session 6: pre- and post-modification aalto university language centre
TRANSCRIPT
Session 6:
Pre- and Post-modification
Aalto University Language Centre
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Exercise 6-1:
Exercise 6-1:
1. ____ All the employees, who failed to come to work today, will be fired.
2. ____ All the employees who failed to come to work today will be fired.
3. ____ All the employees failing to come to work today will be fired.
a. Those of you who stayed on the job today will get a special bonus for your loyalty to the company.
b. The whole factory went on an illegal strike today, and you must all face the consequences.
a.
b.
a.
(who failed to come to work today)
Exercise 6-1:
4. ____ The university servers which crashed on Saturday evening will be replaced with newer models.
5. ____ The university servers, which crashed on Saturday evening, will be replaced with newer models.
6. ____ The university servers that crashed on Saturday evening will be replaced with newer models.
7. ____ The university servers, that crashed on Saturday evening, will be replaced with newer models.
8. ____ The university servers crashing on Saturday evening will be replaced with newer models
c. All of the servers crashed, so we will need to replace all of them.
d. Only a couple of servers actually went down, so we will not need to replace too many.
c.
d.
d.
d.
(which crashed on Saturday evening)
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Exercise 6-2:
1. Engineers who design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers.
2. Computer software engineers who are also referred to as software developers or software programmers are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications.
3. One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components.
4. Electronics is a branch of electrical engineering which deals with devices which use electricity for control of processes.
5. Gravitational forces are simply an attraction that occurs between any two physical objects.
1. Engineers who design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers.
2. Computer software engineers who are also referred to as software developers or software programmers are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications.
3. One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components.
4. Electronics is a branch of electrical engineering which deals with devices which use electricity for control of processes.
5. Gravitational forces are simply an attraction that occurs between any two physical objects.
1. Engineers who design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers.
2. Computer software engineers, who are also referred to as software developers or software programmers, are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications.
3. One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components.
4. Electronics is a branch of electrical engineering which deals with devices which use electricity for control of processes.
5. Gravitational forces are simply an attraction that occurs between any two physical objects.
1. Engineers who design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers.
2. Computer software engineers, who are also referred to as software developers or software programmers, are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications.
3. One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology, which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components.
4. Electronics is a branch of electrical engineering which deals with devices that use electricity for control of processes.
5. Gravitational forces are simply an attraction that occurs between any two physical objects.
1. Engineers who design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers.
2. Computer software engineers, who are also referred to as software developers or software programmers, are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications.
3. One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology, which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components.
4. Electronics is a branch of electrical engineering which deals with devices that use electricity for control of processes.
5. Gravitational forces are simply an attraction that occurs between any two physical objects.
1. Engineers who design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers.
2. Computer software engineers, who are also referred to as software developers or software programmers, are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications.
3. One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology, which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components.
4. Electronics is a branch of electrical engineering which deals with devices using electricity for control of processes.
5. Gravitational forces are simply an attraction that occurs between any two physical objects.
1. Engineers who design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers.
2. Computer software engineers, who are also referred to as software developers or software programmers, are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications.
3. One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology, which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components.
4. Electronics is a branch of electrical engineering which deals with devices using electricity for control of processes.
5. Gravitational forces are simply an attraction that occurs between any two physical objects.
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Exercise 6-2:6. Comet Shoemaker-Levy which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994 had a mass of
roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s.
7. Virtually every person who has driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts.
8. Wind power can provide an attractive product to customers who are seeking “green” power.
9. The hazards which have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel.
10.An antielectron which is also known as a positron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge.
6. Comet Shoemaker-Levy, which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s.
7. Virtually every person who has driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts.
8. Wind power can provide an attractive product to customers who are seeking “green” power.
9. The hazards which have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel.
10.An antielectron which is also known as a positron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge.
6. Comet Shoemaker-Levy, which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s.
7. Virtually every person who has driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts.
8. Wind power can provide an attractive product to customers who are seeking “green” power.
9. The hazards which have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel.
10.An antielectron which is also known as a positron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge.
6. Comet Shoemaker-Levy, which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s.
7. Virtually every person who has driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine, which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts.
8. Wind power can provide an attractive product to customers who are seeking “green” power.
9. The hazards which have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel.
10.An antielectron which is also known as a positron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge.
6. Comet Shoemaker-Levy, which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s.
7. Virtually every person who has driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine, which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts.
