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Washington DC, USA

November 21, 2013

BY

Zahidul Hassan

Data Analysis and Technical Assistance

A Learning Event on the

Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI)

Women’s labor time allocations

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SYSTEMATIC

I. PURPOSE OF THE SURVEY AND TIME USE

II. TRAINING, PREREQUISITES

III. ADMINISTERING TIME USE MODULE

IV. QUESTIONNAIRE FORMAT: COMPLETE TIME USE

V. FINAL COMMENTS

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I. PURPOSE OF THE SURVEY AND TIME USE

The purpose of this survey was to test an index that measures the inclusion of women in agricultural sector growth. Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index assesses the empowerment of women across five domains of agriculture, and Time Use is one the five domains .

The survey collects information on five domains of empowerment:

Women’s role in household decision-making around agricultural production;

Women’s access to productive capital, such as loans or land (outside household);

How discretionary income is spent;

Women’s access to leadership roles within the community; and

Women’s labor (leisure) time allocations.

Time allocation : It is important to collect time use data to help us understand how much time women spend in agriculture, in other livelihood activities, in domestic tasks, and whether they have enough time to take care of themselves and their families. The purpose of this module is to get an idea about men’s and women’s time spent in both work and leisure activities and their satisfaction with their time use.

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II. TRAINING, PREREQUISITES

How people tell what time it is?

Referring to certain events of the day

sun rise and sun set time, call for prayer, school bell, etc OR

Referring to clock time

6:30 in the morning, 11:00 around noon, 3:15 in the afternoon, etc

Bangladesh, 10 years back and now

10 years back, people used to refer time mostly by events

Now as most household (one in each two) has mobile phone, they know “what time it is” when there is: call for prayer, sun rises or sets, school bell

How people tell about the length of time or activity?

Time length for an activity people refers mostly: by minutes or by hour, like:

5 minutes, 15 minutes, half an hour or an hour etc. For long hours it may be like:

from 7:00 to call for prayer at noon.

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II. TRAINING, PREREQUISITES, CONTINUES….

Number of activities mentioned in the module: 24, there are 24 hours in a day also

Activity↓ Grouping

A Sleeping and resting B Eating and drinking C Personal care D School (also homework)

ABCD: Start the Day 4 non-economic activities/ investment; immidiate & long term

E Work as employed F Own business work G Farming H Construction I Fishing

From "E": it's 5 economic-activity

J Shopping/getting service 1 paid services

K Weaving, sewing, textile care K: 1 more economic work

L Cooking M Domestic work N Care for children/adults/elderly

LMN: Household task management

O Commuting P Travelling

On the road, or Pass through.....

Q Watching TV/listening to radio R Reading S Sitting with family T Exercising U Social activities V Practicing hobbies W Religious activities

From "Q" it's Quality time starts

12 non-economic activities

X Other, specify…

X is for "X" work: economic OR non-economic

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Time allocation module is at the end of the individual level questionnaire. Before administering it, we complete the HH level questionnaire.

Then, if both male and female respondent are around

do individual level questionnaire simultaneously (no overhearing and hence influence of responses

Since HH level questionnaire is done, we already know from employment who is doing what. we start with the first question like: Yesterday, when did you wake up in the morning?

Answer could be by clock like 6:30 in the morning or 7:00 in the morning,

Or by event, like right after prayer call (predawn Ajan at 5:30 am). So, put a dot at the box of 5:45-6:00 in the morning.

III. ADMINISTERING TIME USE

If simultaneous:

Primary 1

Secondary 2

A Sleeping and resting •B Eating and drinkingC Personal careD School (also homework)

4 5 6 7

Morning

Activity↓Night

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Second question is: When did you then went to sleep at last night?

The answer may be, half an hour later the news at ten in evening. (There hourly news in radio and in TV). Then put another dot in the box of 22:30 – 22:45

Then what we do, we draw a line from 22:30 in the evening to 6:00 in morning in the row sleeping and resting.

It means these whole hours the respondent was sleeping. Sleeping and resting time is determined.

III. ADMINISTERING TIME USE, CONTINUES…

If simultaneous:

Primary 1

Secondary 2

A Sleeping and resting • •B Eating and drinkingC Personal careD School (also homework)

22 23 24 1 2 3

Morning

4 5 6 7Activity↓NightNight

If simultaneous:

Primary 1

Secondary 2

A 1 Sleeping and resting •B 1 Eating and drinkingC 1 Personal careD School (also homework)

323 24 1 222

Night

Activ ity↓

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Interview continues with question like: What did you do after you wake up in the morning? It’s kind of asking the respondent about how s/he spent the day.

I spent about 45 minutes with using toilet/bathroom, cleaning myself, washing face, including prayer. Then we ask, what did you do then? The respondent said I took my breakfast, it took about half an hour and then started for doing some work.

