session2.2 infra wolfgang widman

Criteria for a sustainable HydroPower development in Tyrol Development and Application for

a GIS based Hydropower Potential Determination

Project Final Meeting of SHARE - Sustainable Hydropower in Alpine River Ecosystems

24th of May 2012 in Aosta, Italy W. Widmann

SHARE – Project Final Meeting

Background

Goals

Development of Criteria

Process of Development

Example Criteria

Application in a GIS based HP Potential Determination

GIS Modell

HP Potential Determination

Results

Content

Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol


Changed boundary conditions for Hydropower development…

… 40 and more years ago

monopoly of utilities in energy sector

„Bevorzugter Wasserbau“ – priority rights for HPPs

Environmental protection had small weight in concessions

High value of energy sector interests

…today

High sensitivity for protection of environment

Liberalized energy sector

High value of environment sector interests


Background


Need for additional production of electricity by HPPs

increasing pressure

Austria imports since 2001 more electricity than it exports

Share of fossile electricity production is increasing

Background


-10.000

-5.000

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Wärmekraftwerke

Export-Import-Bilanz

Nettoimporttangente

Source: e-control

Termal Power Plant

Export-Import Balance

Net Import Tangent


Need for additional production of electricity by HPPs

increasing pressure

Austria imports since 2001 more electricity than it exports

Share of fossile electricity production is increasing

Austria cannot achieve Kyoto protocol goals

Energy Strategy Austria 2020 demands more HPPs

Energy of Tyrol demands more HPPs

Directive for Renewable Energy

Roadmap Energy 2050

Tyrol…

…has 40 to 50% of Austria‘s remaining Hydropower Potential

…planned projects do not proceed as necessary

criteria for sustainable HP-development are required


Background


CRITERIA ANSWER the questions …

1. WHERE to build HPPs = strategic level (regional programs, framwork plans, etc):

Identification of (sectors of) water bodys suitable for HPP development

2. HOW to build HPPs

= operative level (assessment of projects):

A balanced weighing of conflicting interests

equitable consideration of all dimensions of a HPP

objective assessment of projects

Considering energy sector, water basin managment, limnology,

regional planning and environmental aspects


Goals of Catalogue of Criteria


Criteria give NO ANSWER to questions:

IF HPPs are required

This would require comparison with other energy production options:

CO2 balance,

Energy balance

Electricity Network considerations, ….

HOW MANY HPPs are required

Demand prognosis considering

Energy saving

Reduction on dependance on fossile and nuclear production

Peakdemand ……


Goals

Workshop on HP & river biological indicators

Process of development


Catalogue of Criteria and HP-Potential Study

Start: March 2009 with experts of the tyrolean

government as well as private experts

Publication of 1st Draft: Dec 2009

Written responses till 28 Feb 2010

Discussions with NGOs, utilities and

stakeholders: april to december 2010

Publication and enactment by decision of

Tyrolean Government of 15 Mar 2011

HP-Potential study using a GIS Model was

executed in parallel


Requirements for all Criteria:

Can be quantified and objective allocated

Important and relevant

General applicable

Clear without ambuiguity and easy to explain

Can be categorized with reasonable effort

Allow differentiation for water bodies or projects

Additional requirements for modelable Criteria:

Availability of data for entire Tyrol

Data are available in a GIS-Format or can be easily integrated

Criteria and Data are mathematically modelable


Characteristics of Criteria



Final Catalogue of Criteria (March 15th 2011)

Sector

Criteria Weight

all modelable

No. No. % %

Energy 6 4 67% 25%

Water Resources Management 10 3 30% 18%

Regional Planning 10 3 30% 12%

Limnology 17 11 65% 22%

Environment 8 2 25% 23%

TOTAL 51 23 45% 100%



Criteria Energy Sector

modellable importance

Technoeconomical Aspects Yes ***

Efficiency of Energy Production Yes ***

Contribution to safety of supply Yes ***

Systemstability and Storage possibility Yes

Firm Energy Contribution No

Contribution to Climate Protection No ***

Grid Connection Yes *

Additional Effects / Synergies No **

Interaction with other HPPs

Synergies with existing components

Provision of regulating energy

Additional usage for Pumpstorage

Contribution to local Energypograms

Energy contribution to Transportation sector



Example Criterion: Technical and Economical Aspects

Evaluates the economical feasibility of the Hydropower Potential of a project

or a river section

eTW = Total Cost / Annual Production in € / (kWH/a)

