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Session # 1014 9:05 AM
Numeracy + Information Literacy = Success
Melissa Poremba,
B.A., B.Math., B.Ed., LIT Dipl.,
We expertly use our libraries to support literacy skills development. Now let's
use our same assets to support numeracy education! The library is the
perfect place to curb "math anxiety" as we can show students that math is
useful, interesting, relevant and even fun. Learn how to utilize your library's
collections and services to integrate numeracy skills development in
information literacy programming.
Information literacy is defined as "the ability to
acquire, critically evaluate, select, use, create
and communicate information in ways which
lead to knowledge and wisdom" (Information
Literacy and Equitable Access (ILEA): Draft
Document, Ministry of Education and Training,
1995). ~ p. 3
As Figure 1 demonstrates, information
literacy encompasses "all other forms of
literacy -- traditional literacy (the ability to
read and write) and media literacy (the
ability to critically evaluate and create
media, such as television, advertising,
news stories and movies) and numerical
literacy (the ability to understand and
solve problems with data and numbers)."
(ILEA) ~ p. 3
~ p. 4
Increase awareness of the potential of the library to support numeracy education
› Have traditionally focused on literacy (and where most are more comfortable)
Give you the confidence to establish and promote your library as a destination for numeracy support and resources
› You already have what you need
Present a wide range of ideas for combining information literacy and numeracy initiatives
› Don‘t be overwhelmed
Inspire you to come up with more ways to integrate numeracy into your library‘s collections and programs
› Can‘t possibly cover everything today
› Adapt—every library is different
“Math” words within
the document:
• graphs
• pictographs
• charts
• data
• problem solving
• timelines
• spreadsheets
• tally charts
• probability
• surveys
• samples
• bias
• reasonableness of
results
• matrices
Sort and classify objects by characteristic and category (K)
Identify parts of fictional texts such as table of contents and chapters (Gr. 1)
Read pictures for information (Gr. 1) [i.e. size, number]
Identify pattern books (Gr. 1)
Identify major Dewey Decimal categories (Gr. 2)
Begin to use the Dewey Decimal system, simple indexes and catalogues (Gr. 2)
Use a table of contents, index and chapter headings (Gr. 2)
Read simple pattern books, chart stories and non-fiction texts for pleasure and understanding
Identify the parts of non-fiction texts such as indexes (Gr. 3)
Begin to identify catalogue record elements (Gr. 3)
Begin to use catalogues to locate materials by call number (Gr. 3)
Identify Dewey Decimal sub-categories (Gr. 4)
Use index in multi-volume works (Gr. 4)
Compare fiction and nonfiction texts to classify their features (Gr. 4)
Begin to search the Internet using keywords in single search engines (Gr. 5)
Describe information anxiety and overload in contemporary society (Gr. 8)
Select handbooks, almanacs and directories (Gr. 9)
Verify the logic of argument (Gr. 9)
Search the Internet using a range of strategies available in a variety of single search engines (Gr. 9)
Select appropriate census material (Gr. 10)
Analyze inaccuracy and ambiguity in information and their effect on argument (Gr. 10)
Identify the role of information in society in such fields as criminology (Gr. 10)
Interpret statistical information in varied media such as handbooks, yearbooks, almanacs and reports (Gr. 10)
Describe different classification systems (Gr. 11)
Explain ways of making information secure such as encryption (Gr. 11)
Analyze both inductive and deductive arguments and evaluate the logic of their conclusions (Gr. 12)
In other words … there are numerous examples!!!
Main categories/perspectives › Library organization and collections
› Individual items as manipulatives
› Content of the resources
Direct and indirect
› Research/Searching techniques
Main audiences Students (range of abilities and
interests)
Teachers
Information literacy lessons supporting
numeracy skills instruction
Numeracy skills instruction
supporting
information literacy lessons
Important to be aware of mathematics curriculum
• Are you introducing a new topic?*
• Are you expanding upon a topic already taught in the math class?
Collaborating with teachers is essential
*Not teaching the math!
Library organization and collections › Where are the non-fiction books? › How can you tell? What are the 10 main Dewey
Classes? › Why ten? › In what other ways could we classify and
organize the library collection? › How have you organized your books at home?
