session preview seed conditioning technology
TRANSCRIPT
1
Seed Science Center
Seed Conditioning Technology(Part 2 of 2)
Alan GaulSeed Conditioning [email protected]
Agronomy / Horticulture 338Seed Science and Technology
Fall 2017
© Copyright ISU Seed Science Center, duplication or distribution without written permission is prohibited
Seed Science Center
Session PreviewAdditional Process Details• Fluidized Bed Density Separation• Optical Detection & Separation
Seed Treatment• Basic Equipment Review• Calibration & Verification
Packaging and Quality Control• Typical Bagging Line Components• Bagging Scale Calibration
Pending Lab Discussion
Seed Science Center
Gravity Table Training History at ISU…
• Demo for ISU Agronomy class• Digital Signage for Workshops• WHO-TV Feature (Fall 2016)
WHO-TV Feature
Kiosk Display
Seed Science Center
Density Definition ReviewBulk Density (“Test Weight”)
• Weight of a given volume of seed, INCLUDING void spaces
• Seed size and shape effectsParticle Density (“Seed Density”)
• Weight of a seed volume EXCLUDING void spaces
• Independent of seed size & shapeSpecific Gravity
• Ratio of particle density to water (specific gravity of water = 1.0)
• Tabulated values for various crops
• Images courtesy of Seedburo and Micrometrics Instrument Corp.
Seed Science Center
Fluidization and Stratification• Air velocity causes vertical stratification
of product on the deck surface• Insufficient air will not cause stratification• Heavy particles sink to the bottom,
displacing light particles to the top layer• Depends on the interaction between
particles to obtain vertical separation• Excessive airflow adds too much energy
to the seed mass, causing “bubbling” and mixing of the product
• High airflow also lifts seed away from the deck, reducing traction and moving the pattern down the slope
Seed Science Center
Destoner
Seed Layer (3-7 Seeds Deep)
Heavy Seeds
Light Seeds
Eccentric DriveReciprocating
Perforated Deck
2
Seed Science Center
Gravity Separator
HeavyMediumLight
Density
Typical Separation Results:
Size
Shape
Mixture“Light” “Heavy”
Lot
Varia
tion
Hea
vy
Highest Corner
Lowest Corner Inlet
Seed Science Center
Soybean Separation ExamplesDowny MildewPeronospora manshurica
MechanicallyDamaged Soybeans
Shriveled Soybeans Soil Peds
Black Nightshade Shriveled Nightshade Separation
Seed Science Center
Corn Germination vs Gravity Table Fraction
INITIAL
LIGHT
Seed Science Center
•Gillette et al., 1999
• Gravity Light was a relatively small percentage of all size fractions• Fusarium concentration was greatest in small round seed sizes and
low density fractions within each seed size• Low density small round seed comprised only 3.2% of seed lot weight
but contained about 39.9% of total infected seeds
Fusarium spp. in Maize Seed
• Adapted from data provided by Dr. Gary Munkvold, ISU
Seed Science Center
Removal of Ergot from Barley
• Adam et al., 2004• Image provided courtesy of Dr. Gary Munkvold, ISU
• Compares Initial, Heavy, and Light Fractions• Gravity was very effective at removing ergot• Safe discard disposal may be a concern
Seed Science Center
Gravity Deck Configuration
Two common deck shapes• Rectangular deck
• Long path for light seed• Popular for seed applications
• Trapezoidal or Triangular deck• Long path for heavy seed• Used for applications that need
heavy product separation
Trapezoidal RectangularDeck Motion
3
Seed Science Center
Rectangular Deck Examples
• Images provided by the respective manufacturers listed
Oliver Mfg
Oliver Mfg Crippen Mfg
Cimbria-Heid
Arrow Corporation Modified Deck
Current Design
Inlet
Seed Science Center
Trapezoidal Deck Examples
• Images provided by the respective manufacturers listed
Forsberg
Forsberg
Triple/S Dynamics
LMC
Sutton & SteeleWestrup
Seed Science Center
Discharge Sampling LocationsBased on Quality Requirements • Typically based on Test Weight• Limit can be based on actual
values or other methods such as percent of overall range or transition points
Possible Sampling Locations:• Overall range between light and
heavy samples• Overall fraction average• Lightest or heaviest portion
within each fraction LightHeavy
ExtraHeavy
Stratification
Medium
Seed Science Center
Gravity Separator Middling Alternates• Possible Recovery of Good Seed
from Intermediate Fraction• Possible options:
• Run Middling with Heavy Seed• Store & Rerun Middling Later• Recirculate over Same Gravity• Reclaim using Second Gravity,
Color Sorter and/or Belt Separator
*** Minimize recirculation to increase net system capacity and reduce mechanical damage ***
Seed Science Center
Gravity Summary• Destoners and Gravity Separators use a vibrating fluidized bed to
“Float” lighter seed from heavy material.• A Destoner is tilted on one axis and produces a two way separation
between heavy and light product.• A Gravity Separator is tilted on two axis and produces a continuous
output range based on density. The operator selects the desired product from the gravity discharge using divider gates or valves.
