sess11 3 professor dr andreas gransee – how potassium and magnesium affect potato yield and...
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K+S Group
K+S KALI GmbHHow Potassium and Magnesium affect potato yield an quality
Prof. Dr. Andreas GranseeK+S KALI GmbHGermany
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
Potassium uptake (kg K2O) of potato during the vegetation period
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23. 25. 26. 28. 29. 31. 32. 33. 35. 36. 38. 40.KW
kg h
a-1
Cilena tubers (430 dt/ha) Cilena leaves/stemsRusset Burbanks tubers (900 dt/ha) Russet Burbanks leaves/stems
K+S KALI GmbH
Source: K+S KALI GmbH field trials, 2004
Cilena: Table potato varietyRusset Burbanks: Processed potato variety
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
Nutrient demand of the potato crop
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K+S KALI GmbH
Average Potato Yield in Kenya (FAOstat): 19 t ha-1
Nutrient Removal Calculation by K+S KALI GmbH
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
Nutrient demand of the potato crop
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K+S KALI GmbH
Average Potato Yield in Germany (FAOstat): 46 t ha-1
Nutrient Removal Calculation by K+S KALI GmbH
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
K distribution in potato plants
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K+S KALI GmbH
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
Effect of different doses and forms of K on yield of potato
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Yiel
d t/h
a
Control 100 kg K2O/ha as SOP 200 kg K2O/ha as SOP 300 kg K2O/ha as SOP
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K+S KALI GmbH
Bakum-Lüsche, slight-silty sand ST (2008): 138 mg K2O/kg soil (CAL) class ‘C’
32 mg Mg/kg soil (CaCl2) class ‘A/B’
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
Effect of K on yield and dry matter content of potato tubers
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20,4917,7
26,79
19,5
31,11
21,6
30,37
22,4
0
5
10
15
20
25
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35
40T1 T2* T3* T4*
* = significant T1, 2, 3, 4 = 0, 100, 150, 225 kg K2O ha-1
(+ N = 150, P = 100 kg ha-1 each)
Tuber yield (t ha-1) Dry matter content (%)
(average of 10 fields), 1996-97
K+S KALI GmbH
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
Relative yield increase as affected by K supply (Control = 100 %)
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K+S KALI GmbH
K supply from soil
low middle optimal high
Yiel
d re
lativ
e to
co
ntro
l (%
)
K-MA / Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, Dr. Hendrik Führs K+S Group
K+S KALI GmbHQuality parameters for potatoes used in processing industry
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Processing quality
External quality Internal qualityExternal consitution• Tuber size• Tuber form• Skin firmness• Eye depth
Internal consitution• Valuable ingredients (e.g. starch,
vitamins, minerals)• Turgor and physiological age
External defects• Damages• Growth disruptions• Rot and scurf• Greening• Tuber misshaping
Internal defects• Internal damages• Internal rot• Invaluable ingredients (e.g.
nitrate, heavy metals, reducingsugars, alkaloides, acrylamide
• Black spots• Hollow centersAccording to Dr. Haase, Max Rubner-Institute (MRI) Detmold, 2010
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
Effect of Potassium and magnesium on tuber sensitivity to damages(No. of damages per 100 tubers)
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0 120 240 360 240*
dam
ages
(n)
20092008
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K+S KALI GmbH
kg/ha K2O as Patentkali®, * as Korn-Kali®
Averages of three trials each, Landwirtschaftskammer Lower SaxonyVarieties: Verdi 2009, Kuras and Saturna 2008Artificial mechanical impact induced by damage test bench of potato research station Dethlingen and rating of necrotic tissue according to Bundessortenamt-Index
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
K fertilization and K form affect yield and starch content
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K+S KALI GmbH
47,551,2
57 56,7 58,3
7,7 8,5 9,5 8,5 8,6
16,116,5 16,7
1514,7
13
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K 0 240 SOP 400 SOP 240 MOP 400 MOP
%t ha-
1
K fertilization kg K2O ha-1
Magnesium supply in all variants: 320 kg ha-1 Kieserit gran.
Schuby 2003 K content soil medium Cultivar : Linda
Tuber yield Starch yield Starch content
Source: Landwirtschaftskammer Schleswig-Holstein
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
Factors for black spot incidence in potato tubers
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Growing conditions:site, water supply
VarietyHarvest conditions
Post harvest treatment
Maturity of tubers
Tuber content:• free phenolic amino acids• organic acids (pH)• other phenolic compounds• activities of enzymes
Mineral contents (K, Ca, Fe, Mg)
Fertilization
Storage conditions
(After Pawelzik, Delgado 1999)
K+S KALI GmbH
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
Black spots as a consequence of K deficiency
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Deficient K supply
Optimal K supply
K+S KALI GmbH
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
Effect of different K supply on black spot incidenceof potato
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0 102 205 3070
20
40
60
80
kg K2O/ha as SOP
Black spot incidence (%)
before after storage
Average of 9 trials with increasing K supply on light soils in northern Germany
K+S KALI GmbH
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
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controle 100 kg/ha K2O asSOP
200 kg/ha K2O asSOP
300 kg/ha K2O asSOP
300 kg/ha K2O asSOP
yiel
d (t/
ha)
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blac
k sp
ot in
cide
nce
(%)
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Influence of K and Mg application on yield and quality of potatoes (variety Premiere)
K+S KALI GmbH
Bakum-Lüsche, silty sandSoil analysis: Ø 13,6 mg K2O/100 g soilCAL
Ø 3,2 mg Mg/100 g soil CaCl2
+ 400 kg ha-1 ESTA® Kieserit
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S GroupK+S Gruppe / 16
Quality parameters NutrientsN P K Mg Ca
Tuber yield ++ + ++ + +Starch content - + +/- + +Protein content ++ ++ +Ascorbic acid - and citric acid + + ++Maturation - +Skin firmness - +After cooking blackening ++Storability - + +Reducing sugars - +Resistance against:Damages - + + +Black spot incidence - ++ +Discolourations +++ = positive effect ++ = very positive effect - = negative effect
Effect of fertilization on quality parametersK+S KALI GmbH
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
Magnesium Deficiency Symptoms
● Interveinal chlorosis on older lower leaves with a marbling effect (leaf veins remain green)
● Later various shades of red/purple can appear as chlorophyll breaks down leading eventually to leaf necrosis.
16Photos: K+S KALI GmbH
K+S KALI GmbH
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
Potassium Deficiency Symptoms
● Bronzing of leaves and necrosis of leaf margins and tips.
● Stunted bushy plants with small leaves and very premature senescence before adequate tuber bulking.
17Photos: K+S KALI GmbH
K+S KALI GmbH
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S Group
Balanced FertilisationCrucial for potato yield and quality
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Potassium and Magnesiumare crucial for high potato yield and the risk management in unfavorable conditions such as drought.
Potassium decreases the incidence of discolorationssuch as internal blackening and blackspot
Potassium increases citric acid, vitamin C and starch content of the tuber
Potassium decreases reducing sugar content
important for processing
An optimum supply of potassium improves harvest and storage characteristics. This results in a reduced susceptibility to bruising
Magnesium is essential for the assimilation of the plant and affects protein and carbohydrate synthesis and their transport and storage in the tuber
K+S KALI GmbH
Potassium and Magnesium
Prof. Dr. Andreas Gransee, K+S KALI GmbH K+S GroupK+S Gruppe / 1
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