In your classroom? › What are the main sub-classes? (Division) › Move through Dewey hundreds to thousands › Discuss: 398 and 813 › Look at OCLC
http://www.oclc.org/dewey/resources/summaries/#300
Sample bookmark
from Demco
Searching/Researching › Locating items on the shelves (Not
trivial!) › Record call number from catalogue,
match to shelf location, locate exact match
› How are shelves labeled? Do you need to locate the correct bay first? Then the correct shelf? (Order, inequalities, notion of ―range‖)
› Whole numbers then decimals
› Decimals require knowledge of place value
› Watch terminology: 599.29 vs. 599.4 › Search for a subject and see how many
ranges of Dewey numbers treat that subject
http://holmanlibraryblog.blogspot.com/
DDC is a complex and nuanced
classification system—worthy of lots of
attention!
Every time you guide a student in
locating a non-fiction book on the
shelves, every time you train a page
(library helper), you are essentially
reviewing a mathematics lesson!
Be aware of the progression of steps
(spiral the curriculum)
Extremely important that students
understand the universality of this
system
http://frank.mtsu.edu/~vvesper/dewey2.htm
Must practice
―Order in the Library‖ http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~valmstrum/s2s/utopia/library4/src/library4.html
―Shelved: Librarian Game‖ app for iPad and iPhone http://speakquietly.blogspot.com/2011/01/librarian-game.html
Collection as manipulatives › Evaluate expressions involving
decimals and search for items with corresponding Dewey numbers
› Take several books and perform operations with their Dewey numbers
› Organize scavenger hunt matching math question answers to call numbers
› ―Dewey Decimal Sudoku‖ in School Library Media Activities Monthly http://www.schoollibrarymedia.com/artic
les/Montgomery2007v23n10.html
Look for teachable moments
Seize opportunities
› Formal
› informal
Try to seamlessly integrate
› We all use math every day!
Ratio
• Proportion of collection in various genres, formats, etc.;
• Compare with number of shelves in various genres
Rate
• If purchase books at rate x and weed at rate y . . .
• If we have 4 copies of the book, the regular loan period is two weeks and you are
15th in the queue, when are you likely to obtain the book?
• What is the most popular book in the collection? How would we determine this?
Estimation
• Do you think we have more picture books or more fiction books?
• Number of items in collection, in each section of the collection – what information
would you need?
• Do we have enough space to combine the softcover and hardcover picture
books?
Problem solving
• What information would you need to calculate the approximate value of the
books in the collection?
• What should we do with books that are never borrowed?
• What if we keep purchasing new books but not discarding?
Have students tally, chart and/or graph their findings
How many numbers can you find on/in a book? (ISBN, price, pages, chapters, reading level, date, Dewey number, edition, etc.)
Have you seen a book with an unusual page numbering pattern?
What did we gain by switching to ISBN-13? How many more items can we uniquely identify?
Why do we need barcodes? (or library cards?)
Reference collection is excellent place to study concept of ‗relative size‘ as ‗biggest books‘ usually located there. What does ‗biggest book‘ mean?
Use duplicate copies and Big Books (read aloud size) to demonstrate ‗similar‘ and ‗congruent‘
Shape of books
Golden ratio
Merchandising—appeal
The geometry of bookshelves!!!
Library architecture and design
―The Library as Shape‖ in The Library at Night by Alberto Manguel (p. 129-161)
The mathematics of bookmaking
Book fairs › What is the total value of the books on your
wish list?
› Did you qualify to get the promotional prize (min. $25)?
› You have $15 to spend and the books you have selected cost…
› What value of books would each person in the school need to purchase for us to reach our goal?
The library budget is $1000, what combination of items from the wish list/Forest of Reading list can we afford to purchase?
Why are students charged for lost books? Overdue books?
Are donated books really ‗free‘?
Collection can be categorized based on many ‗attributes‘ (hardcover/soft-cover, fiction/nonfiction, reference/circulating, etc.)
Arrange selection of books into various patterns based on attributes
Overlap with Venn diagrams
Discussion of the geometric patterns of the Laurentian Library‘s tile floor designed by Michelangelo: http://ralph.cs.cf.ac.uk/papers/Geometry/Laurentian.pdf
Activity: Book Drive
› Sort books: fiction, non-fiction, picture books
› Tally books in each category
› Use Excel to make chart and graph
› Submit to newsletter
Learn to use OPAC features by answering questions such as
› How many books do we have by Robert Munsch?
› How many items that come up under a keyword search for ‗bears‘ are fiction?
› What is the oldest book we have on the subject of mathematics?
› How could I find out the average age of a portion of the collection?
Explain that all electronic resources are founded upon the binary number system
What other subject headings might be used when searching for ‗math‘ books?
Why is it important to record the entire Dewey number from the catalogue before going to the shelves?