Ja ….Modellable

*** …. high significance

Between 0 and 5 points depending on value of eTW



Example Criterion: Natural Balance

It evaluates the natural balance of the ecosystem

Are the natural conditions effected

How is the potential to rehabilitate the natural balance

It is not modellable

Quantification is done by evaluating the grade of impairment of natural

conditions


Each Criterion has points from it‘s evaluation

Each criterion has – according to it‘s importance- a weight

Climate-Protection-Bonus is added

Overall assessment for Energy-Economics is the result


Faculty Assessment: Energy Sector


The most sensitive criteria decide evaluation result

Add Climate Protection Bonus

Overall Assessment of Limnology is the result


Faculty Economics: Limnology

no sensitive criterion effected 5

1 sensitive criteria effected 4

1 very sensitive criterion effected (medium and low value) 3,5

1 very sensitive criterion effected (high value) 3

2 very sensitive criteria effected (low part value) 2,5

2 very sensitive criteria effected (medium value) 2

2 very sensitive criteria effected(high value) 1,5

>=3 very sensitive criteria effected (low value) 1

>=3 very sensitive criteria effected (medium value) 0,5

>=3 very sensitive criteria effected (minimum 2 of high

value or very good ecologic condition) 0


Energy


Overall Assessment

Energy

Water Recoures

Management

Environment

Limnology Regional Planning


Assessment of not yet exploited Hydro Potential in Tyrol

Theoretical Natural Hydro potential („ALP“)

= the Hydro Potential available in the nature

Technoeconomical Potential („TWP“)

= the feasible exploitable Hydro Potential considering todays

technologies and economical conditions

Integrativ Reasonable Potential („ISP“)

= the feasible exploitable Hydro Potential considering

technologies, economical and ecological conditions

Determination of Hydro Potential

Goals


Charakteristics of Area

Area Tyrol ~ 12.650 km²

Length of water bodies ~ 7.600 km

Existing Hydropower Plants

790 active HP-plants

22 large HP plants > 10 MW

Annual Production ~ 5.800 GWh/a


Basic Data


Hydrological Atlas Österreich (HAÖ)

Water Bodies

Catchement areas > 10 km²

4.200 km of 7.600 km

Topography

Laserscan plus „Digitales Höhen Modell (DHM) des

Bundesamts für Eich- und Vermessungswesen“

Existing Plants (> 1MW)

Intake and Outlet of HPPs - Shape Files TIRIS

Digital „Wasserbuch“

Hydropowerkataster

GIS Modell – Input Data




GIS Modell – Definition of Nodes

Downstream of

Confluences

Change of

water body

slope

Intakes and

Outlets



GIS Modell – Annual Runoff – aus HAÖ

Allocation of Runoff to each node

Calculation of

– Design Flow for HPP

– Useable Runoff

60% of total runoff for diversion plants

80% of total runoff for river power plants


Theoretical Natural Hydropotential

based on discharge and topography

ALP = ΣALPGs(f (QGs, ΔHGs)

QGs ... Discharge in a water body between 2 nodes

ΔHGs … Elevation difference between 2 nodes

Not considered:

Efficiencies,

Friction losses,

Residual flows

Results available for:

Each section of a water body

For complete water bodys, catchement areas and regions


Theoretical HydroPotential - Definition


Digital determination of all possible HPPs

Selection of technoeconomical feasible HPPs

Restrictions in size

Restriction in regard to costs

Restrictions due to existing HPPs

Filtering double usage of waterbodies

Filter criteria:

economics

size


Technoeconomical Feasible Potential - Definition


Theoretical HydroPotential


630.000 possible HPPs in Tyrol

selection required:

• no existing HPP > 1MW touched

• Capacity > 2 MW

• specific costs < 2,2 €/kWh

214 possibilities

with a radius of

25 km


Known for each HPP possibility:

Q ... discharge

H … height difference between intake and outlet

L … distance between intake and outlet

HPP costs = function (Q,H,L)

annual production = function (Q,H) considering efficiency, friction losses and residual flows.

Specific Costs:

HPP costs / annual production


Determination of Specific Costs


Technoeconomical Hydropotential: results per waterbody



Assessment of all water bodies in Tyrol with modelable criteria

Selection of better 50% of water bodies:

„Integrative Reasonable Potential“ - ISP


Determination of „Integrative Reasonable Potential“

Sector

Criteria Weight

all modelable

No. No. % %

Energy 6 4 67% 25%

WaterResources Management 10 3 30% 18%

Regional Planning 10 3 30% 12%

Limnology 17 11 65% 22%

Environment 8 2 25% 23%

TOTAL 51 23 45% 100%


Assessment of Criteria - „Natural value of water body“




Assessment of Criteria - „Minimum Flow > 50 l/s“



Overall Result – combination of all modelable criteria



Regional HydroPotential

RegionGWh km GWh km GWh km

Ausschlussgebiete 2.261 479 1.208 239 - -

Blaue Regionen 11.850 1.409 5.004 572 2.691 284

Grüne Regionen 5.813 1.460 1.302 388 788 183

Graue Regionen 2.261 948 759 265 54 26

SUMME (ohne Ausschlussgebiete) 19.924 3.817 7.065 1.225 3.534 493

ALP TWP ISP

Vorläufige Auswertung: Stand März 2011

INFRA Project Development GmbH

Ing.-Etzel-Strasse 17

6020 Innsbruck

Austria

T +43 512 267 880

F +43 512 267 887

E [email protected]

www.infra.at

Thank you !

session2.2 infra wolfgang widman

Technology

sustainable hp development

sustainable hpdevelopment

modelable criteria

tyrolgoals criteria

necessary criteria

parallelcatalogue of

integrated criteria

hpps energy of tyrol