• Destoners are commonly used to remove heavy foreign material, while gravity separators are used to remove lightweight low quality seed.
• Typical basic adjustments include Air, Speed, Side Slope, and End Slope.• Air and Speed tend to have opposite effects on the deck pattern.• Middling product is frequently re-circulated to minimize good seed loss.
• Proper Installation, Maintenance, and Adjustment are Critical to obtain good results from any destoner or gravity separator.
Seed Science Center
Cosmic and ɣ-Rays X-Rays
(UV) Vacuum
Ultraviolet(UV) Near Ultraviolet
VisibleLight
(NIR)Near
Infrared
(IR)Infrared
Microwave Radio
Color Sorting Technology• Visible, Near Infrared, or UV Light• Based on Color Differential• Light and Dark Separation• Remove Discolored & Broken Seed• Low Density may be Removed IF Discolored
Light Accepts
Dark Accepts
0.1 nm 200 nm 400 nm 750 nm 2 µm 50 µmλ
400 nm(Violet)
475 nm(Blue)
510 nm(Green)
570 nm(Yellow)
650 nm(Red)
445 nm (Indigo) 590 nm (Orange)
• Reference: www.science-edu.larc.nasa.gov
4
Seed Science Center
Color Sorter DefinitionsREJECTS
• Product diverted from main flow stream by sorting process ACCEPTS
• Flows directly through machine - NOT rejected by sorting process• Typically “good” seed for most applications• Should comprise the largest percentage for capacity and efficiency
DEFECTS• Undesirable product to be removed by sorting process• Usually quantified visually unless other methods are available
BAD to GOOD RATIO (B:G)• Ratio of “defects” to acceptable seeds in either “accepts” or “rejects”• Typically measured on reject product due to high defect concentration
Seed Science Center
Color Sorter Samples – SoybeansAccepts Rejects
Seed Science Center
Color Sort – Red & White Waxy Wheat
Red Wheat (81.9%) White Wheat (18.1%)
Seed Science Center
Color Sort Examples - Seed Corn
ACCEPTS REJECTS
ACCEPTS REJECTS
Yellow Dent Corn (2011, low trip level)
Seed Science Center
Color Sorter – Sunflower (bichromatic)Clean Seed Foreign Material
& Discolored Seed
Sclerotia vs Sunflower
* Image courtesy of Thomas.Gulya USDA / ARSSeed Science Center
Color Sorter FunctionsCONVEYANCE (FEEDING)
• Single stream of seeds flowing past sensors• Uniform high seed velocity to obtain required capacity• Seeds must be spaced apart for efficient separation
DETECTION• Line cameras or other optical sensors• Seed is typically viewed against a colored background• Signal is compared to preset dark and / or light levels
EJECTION• Compressed air ejectors used to reject product from stream• Ejector timing is critical to maintain separation efficiency
5
Seed Science Center
Color Selection & Optical Layout
Transmittance
Light source
Sample Optional Filter
Reflectance
Light source
Sample
Line Scan Camera
Light source
- Front View - - Rear View -
Line Scan Camera
Optional Filter
Optional Filter
Camera
Seed Science Center
Filter Selection Examples
Dark & Broken Dark &
Broken (red streak)
Broken Corn
Dark (brown, black, green)
Dark (brown, black, purple)
Dark, Yellow Dent Corn
Seed Science Center
Camera Configuration & Color Mapping
MonochromaticShared Camera
MonochromaticIndependent Cameras
Bi-chromaticColor Mapping
Light Reject
Dark Reject Dark
Reject
Light Reject
Accepts
AcceptsAccepts
Trip Lines
Accept Region
Red-Green Filters
Red-Blue Filters
Good Product
Dark Defects
Light Defects
Light Trip
Dark Trip
Probability Distribution
Current trend toward RGB designsSeed Science Center
Sortex Z+ Series Color Sorter
• Diagram provided courtesy of Buhler Sortex, Inc.