Search Engine Math from Search Engine Watch http://searchenginewatch.com/2156021
How to Use Search Engine Math to Search the Internet Effectively http://www.ehow.com/how_5010176_use-math-search-internet-effectively.html
Pandia: A Short and Easy Search Engine Tutorial › Boolean Operators
http://www.pandia.com/goalgetter/4.html
› Search Engine Math http://www.pandia.com/goalgetter/10.html
From OSLA‘s Information Studies,
pages 18 and 19.
Zimmer, David, et al. Mathematics of
Data Management. Scarborough, ON:
Nelson, 2002. (page viii)
Some of these activities may leave the shelves in a
shambles, but they are well worth it if students gain
exposure to the collection and find something that
they would like to borrow
› Plot Central Incidental
› Characters Students Math teachers Mathematicians
› Point it out › Discuss it › Encourage students to locate more
Mathematics in fiction = Mathematics in context
What do we call the application of
mathematics in a story?
A word problem!
Now being called
―story problems‖!
Joe borrowed three books from the library while
his sister Nancy borrowed nine. After one
week, their mother returned four of the books.
How many library books does the family still
have out?
The Poremba Public Library charges $.15 per
day for overdue books, and $1.00 per day for
overdue DVDs. Rick still has out five books
and four movies that were due on February 4.
If the library is open every day and therefore
accrues fines every day, how much will Rick
have to pay if he returns his books today,
February 10?
―Mathematical Fiction‖
maintained by
Alex Kasman
College of Charleston
http://kasmana.people.cofc.edu/MATHFICT/
Math anxiety
Giftedness
Don‟t pass along your own „math phobia‟, please!
You wouldn‟t say you don‟t like reading!
Savant Math Prodigy
Hardy and Ramanujan Sonya Kovalevsky
Sophie
Germain
Reference to ‗Pi‘ in the Bible
Try ‗Google‘ this topic for an excellent discussion on the objectivity, reliability, authority of web sites
‗Pi‘ in the Old Testament:
“And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the
one brim to the other: it was round all about,
and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty
cubits did compass it about.” (I Kings 7, 23)
Mobius strip
Eternity scarf
Putting your
mathematical skilIs
to work
• Is it legal?
• Is it ethical?
Covers
Related nonfiction
Related fiction
Author
Movie
Another movie Discussion
Link to topic of ―bullying‖
Link to discussion of
―uniqueness‖
One By Kathryn Otoshi
#1 (One) By Vladimir Radunsk
Dissatisfied with its shape, a
triangle keeps asking the
local shapeshifter to add
more lines and angles until
it doesn't know which side
is up.
Regular dodecahedron: a
polyhedron (solid with plane faces)
with 12 faces, each of which is a
regular pentagon
Finalist, 2006 Governor General‘s
Award for Fiction
Can you construct the
dodecahedron that links the
characters in the stories?
Data-mining
Probability
Predicting
Math and Information
Mathematics is at the heart of sharing, sorting and protecting information. Cryptography, bioinformatics and computational mathematics form the basis for manipulating the data that flows from system to system, stores medical records or compiles the Oxford English Dictionary.
~University of Waterloo promotional brochure
Some very inspiring stories:
John Charles Fields
Donald Coxeter
John Mighton
Eric Demaine
Ravi Vakil
A. K. Dewdney
Kim Rossmo
―When I was quite young, I believe no older than 11, I came across two books that would determine how I thought about mathematics for the next 20 years, until, at the age of 31, I found the confidence to return to school and start a degree in the subject. One book was a collection of science fiction from the local library. It contained a story about two children who construct a Mobius strip that enables them, by a process I unfortunately can‘t recall, to travel in time….Though I haven‘t reread the short story since I was a child, I would be surprised if it was well written, and even more surprised if the mathematics behind it was sound. But the story awoke a greater sense of wonder than I have felt reading anything since: from it I gained the conviction that mathematics was a magical subject that would allow me, once I had mastered it, to transcend the everyday.‖ (9)
~ Mighton, John. The Myth of Ability: Nurturing Mathematical Talent in Every Child. Toronto: Anansi, 2003.
John Mighton, a Canadian, is a mathematician, author (The Myth of Ability, The End of Ignorance), playwright (Governor General‘s Literary Award for Drama), actor (Good Will Hunting), and educator (JUMP)
~ http://jumpmath.org/about/mighton
Describes the life and work of Eratosthenes, the Greek geographer and astronomer who accurately measured the circumference of the Earth. While he is also known for the Sieve of Eratosthenes, he was a librarian at Alexandria, too.