8. Wind power can provide an attractive product to customers who are seeking “green” power.
9. The hazards which have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel.
10.An antielectron which is also known as a positron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge.
6. Comet Shoemaker-Levy, which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s.
7. Virtually every person who has driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine, which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts.
8. Wind power can provide an attractive product to customers who are seeking “green” power.
9. The hazards which have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel.
10.An antielectron which is also known as a positron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge.
6. Comet Shoemaker-Levy, which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s.
7. Virtually every person who has driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine, which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts.
8. Wind power can provide an attractive product to customers who are seeking “green” power.
9. The hazards which have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel.
10.An antielectron which is also known as a positron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge.
6. Comet Shoemaker-Levy, which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s.
7. Virtually every person who has driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine, which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts.
8. Wind power can provide an attractive product to customers who are seeking “green” power.
9. The hazards which have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel.
10.An antielectron, which is also known as a positron, is a subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge.
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Language Centre
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Exercise 6-3:
1. Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system.
2. Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean.
3. The amount of available uranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery.
4. The amount of uranium available to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery.
5. The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy.
6. A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller.
Exercise 6-3:
1. Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system.
2. Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean.
3. The amount of available uranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery.
4. The amount of uranium available to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery
5. The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy.
6. A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller.
Reduced form of active form ”that use”
Exercise 6-3:
1. Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system.
2. Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean.
3. The amount of available uranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery.
4. The amount of uranium available to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery
5. The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy.
6. A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller.
Reduced form of passive form ”that is used”
Exercise 6-3:
1. Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system.
2. Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean.
3. The amount of available uranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery.
4. The amount of uranium available to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery
5. The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy.
6. A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller.
Reduced form of ”that is available”
Exercise 6-3:
1. Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system.
2. Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean.
3. The amount of available uranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery.
4. The amount of uranium available to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery.
5. The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy.
6. A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller.
Reduced form of ”that is available”
Exercise 6-3:
1. Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system.
2. Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean.
3. The amount of available uranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery.
4. The amount of uranium available to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price (that) users are prepared to pay for its recovery.
5. The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy.
6. A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller.
Informal/ spoken deletion
of ”that”
Exercise 6-3:
1. Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system.
2. Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean.
3. The amount of available uranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery.
4. The amount of uranium available to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery.
5. The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy.
6. A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller.
Reduced form of passive form
”that is required”
Reduced form of ”that are in”
Exercise 6-3:
1. Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system.
2. Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean.
3. The amount of available uranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery.
4. The amount of uranium available to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery.
5. The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy.
6. A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller.
Reduced form of ”which has”
Exercise 6-4:
1. Today, the IC engine that is most widely used is the spark-ignition gasoline engine.
2. The Otto cycle is the theoretical cycle that is commonly used to represent the processes which are in the spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engine.
3. While the performance of the two machines is found to be essentially the same, the single-shaft machine is sometimes preferred in applications that have fixed operating conditions where good part-load performance that happens over a range of speeds is not important.
Exercise 6-4:
1. Today, the IC engine that is most widely used is the spark-ignition gasoline engine.
2. The Otto cycle is the theoretical cycle that is commonly used to represent the processes which are in the spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engine.
3. While the performance of the two machines is found to be essentially the same, the single-shaft machine is sometimes preferred in applications that have fixed operating conditions where good part-load performance that happens over a range of speeds is not important.
1. Today, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine.
2. The Otto cycle is the theoretical cycle that is commonly used to represent the processes which are in the spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engine.
2. The Otto cycle is the theoretical cycle commonly used to represent the processes in the spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engine.
3. While the performance of the two machines is found to be essentially the same, the single-shaft machine is sometimes preferred in applications that have fixed operating conditions where good part-load performance that happens over a range of speeds is not important.
3. While the performance of the two machines is found to be essentially the same, the single-shaft machine is sometimes preferred in applications with fixed operating conditions where good part-load performance happening over a range of speeds is not important.
Exercise 6-4:
6. It is well known that the two planets that are closest to the sun have average temperatures higher than those of the Earth and that the outer planets are colder because of the inverse square law of radiative transfer of the sun's radiation field.
4. We are living in a world that is rapidly changing and that requires continuous adaptation of old technologies and the development of new ones.