Rear Cameras
Front Cameras
Hopper & Feeder
Ejectors
Rejects Accepts
Seed Science Center
Corn Reject – Multiple Color Defect Levels
• Three Dark Color Defect Levels• One Light Color Defect Level• Light Trip is typically used to remove
broken corn• Frequently limited by bright kernels
Low Medium High
LightSeed Science Center
Dark Trip = 548 Graded Rejects
Dark Trip Level = 700 Graded Accepts
Dark Trip Level = 700 Graded Rejects
Recent Lab Samples
6
Seed Science Center
Color Sort – Selected Dark DefectsAccepts Rejects
Hand Selected from Rejects
Seed Science Center
Multiple Pass Sort – Coffee Beans
Seed Science Center
Typical Resort System
Incoming Product
Primary Sort
Secondary (Resort)
Color Sorter
• Multiple color sorters or split machine
• Adjust Primary Sensitivity to yield good final product
• Primary Sort Rejects are resorted to reclaim seed
• Adjust Resort Sensitivity to minimize good seed loss
• Resort Rejects to Discard• Resort Accepts Blended
with Incoming Product
• Lifts primary reject, secondary accepts• Good final quality, minimal seed loss
R A A
DiscardFinal Product
R
Seed Science Center
Sortex Z+ Installation
Primary and Resort Operations
Seed Science Center
Resort Example - CornIncoming Product Primary Rejects Resort Rejects
Resort AcceptsPrimary Accepts • Simulated Resort Samples• Primary Sort Rejects are
Resorted to Reclaim Seed• Resort Rejects to Discard• Resort Accepts Blended
with Incoming Product• Output Similar to Primary
Accept Sample Shown
1 2
IG
D
Seed Science Center
Primary and Secondary SortIncoming Product
Primary Sort
Secondary Sort
Color Sorter(s)
R A ASecondary
DiscardFinal
Product
• Multiple color sorters or single split machine
• Adjust Primary Sensitivity to minimize good seed in reject
• Primary Accepts are resorted again to remove more defects
• Adjust Resort Sensitivity to yield acceptable Final Product
• Both Rejects to Discard• Used with high initial defect rates• Better final quality - critical applications
RPrimary Discard
7
Seed Science Center
Dark Hilum Removal – Two Stage Sort
Accepts (96.2%,1.9% defects) Rejects (3.8%, 98.1% defects)
• Initial Sorting Efficiency ~ 66.8%• Overall Sorting Efficiency ~ 89.8%
Accepts (92.3%, 0.92% defects) Rejects (3.9%, 96.4% defects)
1
2
Seed Science Center
Color Sort – Black Soybeans
Primary Reject(bichromatic)
Secondary Reject(monochromatic)
Secondary Accept(Final product)
Seed Science Center
Buhler Sortex Color Sorters
A Series Color Sorting Equipment
Seed Science Center
Satake Color Sorter Examples
40 Channel RGB 80 Channel RGB
40 Channel Mono
Optical Cabinet•Traditionally mono or bi-chromatic designs•Newer machines are RGB (“true color”) systems
Seed Science Center
Additional Color Sorters
Cimbria (SEA)Delta Technology
AMVT Petkus
• Multiple machines based on recent ASTA CSS Seed Expo Exhibits and related communications
Oliver (ASM)(now Sesotec)
Seed Science Center
Recent Small Batch Sorter Introductions
VMEKOliver (ASM)
(now Sesotec)SATAKE USA
8
