session 04 introduction to software - · pdf file03/10/2015 · runs on computer in...

Session 04

Introduction to Software

What is software?

• set of instructions that is written by human which

runs on computer in order to do a useful task or

tasks

• Types

– System Software

– Application Software

– Programming Software

Functional view

Software

Hardware (equipment)

InputHardware

Output Input Output

Functional view

Input

Output

Software supporting hardware

Hardware (equipments)

OutputSoftware

Hardware (equipments)

Input Operating system

System requirements of a software

• Minimum system requirements

• Recommended system requirements

• Hardware requirements

VersionsFree version: This is the free version

Trial version: This means, software is a trail product. Therefore you can use this software in the limited time or with limited resources

Full version: This is the complete version of the product with all features

Current version: This is the latest version of the product

Recommended version: This is the recommended version of the product, however, there are other latest version available ( Example: Recommended 5.4 and current version 5.7 )

Stable version: This is the stable version of the product

Registered version: This is the registered version of the product

Types of Software

• software can be categorized as an installing

methods

– Software that need to install

– Software that can be run without install it

Install a software

• Installing methods

– Most of the windows base software packages

contain SETUP.exe

– Linux used RPM Files

• Some Software can be run without install

Uninstall/ Add or Remove program

• Operating System provides facilities to add/remove

software

Open Source Software

• Is a software

• Source code is published and made available to the

public

• Enabling anyone to copy, modify and redistribute the

source code without paying royalties or fees

7/11/2015 Budditha Hettige ([email protected]) 11

Advantages

• Low cost.

• Improve product/technology in real-time.

• You can modify your code according to the budget.

• If any open source leader "leaves" a project or

community, others take over.


Organizational benefits

• Reliability

• Stability

• Cost

• Flexibility

• Freedom

• Support

• Accountability


Market Share for top servers across all

domains from 1995 - 2011


Open Source Products


Open Source Community

• Companies

– Lanka Software Foundation

– Ceylon Linux

– FOSS

– WSO2

• Universities

– University of Moratuwa

– University of Colombo

– University of Sri Jayawerdenepura


Why Open Source?


System Software

• Computer programs that control the system hardware and inter-act with the application software

• BIOS program

• Operating Systems

– Windows XP

– Linux

– Mac OS

• Device Drivers

– Printer drivers

– Chipset drivers

– Sound Drivers

– Network Drivers

18

BIOS

• Basic Input Output System

• circuits contain data, which can normally only be

read

19

BIOS do several things

• Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings

• Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers

• Initialize registers and power management

• Perform the power-on self-test (POST)

• Display system settings

• Determine which devices are bootable

• Initiate the bootstrap sequence

20

Working With BIOS

• Enable/Disable device

• Change the System settings

• Change the boot options

21

Operating Systems (OS)

• Basic Tasks

– controlling and allocating memory

– prioritizing system requests

– controlling input and output devices

– facilitating Computer networking

– Managing files

• Examples

– GNU/Linux

– Mac OS X

– MS DOS

– Microsoft Windows

22

Types of Operating Systems

• Real-Time Operating Systems

• Single-User/Single-Tasking Operating Systems

– (MS-DOS)

• Single-User/Multitasking Operating Systems

– (Windows 95, Windows 3.1)

• Multi-User/Multitasking Operating Systems

– (Present OS)

23

Windows OS

• Windows 1.01

• Windows 95

• Windows98

• Windows2000

• Windows XP

• Windows Vista

• Windows 7

• Windows 8

• Windows 10

24

Linux OS

• Ubunto

• RedHat

• Mandriva

• Fedora

• Centos

25

Working With Operating

Systems

26

Working with Operating Systems

• Working with windows OS

• Customize the OS

• File Management

• Hardware Management

• User Management

• Software Management

• Protect you computer and data

• Connect you PC with Others

• System Administration

27

Install VirtualBox

• Download virtualBox

– https://www.virtualbox.org/

• Install VirtualBox

28

https://www.virtualbox.org/

MS-DOSMicrosoft Disk Operating

System

30

MS DOS

• Microsoft Disk Operating System

• 16-bit operating system, (formerly 8-bit)

• Single tasking

• Command interpreter for internal and external

commands

• External driver software imbedding for periphery

devices possible

31

System Requirements

• Minimum: 512 Kbytes RAM, 5 Mbyte hard disk

storage (depends on version for full installation)

• FAT file system

• Executable with every x86 compatible CPU

• Low RAM and fixed storage disk needs

32

MS-DOS Commands

• del, erase - delete files

• rd, rmdir - delete directories

• dir - show content of directories

• cd, chdir - change current directory

• cls - clear the screen

• md, mkdir - create a directory

33

MS-DOS commands

• copy - copy of one or several files

• ren, rename - rename of files or directories

• attrib - shows the attributes of files or

set one of these

• fdisk - partitioning or modify hard disk

• move - move of files

• tree - shows the directory structure

• format - format of storage drives

34

MS-DOS file names

• letters and symbols you can use in filenames and

extensions

• The letters: A-Z and a-z

• The numbers: 0-9

• The characters:

$, - , &, @, % , ^, ‘ ’ ~, ( ), !, { }, #

35

Illegal Filenames

• Aux:

Used when referring to input from, or output to, an auxiliary device (such as a printer or a disk drive)

• Con:

Used when referring to keyboard input, or to output to the terminal console (screen).