―E‖ for ―everyone‖!
› But not at every time!
Concept books
› Read carefully!
A place for everything and everything in its place
Information literacy lesson › What is the issue/error?
› What correction is necessary?
› How does that make you feel about the remaining contents of the book?
› Who should we inform?
› What are their credentials?
› How can we contact them?
› Can we write our own story?
Take advantage of a ‗teachable moment‘
Math memories you can
count on : a literature-based
approach to teaching
mathematics in the primary
classrooms
By Jo-Anne Lake, 2007
Picturing math : hands-on
activities to connect math
with picture books
By Colleen Kessler , 2006
Numeracy and literacy :
teaching k-8 mathematics
using children's literature
By Robin A. Ward, 2007
Literacy + math =
creative connections in
the elementary
classroom
By Jennifer L. Altieri,
2010
Literature-based activities for
integrating mathematics with other
content areas (K-2, 3-5, 6-8)
By Robin A. Ward, 2008
Meeting the math
standards with favorite
picture books : lessons,
activities, and hands-on
reproducibles that help
you teach essential math
skills and concepts
By Bob Krech , 2002
What if your ABCs were
your 123s? :
building connections
between
literacy and numeracy
By Leslie Minton, 2007
New visions for linking
literature and mathematics
By David J. Whitin, Phyllis
Whitin, 2004
Connecting math with
literature : using children's
literature as a springboard
for teaching math concepts
grades 3-6
By Lisa Crooks, 2002
Math links : teaching the
NCTM 2000 standards
through children's
literature
By Evans, Leija, Falkner,
2001
Math through children's
literature
By Braddon, Hall, Taylor,
2000
Chart of children‘s
literature featured in Math
Solutions Publications series http://www.mathsolutions.com/do
cuments/lessons_chart-2.pdf
Math and Literature series
Math and Nonficton series http://www.mathsolutions.com/index.cfm?pag
e=wp18&contentid=112&crid=97&mcrid=108
Again, not trivial
Cross-curricular connections
Provide a positive, integrated experience with mathematics
Make sure to include teachers in this lesson
• Cardinal vs. ordinal
numbers
• Use of „math‟ terms in other
contexts
Kids love extreme numbers Link to Information Studies
o Story of name of Google, Googleplex o Facts about amount of ‗information‘
processed by Google every day • PageRank algorithm considers more
than 500 million variables and 2 billion terms
• Google receives several hundred million queries each day through its various services.
• Google processes over 20 petabytes of data per day
Googol
10100
Books about ‗zero‘ and/or ‗nothing‘
Klarreich, Erica. "Crafty
geometry:
mathematicians are
knitting and crocheting
to visualize complex
surfaces." Science
News 23 Dec. 2006:
411+. Academic
OneFile. Web. 30 Jan.
2011.
Books
Sites › http://mathcentral.uregina.ca/RR/database/RR.09.95/danylczuk1.html › http://www.2learn.ca/mapset/enjoy/100days/100days.asp › http://www.gecdsb.on.ca/d&g/100thday.htm
http://www.worldmathday.com/
World Math Day Video Challenge (Teacher Tube) › http://www.teachertube.com/video.php?category=mv&chid=77
› Be the driving, coordinating force just as for Family Literacy Day http://www.abc-canada.org/en/family_literacy/family_literacy_day
In Australia, the government sponsors a combined National Literacy and Numeracy Week › http://www.literacyandnumeracy.gov.au/
Real World Math Contest (Teacher Tube + Texas Instruments)
Books
Sites › http://www.piday.org/
› http://www.edhelper.com/pi_day.htm?gclid=CLaH6druqpoCFQENDQodoUPuzg
› http://www.exploratorium.edu/pi/
Also Einstein‘s birthday!
Tesselations (Escher)
Origami › Read about Eric Demaine (Canadian now at MIT) › http://mathforum.org/library/results.html?style=power&textsearch=origami
Quilting
Fractals
Doodling http://www.maa.org/news/121407vakil.html
Golden Ratio/Divine Proportion (nature, art, architecture) › http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibInArt.html
Games day – learn about probability,
statistics, game theory, logic puzzles
“Play for Literacy” 2011 Family Literacy Day theme
http://abclifeliteracy.ca/en/family-literacy-day
Dress up as twins
Books about the number 2 and/or multiplying by 2
Books with ―two‖ in the title
See Carol Hurst ―Math and Children‘s Literature
http://www.carolhurst.com/subjects/math/librarymath.html