Seed Science Center
Color Sorting Summary• Can use visible, near infrared (NIR), or ultraviolet (UV) light• Most current seed applications use monochromatic reflected light• Two way separation products - Accepts and Rejects• Separation based on gray scale intensity in selected wavelengths• Can be equipped for simultaneous light and dark separation• Finishing machine used to remove discolored & broken seed• Lightweight or shriveled seed may be removed IF also discolored• Rapidly evolving technology with potential for improvement
Color sorting is a useful tool when appropriate for the application, operators are properly trained, and adequate maintenance and support can be provided
Seed Science Center
Commercial Seed Treating Equipment
• Designed for production plants• Gradual trend toward batch operation• Sophisticated chemical handling• Relatively complex & expensive
• Some images courtesy of USC, LLC and BCS/Gustafson
Seed Science Center
Ag Retail Treater Installations
• Dealer applied treatment• Bulk seed handling• Short treating season• Price sensitive designs
Bulk Containers Outdoor Installation
Portable Installation
• Trailer image courtesy of USC, LLCSeed Science Center
Seed Treatment Chemicals
Chemical Forms:• Powder (dust) • Slurry (suspension)• Liquid coatings
Common Seed Treatment Products• Polymers• Inoculants• Colorants
• Fungicides• Insecticides• Nematicides• Avicides
Seed Science Center
Application Rates• Obtained from Product Label• Ratio of Chemical to Seed Amounts• Units can be Volume or Weight Based• Typical Application requires Multiple Rates
+ + ++
Seed Science Center
Premix Tank Batch Formulation• Find Label Rate and Density for Each Chemical Required• Estimate Total Slurry Application Rate• Calculate Dilution Water Rate (Total less Sum of Chemicals)• Estimate Seed Weight or Quantity to be Treated per Batch• Calculate Product Required for Each Tank
• Batch Volume is the Sum of Product Volumes• Batch Weight is the Sum of Product Weights
• Image courtesy of Gustafson (BCS)
+ + +
9
Seed Science Center
Premix Tank Formulation Example
• Data Courtesy of Gustafson Equipment (BCS)
Total Slurry Rate
Total Seed to Treat
Dilution Water
Individual Product
Seed Science Center
Automatic Batch Preparation• Similar to traditional batch methods• Computer controlled pumps & valves• Transfer pump for each chemical• Typically metered by weight using
single or multiple scales• Optional 2nd tank (continuous flow)
+ + +
Chemical Tanks Pumps Batch and Holding Tanks
Seed Treater
Custom System
Small Batch System
Seed Science Center
GLCPS
Automatic Inline Slurry Mixing• Primary chemicals mixed
continuously• Parallel operation, multiple pumps• Typically metered by volume, possibly
including flow meter for feedback• Static mixer combines products prior
to chemical application
+ + +
Chemical Tanks Pumps
Static Mixer
Seed Treater
On Demand™ System
Seed Science Center
General Calibration ProcedureDetermine Application Rate