• Prn:

Used when referring to the printer device.

• Nul:

Used when you do not want to create a particular file, but the command requires an input or output filename.

36

MS-DOS Wildcards

• Two special characters, the asterisk (*) and the

question mark (?) are called wildcards

• A question mark (?) in a filename or filename

extension means that any character can occupy

that position

• An asterisk (*) in a filename or filename extension

means that any character can occupy that position

or any of the remaining positions in the filename

or extension

37

Exercise

• What are task of the following MS-DOS Commands

– Dir

– Format

– Attrib

• Briefly describe the following terms

– BIOS

– Multi Tasking

– Linux

38

Exercises

Write a MS dos Command to do the following

– Create the following folder structure

– Copy file one place to other

– Get MS DOS help

– Copy file one place to other

– Read the file attributes

– Change the folder attributes

– Edit/ rename/ delete a file

39

HOME

OFFICE PERSONAL OTHER

File Management

• Major task of operating system

• Used to store and retrieve data

• Operations

– READ,

– WRITE,

– OPEN,

– CLOSE,

– ERASE/Delete

– SEARCH

40

What is a File?

• A file is a collection of related information

• Consist of data

• Has

– Name

– Type

– Size

– Location

– Access permission

• Read

• Write

• Execute

41

Types of Files

• Data representation

– Text files

– Binary files

– Executable files

• Usage

– User files

– System files

42

File Type

• Data representation

– Text files (.txt, .html)

– Binary files (.dat, .dll, .mp3)

– Executable files (.exe)

• Usage

– User files (.doc, .txt, .html, .xls)

– System files (.exe, .dll, .bat etc)

43

File Organization

• Disk

– Drive

• Folders/ Files

–Folders/ Files

– Format

• FAT/ NTFS/ etc…

44

Disk has Drive(s)

• Windows

– C:, D: , E: ect

• Linux

– /

/Home, /var, /etc

45

Drive has File(s)/ Folder(s)

46

File Organization

47

Linux

Windows

File Operations

• Create Disk Drive

• Format Disk Drive

• File/Folder Operations– Create

– Rename

– Delate

– Copy

– Move

– Get Path

– Search

48

Windows File Operation

• File/ Folders

– Create

– Rename

– Delate

– Copy

– Move

– Get Path

– Search

– Set permission

49

Create a Folder• Method 01

– MyComputer → File → New → Folder

• Method 02

– Right Click → Shortcut menu → New → Folder

• Method 03

– Comand prompt → type “MD <Folder name>”

50

Rename a Folder• Method 01

– Select the folder → File menu → rename

• Method 02

– Right Click the folder→ Shortcut menu → Rename

• Method 03

– Comand prompt → type “ren <Old name> < New name >”

51

Delete a Folder• Method 01

– Select the folder → File menu → Delete

• Method 02

– Right Click the folder→ Shortcut menu → Delete

• Method 03

– Comand prompt → type “del <name>”

52

Copy a Folder• Method 01

– Select the folder → Edit menu → Copy

– Go to the place → Edit menu → Paste

• Method 02

– Right Click the folder→ Shortcut menu → Copy

– Go to the place → Edit menu → Paste

• Method 03

– Comand prompt → type “xcopy <Old name> < New name >”

53

GET Path

• Method 01– Select the folder → Read the path on address bar

• Method 02– Select the folder → Right click → Properties → Location

54

Search

• Click Start button → Search

55

Working with Applications

• Run application through the

Start menu

• Run Application through the

Run Window

• Directly double click on the

application

• Run application through the

command prompt

56

Example

• Create a following folder structure

57

/

Home CPCA School Working

CS Web Office

Linux WindowsmyWork.doc

sample.bat

Working with OS

• Working with windows OS

• Customize the OS

• File Management

• Hardware Management

• User Management

• Software Management

• Protect you computer and data

• Connect you PC with Others

• System Administration


Working with Windows

59

Working with Linux

60

session 04 introduction to software - · pdf file03/10/2015 · runs on computer in...

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