servlets complete notes (natraz).pdf

5/24/2018 Servlets Complete Notes (Natraz).pdf

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Servlets(Natraj Notes)

www.JavaEra.com


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4/209

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10/209

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11/209

An5i^lhor is 6e-rr lei ?

t --o" for,u, ia o Java ba6ed0XJr Serve t ond applifaHcrrr

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ag h4s cpYDgt&yo41s lo da,ct o p(t

t2J oq,pt 1to e^ xr/ rte &mcHc.m\ t Hes oPgeav1 side technolog 5

Server .')a Javc.bc.se d Server 6ide

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12/209

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13/209

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14/209

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15/209

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16/209

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17/209

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18/209

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19/209

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20/209

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25/209

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26/209

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27/209

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f . init(-) methodIt is one time execution block of our servlet program. Servletcontainer calls this method automatically when it instantiate ourservlet class. Programmer generally places initialization logic ofservlet program in this init (-) like creating IDBC connection.@Prototype of this method is

Servlet container throws servletException if problems are therein the normal execution oT servlel program.2. Service (-,-) Method:o It is repeatedly executing lifecycle method of our servletprogram. Container call this method every time, when itreceives request from the client to servlet program,

programmer generally places request processing and responsegeneration logics in this method.. it is most important life cyclemethod of servlet program. Prototype of this method ispublic void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)throws ServletException, IOExceptionServlet container throws IoException when it fails to givePrintwriter stream object from response object.3. destroy O Method:

This is one time execution block of servlet program thismethod will be called when servlet container is about to destroyour servlet class object,Programmer generally places un-initializationmethod like closing JDBC connection object. logic in this.IfSFEFFFG:py 9.J9'd_g9xqeyo;When you don't place these life cycle methods in our servletprogram. Then these methods available in super class likeGenericservlet or HttpServlet will be executed automatically.Servletconfio obiect:

o

Servletconfig is an interface. We cannot create object tointerface. So it is the object of servlet container supplied javaclass which implements javax.servlet.Servletconfig interface.Servletconfig object is right-hand object to our servlet classobject.This object is created by the servlet container as one per ourservlet class object basis. ,,

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o Programmer can use this object in our servletgather information about current servlet programadditional information to our servlet program.O Servlet Container exposes Servletconfig object toprogram as parameter of init(-) life cycle method.Note: Servlet life cycle methods are useful for the programmers to place our choicelogics in the servlet program and also useful to get access to servlet containercreated objects in our servlet program as the parameters of lifecycle methods.

aAns: (a) servlet containers loads our servlet class from WEB-INF\classes folder{ of deployed web application and instantiates that class usingilO- parameter constructor. ----Fr6-5;qt r ".o-ricr'1Lltr^s,"rO*ttttClass.forName("DataSrv"), newlnstance0 ;Note: In this process o-param constructor of our servlet class executes.

elsdksServlet container* our Servletconfig object as right hand object of ourservlet class object.Servlet container calls the life cycle method init (-) havingServletconfig object as argument value on our servlet class object.Servlet container creates two objects request, response objectsrepresenting current request. r-,' Irrr .w(lrServlet container calls and'fh-er lifecycle method on our servlet class objecthaving request, response objects as argument values. This service (-,-)method processes the current request and sends response/webpage toclient (browser window) through webserver.

program toand to passour servlet

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OUE: What happens when our servlet program gets other than first requestbrowser window?.hec.L3Ans:Servlet containeFb&s the availability of our servlet class object.

from \Iif not available:Servlet container performs all the activities as it is as discussed aboveJ"l lirst "ruyuF,

Servlet container locates that object (our servlet class objectl>createsresponse for current request (means other than first request)calls service (-,-)method on that existing servlet class object having request,response objects as arguments-> this service (-,-) (life cycle method) processes the current request and sendsto browser window as webpage through web server.

o Generally servlet containers createl our servlet class object when it gets firstrequest from client for that servlet program.o When < load-on-startup> is enabled on servlet program then servlet containercreates our servlet class object either during the deployment of the webapplication ( server is started without deploying the web application) orduring the server startup (if web application is deployed before starting theserver)


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To enable < load-on-startup> on servlet program write following code in web.xmlduring the configuration of our servlet program. lc LcTestSrv ( 1 < loai.n:st6Eu[)?fservfet>Lc /lctest o servlet container creates object for our servlet class either during server startup(or) during deployment of Web application when is enabled"is technically called as "pre ll: 4n e 9lt of seruletprogram"Qustion: What is the advantage of enabling on servletprogram (or) what is the advantage of pre-instantiation of servlet program?Ans: When < load-on-startup > is not enabled first request given to servlet programparticipates in instantiation, ( our servlet class object creation) initialization(creatingServletconfig object and calling init(-)) before processing request by calling service(-,-) method. where as other than first request given to same servlet programdirectly participates in request processing by calling service (-,-). Due to this theresponse time (time taken by servlet to generate webpage) of first request is littlebit higher when compared to other than first request.o To minimize response time of first request and to equalize with other thanfirst request make servlet container performing instantiation & initializationoperations on our servlet class before first request either during serverstartup cin during the deployment of web application by enabling ofl Q $'uta grulrcmNDrd= ". - It is iecommended to enable < load-on-startup> only on thcse servlets forTwhich there is a guarantee that they will be requested immediately afterdeployment of web application like sei-viet program which generaie honiepage, main menu page etc.,Question: when Servlet container creates our servlet class object?Ans: When < load-on-startu D> is not enahledil:----frhen our s;tiet program gets 1't request from client.2. when servlet program gets 1't request after reload ing/redeploying the

web application.3. when servlet program gets 1st request after restarting the server.When