• Per Cwt: oz/cwt or cubic cm/cwt• Per Seed: mg of AI per seed
Calculate & Test Seed Rate• Weigh actual seed output
Calculate & Set Chemical Rate• Check test volume or weight
Verify Proper Seed Coverage• Adjust application & mixing time
Confirm Actual Rate based on Seed and Chemical Usage
Seed Science Center
Review - Seed Treating ProcessChemicalSupply
SeedSupply
ChemicalMetering
SeedMetering
Primary Application
Secondary Application
Drying and Absorption
• ISU Seed Treatment PAT Manual, June 2010
Proportion Control
Seed Science Center
Basic Treating Equipment Designs
Automatic Batch
Continuous Flow
Automatic Batch• Lower Capacity• High Chemical
Application Rates• Flexible - Multiple
Chemical Layers
Continuous Flow• High Capacity
• Low to Medium Application Rates
• Single Treatment Chemical Layer
• Images courtesy of Gustafson (BCS)
10
Seed Science Center
Seed Metering Systems
• Gravity Operated Weigh Pans with Adjustable Counterweight Arm
• Computerized Inline or Belt Scales• Volumetric Rotating Seed Wheel
VolumeWeight
Seed Science Center
Chemical Metering Systems
• Weigh Arm Chemical Cups• Volumetric Rotary Discs• Variable Speed Metering Pumps• Volumetric Tubes (batch verify)• Flow Meters (volume or weight)• “Loss in Weight” Batch Scales
WeightVolume Flow Meter
Seed Science Center
GLCPS Treating System
• Chemical Tanks & Scales• Inline Product Scale• Rotary Chemical Application• Rotary Hex Drum
Seed Science Center
Laboratory Batch Treaters
Sample treatment methods:• Zip-Loc bag or coffee can• Planter magazine treater• “Cement Mixer” rotating drum
• Direct chemical application• Rotostat
• Vertical drum with rotary bottom• Atomizing disk chemical
applicationCC-LAB
HEGE 11
BLT HEGE 12
BMC• Images courtesy of Cimbria-Heid, Wintersteiger, and Gustafson (BCS)
Seed Science Center
Batch Treating Systems
• Mixing bowl speed set at minimum level required for proper mixing
• Dual mixing vanes to “fold” product inward, avoid atomizing disk contact
• Images courtesy of Cimbria-HeidSeed Science Center
Batch Treating Systems
• Images Courtesy of Gustafson Equipment (BCS)
Too Slow Correct Too Fast
11
Seed Science Center
Typical “Loss in Weight” Installation
• Treater, Premix Tanks, and Loss in Weight Chemical Metering System
Seed Science Center
Treatment Rate Verification• Periodic Tests to Check Accuracy • Seed & Chemical Usage Records• Calculate ACTUAL chemical rate applied• Adjust Equipment to Desired Rate• Select Reasonable Sampling Interval
• Image Courtesy of Gustafson Equipment (BCS)
Sample AT LEAST once per lot or shift, NOT averaged over entire conditioning season
Seed Science Center
Secondary DryingTreatment dryer applications• Small, high value seeds• Very high liquid application rates
Typical dryer designs• Belt or vibratory conveyors• Natural or heated air• Conventional or fluidized bed
Advantages:• Relatively fast & uniform drying
Disadvantages:• Initial and operating costs• Disposal of contaminated air
• Images courtesy of INCOTEC and Oliver Mfg.