5. All human activities involve conversion of energy from one form to another. The human body, through complex processes, transforms the chemical energy which has been stored in food into external motion and work that will be produced by muscles as well as electrical impulses that control and activate internal functions.
4. We are living in a world that is rapidly changing and that requires continuous adaptation of old technologies and the development of new ones.
4. We are living in a rapidly changing world that requires continuous adaptation of old technologies and the development of new ones.
4. We are living in a world rapidly changing and requiring continuous adaptation of old technologies and the development of new ones.
5. All human activities involve conversion of energy from one form to another. The human body, through complex processes, transforms the chemical energy which has been stored in food into external motion and work that will be produced by muscles as well as electrical impulses that control and activate internal functions.
6. It is well known that the two planets that are closest to the sun have average temperatures higher than those of the Earth and that the outer planets are colder because of the inverse square law of radiative transfer of the sun's radiation field.
5. All human activities involve conversion of energy from one form to another. The human body, through complex processes, transforms the chemical energy which has been stored in food into external motion and work that will be produced by muscles as well as electrical impulses that control and activate internal functions.
6. It is well known that the two planets Ø closest to the sun have average temperatures higher than those of the Earth and that the outer planets are colder because of the inverse square law of radiative transfer of the sun's radiation field.
5. All human activities involve conversion of energy from one form to another. The human body, through complex processes, transforms the chemical energy stored in food into external motion and work produced by muscles as well as electrical impulses controlling and activating internal functions.
Exercise 6-5: Advanced use of relatives A. The list will be pre-populated with the address the client provided.
The list will be pre-populated with the address (that) the client provided.
… with the address which was provided by the client.
The list will be pre-populated with the address provided by the client.
Exercise 6-5:
A. The list will be pre-populated with the address (that) the client provided.
B. I found the report. Jukka wrote it.
C. A number of suggestions were made at the meeting. Most of them were not very practical.
D. He acted in a famous movie. I don't remember the name of it now.
E. Choose the e-mail address that the welcome message will be sent to.
The list will be pre-populated with the address provided by the client.
I found the report written by Jukka.
A number of suggestions were made at the meeting, most of which were not very practical.
He acted in a famous movie, the name of which I don't remember now.
Choose the e-mail address to which the welcome message will be sent.
Exercise 6-6:
1. Vehicles that fuel cells power combine the attractive advantages of battery-powered cars and the convenience of an internal combustion engine.
Vehicles powered by fuel cells combine the attractive advantages of battery-powered cars and the convenience of an internal combustion engine.
2. The options and advantages computers provide are endless.
3. In order to function well, the virtual communities which the Internet supports depend upon rules of conduct, the same as any society.
The options and advantages provided by computers are endless..
In order to function well, the virtual communities supported by the Internet depend upon rules of conduct, the same as any society.
Exercise 6-6:
4. The 75-kW power unit converts fuel into electric power with an efficiency of approximately 40%. Nearly 2,837 kcal of fuel energy is consumed for each kilowatt-hour the system delivers.
The 75-kW power unit converts fuel into electric power with an efficiency of approximately 40%. Nearly 2,837 kcal of fuel energy is consumed for each kilowatt-hour delivered by the system.
5. There is an important difference between the CO2 which nature produces and that which human activities emit.
6. This program builds a log of the queries a user has given, the results Google has returned, the result the user has clicked on, and the summaries, titles and ranks of the results Google has presented.
There is an important difference between the CO2 produced by nature and that emitted by human activities.
This program builds a log of the queries given by a user, the results returned by Google, the result clicked by the user, and the summaries, titles and ranks of the results presented by Google.
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Options for modifying a noun
Noun phrase
Premodifiers Head Postmodification
Portable (adj.) devices that detect bombs.
Noun phrase
Premodifiers Head Postmodification
Portable (adj.) devices that detect bombs.
Prototype (noun) evaluation by end users.
Noun phrase
Premodifiers Head Postmodification
Portable (adj.) devices that detect bombs.
Prototype (noun) evaluation by end users.
Testing (pres. part) equipment for wireless networks.
Noun phrase
Premodifiers Head Postmodification
Portable (adj.) devices that detect bombs.
Prototype (noun) evaluation by end users.
Testing (pres. part) equipment for wireless networks.
Encryption (noun) algorithms providing (pres. part) higher security.
Noun phrase
Premodifiers Head Postmodification
Portable (adj.) devices that detect bombs.
Prototype (noun) evaluation by end users.
