-based

Model agent. Struktur top-down model goal

(AND/ OR), responsibilitas, operasional dan objek (state agen)

-

i *[Eric Yu, 1997]

Goal-based

Model intensional Mekanisme dependensi Strategic dependency (SD) dan

strategic rationale (SR)

-

RELAX [Whittle et al., 2009-2010]

Natural languageFuzzy logic

Bahasa alami, modal verb. Invariant requirement sebagai

acuan perilaku adaptif Non-invariant requirement

identifikasi dan monitor dimensi

Ekspresi sintaks grammer (ekspresi boolean dan temporal fuzzy logic).

Semantik, fuzzy branching temporal logic (FBTL)

TROPOS4AS[Morandini et al., 2008-2011]

Goal-basedAgent-based

Bahasa tropos/ i* Pemodelan tipe goal, lingkungan,

dan kegagalan. Hubungan lingkungan dan goal. Disain variabilitas

Implementasi goal melalui agent-based (JADEX), BDI.

Operasional semantic :transitions rules.

Pendefinisian goal state

FALGS[Baresi et al., 2010-2011]

Goal-basedFuzzy goal

Model KAOS Goal adaptif, even sebagai pemicu

implementasi runtime. Fuzzy goal dan goal.

Model live goal terhubung ke lingkungan pemantau.

Supervision manager memetakan goal ke BPEL

Perbandingan Penelitian Bahasa RequirementsModel Pendekatan Spesifikasi design-time Spesifikasi run-time

CARE [Qureshi et al., 2009-2012]

Goal-basedAgent-based

Bahasa techne/ i* Integrasi goal dan ontology Requirement adaptif berorientasi

rencana runtime

Penalaran high-level Perencana hierarchical task

network (HTN). Integrasi PDDL 3.0 dan HTN

SOTA[Dhaminda et al., 2012]

Goal-basedNatural language

Bahasa i*, context-free grammar Ekspresi pola goal Precondition dan postcondition

goal dan utilitas untuk aktor, entitas dan dependensi dinamis

Ekspresi grammer (atribut constants atau variable).

Cek labeled transition system analyzer (LTSA).

Pemetaan goal ke perilaku

GASD [Wang et al., 2012]

Goal-basedModel-driven

Spesifikasi model agent/ UML Goal tree sebagai inisial agent

(algoritma seleksi) Disain agent BDI

Penerapan OWL ontology Knowledge based Implementasi JADE sebagai

kebutuhan saat run-time

DYNAMICO [Gabriel et al., 2013]

Goal-based Control theory

Teori kontrol Control objectives ontology

untuk QoS, misal dalam SLA. Mekanisme adaptasi sistem

Dynamic monitoring feedback loop

Synthesizing monitoring strategies saat runtime.

ZANSHIN[Souza et al., 2011-2014]

Goal-based Control theory

Spesifikasi bahasa techne Awarness requirements Parameter : OR-refinements/

variaton point (VP), control variable (CV),relasi diferensial

PID controller Qualitative adaptation Evolution requirements,

parameter saat runtime untuk merubah perilaku

Design-Time v.s Run-Time

Design-Time

• Teknik analisis untuk monitoring dan adaptasi run-time

• Integrasi desain variabilitas dan monitoring untuk ketidakpastiaan design-time (logika fuzy, penalaran kualitatif, operator, dll)

Run-Time

• JAVA EAC rules (CARE, Zanshin)

• JADEX executable goal model (Tropos4AS, GASD)

Tantangan

• Alive requirements

• Ketidakpastian/ tidak terduga

• Sentralitas pengguna

Sudut Pandang Design-Time v.s Run-Time

Design-Time

• Ontology untuk requirements (elisitasi informasi, pemodelan primitif)

• Analisis (variabilitas, konsistensi, kepuasan goal)

Run-Time

• Monitoring requirements

• Rekonfigurasi untuk kepuasan requirements

• Manajemen perubahan requirements

Foundations

• Gagasan kepatuhan terhadap requirements

• Formulasi requirements problem (underlying framework)

Kerangka Pemikiran Awal

Arsitektur Model Adaptif

Alternatif Tools : i*, KAOS, FLAGS, RELAX, F3, EKD, Goal Based Workflow, Object Modelling, dll. Alternatif Tools : AOR Agent

Diagram, AUML, Tropos Diagram, UML Diagram, dll.

Alternatif Tools : UML Metamodel. Teknologi yang dapat diadopsi JMS, JEE, Web Services, WSDL, BPEL, XML Schema, melalui pemetaankode misalnya dengan Java/ J2EE mapping, .NET mapping dan CORBA mapping.

Kesimpulan

• Perspektif Pengembangan Self-Adaptive Systems (SAS) :Dekomposisi = area SAS + pendekatan SAS

• Requirement SAS = Design-Time + Run-Time

• Design-Time = Disain Variabilitas + Analisis Kepatuhan

• Run-Time = Pemantauan + Adaptasi

• Model Run-Time = Control objective + Pengontrol Adaptasi + Sistem Monitoring

• Dynamic Requirement Engineering = Keterlibatan Pengguna

Referensi

• Aradea, Iping Supriana, Kridanto Surendro, “An Overview of Multi Agent System Approach in Knowledge Management Model”, International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation, STEI ITB, November 24 – 25, 2014.

• Aradea, Iping Supriana, Kridanto Surendro, “Konsepsi Data dan Informasi Sebagai Penyedia Layanan Pengetahuan”, Konferensi Nasional Sistem Informasi, STEI ITB – Universitas Klabat Sulawesi Utara, 25 – 28 Februari 2015.

• Aradea, Iping Supriana, Kridanto Surendro, “Prinsip Paradigma Agen Dalam Menjamin Keberlangsungan Hidup Sistem”, Konferensi Nasional Sistem Informasi, STEI ITB – Universitas Klabat Sulawesi Utara, 25 – 28 Februari 2015.

• Aradea, Iping Supriana, Kridanto Surendro, “Roadmap dan Area Penelitian Self-Adaptive Systems”, Seminar Nasional Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi, Universitas Maranatha Bandung, 9 April 2015.