We draw a line through 3 boxes for 45 minuets starting from 6:00 am in personal care row and for 15 minutes in religious activities and declared the religious activities as a secondary activity as it overlaps with personal care in some columns and focus was mainly personal care. Draw another line for half an hour that takes two boxes, for breakfast, as each box represents 15 minutes time .

III. ADMINISTERING TIME USE, CONTINUES…

If simultaneous:

Primary 1

Secondary 2

A 1 Sleeping and restingB 1 Eating and drinkingC 1 Personal careD School (also homework) W 2 Religious activitiesX Other, specify…

Activity↓Night

4 5 7

Morning

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Continued with questions like: How long it took to reach to your work place, and how long you worked? He answered, it took about 15 minutes reach my work place as it really close to my residence and then I started work. I worked a little less than 6 hours in my farm.

A straight line for farming hours, 23 boxes starting from 7:45 am. continue with: what did you do then? Came back: commuting time; personal care; offered noon prayer. Ate with the family for an hour, after eating chat with family for half an hour..

III. ADMINISTERING TIME USE, CONTINUES…

If simultaneous:

Primary 1

Secondary 2

A 1 Sleeping and restingB 1 Eating and drinkingC 1 Personal careD School (also homework) G 1 FarmingO 1 CommutingS 1 Sitting with familyU 1 Social activitiesW 2 Religious activitiesX Other, specify…

1511 12 13 144 5 6 7 8 9 10

DayMorning

Activity↓Night

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Continued with: Whether he got back to work again, if not we asked how s/he spent rest of the day? He said: did some social activities, that includes went to a nearby area, had chat with neighbors, discussed many topics, general to work related. Ask for other prayers/religious work for that day. Ask whether listen to radio or watched TV, and dinner time.

It was more of a listening to the respondent about how his/her day was how he spent time. And at the end we prompt for all the listed activities, if s/he missed anything.

III. ADMINISTERING TIME USE, CONTINUES…

If simultaneous:

Primary 1

Secondary 2

A 1 Sleeping and restingB 1 Eating and drinkingC 1 Personal careD School (also homework) G 1 FarmingO 1 CommutingS 1 Sitting with familyU 1 Social activitiesW 2 Religious activitiesX Other, specify…

Activ ity↓

Day Night

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 323 24 1 2

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MODULE F (Dimension 5): Time allocation, CONTINUED

QNo. Question Response Response options/Instructions

F02 Was yesterday a holiday or nonworking day?

2 Yes.........................................................................1

No .........................................................................2

F03 Regarding the amount of sleep you got last night, was that [READ RESPONSES]::

2

Less than average ................................................1 Average .................................................................2 More than average ................................................3

F04

READ: I am going to ask you a series of questions and I want you to tell me how would you rate your satisfaction on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 means you are not satisfied and 10 means you are very satisfied. If you are neither satisfied or dissatisfied this would be in the middle or 5 on the scale.

How would you rate your satisfaction with:

F04A The distribution of work duties within your household?

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F04B Your available time for leisure activities like visiting neighbors, watching TV, listening to radio, seeing movies or doing sports?

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F04C Your contacts with friends or relatives?

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F04D Your possibilities of going to other places outside your village?

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F04E Your power to make important decisions that change the course of your life?

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F04F Your satisfaction with your life overall?

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Please mark on a scale from 1 – 10

Not satisfied ....................................1 Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied .....5 Very satisfied ..................................10

F05 During the last four weeks, how many days of your primary daily activities did you miss because of poor health?

0 Enter number of days [1-28]

F06 Were the last four weeks typical or average?

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Worse than average .............................................1 Average .................................................................2 Better than average ..............................................3

F07 Were you unable to complete normal activities in the last 24 hours?

2

Yes.........................................................................1 No .........................................................................2

F08 Do you suffer from a chronic disability?

2

Yes.........................................................................1 No .........................................................................2 >> F10

F09

If yes, what kind? [ALLOW UP TO 3 RESPONSES]

F09_a F09_b F09_c

Deaf or hearing disability .......................................1 Mobility or missing limbs........................................2 Speech or language disability................................3 Learning or mental impairment..............................4 Blind or visual disability .........................................5 Chronic health or disease......................................6 Psychological or emotional ...................................7 Other, specify.........................................................8

ENUMERATOR: If male, stop and proceed to next Module; If female, continue with F10.

F10 Are you currently pregnant?

Yes.........................................................................1

No .........................................................................2

F11 Are you currently breastfeeding?