Fluidized Bed Dryers
Seed Science Center
Chamber & Collection Bottle
Dust-Off Control & Monitoring
• Quantify dust-off during sample handling• Loose dust particles captured in filter• Filter results are used for analysis• Apparent “standard” in Europe (ESTA)
Heubach Dustmeter
Dust Filter
Large Chamber
Seed Science Center
Treatment Summary• Label rate is the proportion of chemical to seed • Application rates may need to be converted to
alternate units of measurement for calculations• Key issues are batch vs continuous flow and
metering methods used for chemical and seed• Minimize excess abrasion during secondary mixing
and drying operations to limit dust-off• Verify actual applied rate in a timely manner• Careful application and mixing procedures can
provide superior treating results
Seed Science Center
References & AcknowledgementsIA Commercial Pesticide Applicator Series:
• Core Manual• Category 4 (Seed Treatment) Manual
Bayer CropScience / Gustafson Equipment Division – Shakopee, Minnesota
USC, LLC – Sabetha, Kansas
Direct Enterprises, Inc. – Westfield, Indiana
West Central Cooperative – Boone, Iowa
12
Seed Science Center
Packaging
Bulk Bag Filling
Conventional Bag Filling
Package Type Factors:• Market Requirements• Volumetric Issues• Desired Automation• Downstream Handling
Equipment Availability
Seed Science Center
Typical Large Seed PackagesBag Styles• Open mouth bags• Valve pack bags• Paper, plastic, poly-wovenBulk Containers• Bulk bags• Plastic bulk boxes• Other bulk seed methods
Seed Science Center
Basic Bagging LinePrimary Components:• Overhead hopper• Bagging scale• Closing conveyor• Bag top forming area• Manual tag placement• Sew head or heat sealer• Coding wheel or Inkjet• Bag turning device• Bag incline conveyor
• Common configuration for smaller bagging operations• Capacity is typically limited to a maximum of 5-7 bags per minute• Manual operations typically limit throughput during extended operation
Belt Travel
Sew Line Height
Seed Science Center
Bagging Scale TypesGross Weigh• Product weighed in bag• Lower cost hardware• Less height required• Limited capacity• Frequently less accurateNet Weigh• Product weighed overhead• Relative complex hardware• Substantial space required• Needed for higher capacity• Usually more accurate• Single or duplex designs
• Images courtesy of Taylor Products and Express Scale
Seed Science Center
Bulk Bagging Scale Types
• Product pre-weighed in hopper• Bag or box located on platform• Dual automatic staging valves
• Product weighed in package• Bag or box supported by scale• Manual or automatic valve
BaggingBin
BulkBag
Scale
Valve
WeighHopper
BulkBag
Platform
Valve
Scale
Valve
Gross Weigh Net Weigh
• Images courtesy of Chantland-MHSSeed Science Center
Multiple Stage FillingSingle Stage Filling
• Speed vs Accuracy Issues• Need low speed for accuracy• “Overshoot” at higher fill speed
Two Stage Filling• “Bulk and Dribble” operation• High initial rate for speed• Reduced rate near target• Used to increase accuracy for
operation at higher speedCommon Configurations
• Gravity Bulk, Gravity Dribble• Gravity Bulk, Vibrator Dribble• Gravity Bulk, Belt Dribble• Gravity Bulk, Screw Dribble
TIME
WEI
GH
T
Target
• Images courtesy of Taylor Products, Slidell, and Express Scale
13
Seed Science Center
Bagging Scale Calibration• Calibrated using known weight and a certified scale• Finished bag weights should be verified periodically• Some scales can check scale calibration during operation
using an automatic internal weight mechanism• Scale accuracy is typically rated at 2σ (ex: +/- 0.75 oz)• Target weight is increased to reduce percent of packages
below Maximum Allowable Variation (MAV) levels• Relatively expensive scales may be more economical due to
reduced product required to meet regulatory limits
µ+2σµµ-2σ
0.9545
Target
MAV
Offset
Scale Rating Weight OffsetCheck Weigh Scales
• Image courtesy of Chantland MHSSeed Science Center
Packaging by Seed Quantity• Seed companies traditionally sold corn by count & soybeans by weight• Recent trends are moving toward selling soybeans by seed count• Large seed bags are actually filled by weight, not seed count• Bag weight calculations are estimates based on counted seed samples• Can lead to potential errors due to variability in sampling, seed counter
variation, seed size, seed moisture, and many other factors• Care is needed to maintain compliance without excess product costs
• Images courtesy of IMD and DuBois Engineering
Seed Science Center
Bagging Scale Calibration Comments• AVERAGE BAG CONTENTS for the lot SHOULD EQUAL OR
EXCEED unit quantity shown on the package label• INDIVIDUAL BAG CONTENTS should exceed unit quantity
less the applicable MAV for the package labeling method used
• The MAV value is at least partially intended to compensate for sampling and testing variance during inspection procedures.
• Methods shown neglect inherent variance in sampling, seed count, and check weigh scale accuracy
• Many conditioners adjust to provide an additional safety factor when calculating bag target weights.