Testing (pres. part) equipment for wireless networks.
Encryption (noun) algorithms providing (pres. part) higher security.
Downloaded (past part) files from the Internet.
Noun phrase
Premodifiers Head Postmodification
Portable (adj.) devices that detect bombs.
Prototype (noun) evaluation by end users.
Testing (pres. part) equipment for wireless networks.
Encryption (noun) algorithms providing higher security. (pres. part)
Downloaded (past part) files from the Internet.
Video (noun) files downloaded to the hard disk. (past part.)
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Options for modifying a noun
Noun phrase
Premodifiers Head Postmodification
Portable (adj.) devices that detect bombs.
Prototype (noun) evaluation by end users.
Testing (pres. part) equipment for wireless networks.
Encryption (noun) algorithms providing (pres. part) higher security.
Downloaded (past part) files from the Internet.
Video (noun) files downloaded (past part.) to the hard disk.
Personal (adj.) data entered by the user.
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Hyphenation of compound premodifiers
A man eating sharkA man-eating shark
NOT HYPHENATED [Ø]HYPHENATED [-]
(a carnivorous fish) (A man who eats shark, i.e., a carnivorous male human)
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Hyphenation of compound premodifiers
HEAD NOUN+1. [ NOUN + NOUN ]
Premodifier
A video-game industry
A silver-gold alloy
An alloy that consist of silver and gold
A branch industry that produces video games
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Hyphenation of compound premodifiers
HEAD NOUN+2. [ ADJECTIVE + NOUN ]
Premodifier
A high-performance internet server
Low-power electronics
(An internet server that performs at a high speed)
(Electronics that have a low consumption of electrical power)
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Hyphenation of compound premodifiers
HEAD NOUN+3. [ NOUN + PAST PARTICIPLE ]
Premodifier
computer-related terms
(Terms related to computers)
A helium-filled balloon(A balloon filled with helium)
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Hyphenation of compound premodifiers
HEAD NOUN+4. [ NOUN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE ]
Premodifier
A light-emitting diode(A diode that emits light)
A water-cooling system
(A system that is used for cooling water)
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Hyphenating compound adjectives
HEAD NOUN+5. [ ADVERB + PAST PARTICIPLE ]
Premodifier
A well-established transportation system
(A transportation system that is well established)
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Hyphenation of compound premodifiers
HEAD NOUN+6. [ NUMBER + UNIT ]
Premodifier
A 2-inch gap
(A delay lasting 8 milliseconds)
Three-dimensional objects
A 500-gigabyte hard drive
(A gap that is two inches wide)
(A hard drive with the capacity of 500 gigabytes)
An 8-millisecond delay
(Objects that have three dimensions)
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Exercise 6-7
1. A picture of two different 9 volt batteries is shown in figure 1.2.
2. A simplified drawing of a practical, high precision experiment is shown in figure 1.1.
3. If you perform a gas releasing reaction in a sealed chamber with no room for expansion, you get an explosion.
4. Certain types of calculations can be approached with the divide and conquer technique.
5. The solution was found by measuring the mass to charge ratios of highly ionized atoms.
6. A working 30 meter diameter solar sail, Cosmos 1, was built by an American company. Earlier solar sails exceeding 30 m in diameter were launched into orbit but failed to open.
1. A picture of two different 9-volt batteries is shown in figure 1.2.
2. A simplified drawing of a practical, high-precision experiment is shown in figure 1.1.
3. If you perform a gas-releasing reaction in a sealed chamber with no room for expansion, you get an explosion.
4. Certain types of calculations can be approached with the divide-and-conquer technique.
5. The solution was found by measuring the mass-to-charge ratios of highly ionized atoms.
6. A working 30-meter-diameter solar sail, Cosmos 1, was built by an American company. Earlier solar sails exceeding 30 m in diameter were launched into orbit but failed to open.
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Exercise 6-8
1. data which have not been published unpublished data
2. a phenomenon that has been well documented a well-documented phenomenon
3. techniques that are used in solving problems problem-solving techniques
4. metals that have been treated with heat heat-treated metals
5. an earthquake that has a magnitude of 7.6 a 7.6-magnitude earthquake
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Exercise 6-9
1. air-saturated waterwater that has been saturated with air
2. a data-storage devicea device that is used for storing data
3. an easy-to-use applicationan application that is easy to use
4. current-conducting materialsmaterials that conduct electrical current
5. a data-management systema system that is used to manage data