Yes.........................................................................1

No .........................................................................2

III. ADMINISTERING TIME USE, CONTINUES…

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If simultaneous:

Primary 1

Secondary 2

A 1 Sleeping and restingB 1 Eating and drinkingC 1 Personal careD School (also homework) E Work as employedF Own business work G 1 FarmingH ConstructionI Fishing J Shopping/getting serviceK Weaving, sewing, textile careL CookingM Domestic workN Care for children/adults/elderlyO 1 CommutingP TravellingQ Watching TV/listening to radioR ReadingS 1 Sitting with familyT ExercisingU Social activitiesV Practicing hobbiesW 2 Religious activitiesX Other, specify…

1511 12 13 144 5 6 7 8 9 10

DayMorning

Activity↓Night

IV. COMPLETE PICTURE: TIME USE, PAGE I

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If simultaneous:

Primary 1

Secondary 2

A 1 Sleeping and restingB 1 Eating and drinkingC 1 Personal careD School (also homework) E Work as employedF Own business work G 1 FarmingH ConstructionI Fishing J Shopping/getting serviceK Weaving, sewing, textile careL CookingM Domestic workN Care for children/adults/elderlyO 1 CommutingP TravellingQ Watching TV/listening to radioR ReadingS 1 Sitting with familyT ExercisingU Social activitiesV Practicing hobbiesW 2 Religious activitiesX Other, specify…

Night

Activ ity↓

Day

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 323 24 1 2

IV. COMPLETE PICTURE: TIME USE, PAGE II

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MODULE F (Dimension 5): Time allocation, CONTINUED

QNo. Question Response Response options/Instructions

F02 Was yesterday a holiday or nonworking day?

2 Yes.........................................................................1

No .........................................................................2

F03 Regarding the amount of sleep you got last night, was that [READ RESPONSES]::

2

Less than average ................................................1 Average .................................................................2 More than average ................................................3

F04

READ: I am going to ask you a series of questions and I want you to tell me how would you rate your satisfaction on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 means you are not satisfied and 10 means you are very satisfied. If you are neither satisfied or dissatisfied this would be in the middle or 5 on the scale.

How would you rate your satisfaction with:

F04A The distribution of work duties within your household?

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F04B Your available time for leisure activities like visiting neighbors, watching TV, listening to radio, seeing movies or doing sports?

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F04C Your contacts with friends or relatives?

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F04D Your possibilities of going to other places outside your village?

5

F04E Your power to make important decisions that change the course of your life?

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F04F Your satisfaction with your life overall?

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Please mark on a scale from 1 – 10

Not satisfied ....................................1 Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied .....5 Very satisfied ..................................10

F05 During the last four weeks, how many days of your primary daily activities did you miss because of poor health?

0 Enter number of days [1-28]

F06 Were the last four weeks typical or average?

2

Worse than average .............................................1 Average .................................................................2 Better than average ..............................................3

F07 Were you unable to complete normal activities in the last 24 hours?

2

Yes.........................................................................1 No .........................................................................2

F08 Do you suffer from a chronic disability?

2

Yes.........................................................................1 No .........................................................................2 >> F10

F09

If yes, what kind? [ALLOW UP TO 3 RESPONSES]

F09_a F09_b F09_c

Deaf or hearing disability .......................................1 Mobility or missing limbs........................................2 Speech or language disability................................3 Learning or mental impairment..............................4 Blind or visual disability .........................................5 Chronic health or disease......................................6 Psychological or emotional ...................................7 Other, specify.........................................................8

ENUMERATOR: If male, stop and proceed to next Module; If female, continue with F10.

F10 Are you currently pregnant?

Yes.........................................................................1

No .........................................................................2

F11 Are you currently breastfeeding?

Yes.........................................................................1

No .........................................................................2

IV. COMPLETE PICTURE: TIME USE, PAGE III

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V. FINAL COMMENTS: COMMON QUESTIONS

What if the respondent does not know what time the activity began or ended?

This question come if the enumerator try to go by the task listed in the module.

Enumerator need to fix the time when s/he woke up and time s/he went to bed and then ask the respondent to narrate how s/he spent the day.

What if a respondent is doing more than 1 activity in any given time period?

If any activity overlaps with other activity, need to know which activity was respondent’s main focus: for an example, cooking/breast feeding; personal care/listening to radio; watching TV/eating, etc

What if there are gaps (time periods with no activities) within a 24-hour period?

And at the end we prompt for all the listed activities, if s/he missed anything.

If nothing is missed, we check for the shortest and longest activity and reconfirm with respondent about the gap.

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Seasonality/ how to factor in the specific day of week, etc

First we can go back day before yesterday, if the samples size is big enough, yesterday is okay.

What if survey will be done by computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI)? Any specific recommendations?

Difficulty would be to program time use module as it requires line drawing and the line has to be transferred in digital data; can be solved

V. FINAL COMMENTS: COMMON QUESTIONS

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V. FINAL COMMENTS: ON IMPLEMENTING TIME USE

Implementing this time allocation/use module was more of a listening to the respondent and drawing line accordingly.

In data entry, we put 1 for each boxes that the line crossed through. The blank boxes, means that has no line, are set to blank.

The main trick is, since we already did the household level questionnaire we know that what are the major economic activities of the respondent.

We just need to ensure time for the major economic activity s/he did yesterday and confirm all other activities during the day.

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