Seed Science Center
Tag Placement• Tags are typically added during bag closing• May be sewn or attached with adhesive• Multiple tags are frequently used• Tag handling can be labor intensive• Manual applications frequently used a “tag
lifter” with concentric tubes & low pressure vacuum source
• Automatic tag placers are also available• Tag size and consistency can be critical
• Images courtesy of Tag-All and Thiele Technology
Seed Science Center
Closing & Sealing
Sew Head Designs• Portable or stationary applications
Heat Sealer• Heated band or hot air• Requires bag with heat sensitive glue line
• Images courtesy of Fischbein and Doboy Seed Science Center
Bag Coding and Printing
• Used to print text above sew line• Coding wheel is simple and lower cost• Inkjet coders are more expensive but feature programmable text, multiple font sizes, and more flexible text and graphic configuration
ImajeKey-Mat
14
Seed Science Center
Bag Closing Conveyors• Used to support and transport filled bags past the
closing, bag top forming, and labeling equipment• Vee trough conveyors can provide better support but are
more complex and expensive• Support rails are also commonly used for tall bags• Height adjustment for use of multiple bag lengths• Belt speed is determined by required bagging rate
• Images courtesy of Taylor Industries and Express ScaleSeed Science Center
Palletizing Methods
Manual Palletizing• Shown with stacker & bull pen
Conventional Palletizer• Partial or full auto layer forming
Robotic Palletizer• Flexible, Possible space savings
• Images courtesy of Chantland MHS
Seed Science Center
De-Palletizing & Re-Bagging
Metal-FabProductSaver
Seed Science Center
Packaging Summary• Typically the final operation before warehousing or shipment
• Provides convenience, product protection, ease of shipment, product identification, and advertising visibility
• Common package types include small containers, open mouth and valve pack bags, bulk bags, and plastic bulk boxes
• Typical equipment includes a bagging scale, conveyor, closing device, and provisions for labeling and tagging finished package
• Packages are often palletized for ease of handling and shipment
• Similar operations can also be used to empty returned packages• Final package appearance can be a critical marketing factor
Seed Science Center
Pending Lab Equipment Demo - SoybeansSoybean Process:• Air-Screen Cleaner
• Spiral Separator
• Gravity Separator
• Color Sorter
• Seed Treater
• (Packaging)
Seed Science Center
Pending Lab Equipment Demo - Wheat
• Air Screen Cleaner• Indent Cylinder• Gravity Separator• (Treater & Bagger)
15
Seed Science Center
Pending Lab Equipment Operations• Cleaner Screen Selection – “bin run” soybeans
• Cleaner Sample Analysis – split removal efficiency
• Rotary Spiral Speed Test – discard, split, oblong %
• Bag Weight Estimate & Seed Count Variability
• Bag Weight Variability - vary bulk/dribble setting
Seed Science Center
1 – Cleaner Screen Selection
• Select one of four “bin run” samples
• Divide into two subsamples (round/slot)
• Sieve - sequential screen stacks (3-5 min)
• Weigh and document product in each screen fraction (note any low quality mat’l)
Paired Groups – share round/flat data
Seed Science Center
2 – Cleaner Sample Analysis
• Select 1 of 4 discard samples
• Note sample weight & time
• Sieve sample using 10/64” slot
• Record “over” and “thru” weights
Seed Science Center
3 - Rotary Spiral Separator• Run one sample at listed RPM• Record run time & sample weights• Obtain: Seed Count, Oblong, &
Split concentration (OptiCount)• Calculate: % Discard by Fraction,
Split & Oblong Removal Efficiency• Share data to compare speeds
Rotary Spiral Separator
Seed Science Center
4 – Bag Weight & Counter Variability
Samples prepared & data provided
4
Seed Science Center
Station 5: Net Weigh Bagging Scale
• Review basic components and operation• Adjust to approximate “dribble” time listed• Collect and weigh a total of five (5) “packages”• Given: Additional values from remaining groups• Calculate: MAV and minimum package weights• Check: Which levels met NIST requirements?
Express Scale 5GV
Vibrator
Prelim
16
Seed Science Center
Seed Conditioning Lab – Lower LevelDust FilterLMC Gravity
Scale
Stairs
Station 1
N
Station 2
Equipment Table
Equipment Table
Workbench
Cabi
net
Cabi
net
Cabi
net
Scale
Harada Belt Separator
Scale
Temporary Sample Storage Cabinet
BMC
Batc
hTr
eate
r
WestrupAir-Screen Cleaner
Tool Box
Wes
trup
Brus
hing
M
achi
ne
Fors
berg
D
esto
ner
Wes
trup
Belt
Sepa
rato
r
Rotary Spiral
Air-Oven Dryer
Bagging Scale
HeidGravity
Elec
tric
al P
anel
SortexColor Sorter
Forsberg 40V GravityOliver Voyager
Gravity
Crippen H-434 Air-Screen Cleaner
Seed Receiving Area
Catw
alk
Catwalk
Catw
alk
and
Stai
rs
Mitc
hell
Leg
Leg
4
Station 5
Shop Equipment
Pilot Plant – Lower Level Small Equipment Lab
Stein Shaker
Screen Shaker
Station B.c
Carter-Day Lab Indent
IMD Seed Counter
Divider
Imag
ing
Coun
ter
Station B.b
Scale
Hege Seed Treater
Cleaner Samples
Station 3
Station 4
Station B.a
El-C
on
Leg
Scale
Ball Seed Counter
Laptop
Seed Science Center
Mezzanine Level
Seed Conditioning Lab – Upper Level
ScaleStairs
N
Profile Spiral
Carter-Day 1VT Sizers
Carter-Day 1VT Sizers
Stai
rs
Mitc
hell
Leg
Leg
4
Pilot Plant – Upper Level
Crane BayDust Filter Dust Filter
Leg
1
Cabinet
Satake IE Color Sorter
Forsberg TKV-25 Gravity
Table
Gustafson GLCPS Treater
Satake DE Color Sorter
Carter-Day Fractionating
Aspirator
Storage Shelving
Cart
er-D
ay
#3
Uni
iflow
Location Sequence:1) Screen selection (outer room)2) Cleaner analysis (outer room)3) Rotary spiral (outer room)4) Seed counter (lower level)5) Bagging Scale (lower level)
Oliv
er 2
12 S
izer
Seed Science Center
References & Acknowledgements•Seed Conditioning – Technology. Volume 2A-B. Gregg, B.R. 2010•Seed Processing and Handling. Vaughn, Gregg & Delouche. 1968•Managing Grain After Harvest, Bern. 2005 (AE 469/569 textbook)•Seed Science and Agronomy Department archives•ISU Seed Science workshop presentations (2006-2013)•Various websites, including www.gipsa.usda.gov (seed images)•Various Industry Brochures, Operator’s Manuals, and Discussions:• Advanced Sort Industries – Seymour, IN• AEC Enterprises – St. Charles, Iowa• ArrowCorp, Inc. – Winnipeg, Manitoba• Ball-Coleman (STS) – Chicago, IL• Buhler Sortex – Stockton, CA• Carter-Day Int’l – Minneapolis, MN• Cimbria Bratney Co. – Urbandale, IA• Crippen Manufacturing – St. Louis, MI• Forsbergs, Inc. – Thief River Falls, MN
• Harada Sangyo – Ageo, Saitama, Japan• LMC Manufacturing – Donalsonville, GA• Kice Manufacturing – Wichita, KS• Oliver Mfg. – Rocky Ford, CO• Profile Industries – Rogers, MN• Westrup USA – Dallas, TX• Satake USA – Stafford, TX• Seedburo – Chicago, IL• Universal Industries – Cedar Falls, IA
Seed Science Center
** Thanks for your continued support for the ISU Seed Conditioning Program**
ISU Seed Science Center