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4. If our servlet class object is continuously idle for long time.Note: No special importance will be there towards destroying object when enabled on our servlet program,Question: What is the use of priority value?Ansi When multiple servlet proqrams of iava web application are . enabled with then servlei co-ntainer. p"*orrni ph-instantiatiord'&th6t'bervletprograms based on this prioritv values (decide the order ofcreating objects) either during server startup or during deployment of the webapplication.o from Tomcat 6,x server onwards.

-) Negative value ignoredNote: no special meaning for"O"o Before tomcat 6.x server

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program with negativepriority value is equal tonot enabling onservlet program

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60 6't 62 63 & Formsrv.iava-65 Importjava.io.loExceptioni66 import tava, io.Printt{rite467 lmport jayax.servlet.ServletExcepilon;68 import javax.servlet.http.Hftpservlet;69 lmport Jayax.servtet.http.HttpservletRequest;70 impod javax.se.vlet.http.HttpseruletResponse;7172 public class Formsrv extends Httpservlet {7374 protected void processRequest(H(tpservletRequest request, HttpservtetResponse response)75 th.ows SeryletException, loExcep$on {76 ,// general settings77 Printwrlter pw=response.getwdter0i7A response.setcontentType(-texUhtmt-)i79 ,// read form dataaO String name=request.getparameter(-tname-);al intage=lnteger.parselnt(request.getparameter(..tage-));A2 String gen=request.getparameter(-gen.);83 Stringaddrs=requestgetparameter(-taddress-)iA4 Sting ql6r=rsqusst.getparameter(-qlftf)ia5 String crs[t=ysqussLgetParametervalues(-crs-);aG Sbinghbu=lsqusst.getParametervalues('hbl-);A7 /write b.logic /request processing logicaa Sking msg=null;a9 if(gen.equalslgnorecase(.ii-))eoi91 it(age


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,-

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tbe 4 p ?ac-tn3 cdbc c6de i l)\e?q t".ag"r Bnr, on g]4aSe(l| te-t fO Ddr..gase Coromurdca-flo^

amp(db tz6t )

QseS T,lfl_ jdbc Drrw., IJTuoer ;46. *u.- 'u ohdu_th Jdbc dnt(]rJavllrc.

l-) Odbc)+z tncb'xrnl

Serrlet -aPi , 4jdac t+ .&o (oon -l ;


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,.}, Serv tt| io DaraBas e s jrr: Communicolicrn :- 91133

Approaches to place JDBC code in the servlet program:There are three approaches to place JDBC code in the servlet program are:Approach 1:Step 1: create JDBC connection objectr in the init{} method.Step 2: Use IDBC connection obiect to create other JDBC objectt and to write JDBC persistence logic inthe service(-,-)/do)kx(-,-) method.Step 3: Close JDBC connection objectr in destroyfl. Here JDBC connection object must be taken as theinstance variable of our servlet class.Pseudo Code:

public class Testsrv extends Httpservlett /., -lo6tar.ta Vs t,bteConnection con=null;public void init()

//logic to create JDBC connection object

lpublic void service(-,-)/doXxx(,-) throws ServletException,lOException

// logic to use JDBC connection object to create other JDBC object and towrite JDBC persistence logic

public void destroy(){........... l//loSic to close JDBC connection object;J]//class


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Web Server

Browser window (b1)Requestl

Browser window lb2lRequest2

Browser window (b3)

Request3

All three threads are using single copy oflDBC connection object.--I;t 6-Advantages:All the requests coming to servlet program will use single JDBC connection object to interact withdatabase software. This improves the performance.Disadvantages:JDBC connection object is instance variable of servlet program. So it is not thread safe; To make it threadsafe use synchronization concepts explicitly.Approach Z:

O Create JDBC connection object in service(-,-)/doXxx(-,-) methodPlse JDBC connectioqpbject tocreate otherJDBC objects and to write JDBC persistence logic in service(-,-)/doxxx(-,-) methoJ%lose


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JDBC connection object service(-,-)/do)r.n


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Advantages:Here JDBC connection object is local variable of service(-,-)/doXxx(-,-) method. So it is thread safe bydefault.Disadvantage:Every request given to servlet program establishes a new connection between servlelJlroFram anddatabase software. This kills the performance.lf 1000 requests are given to serverl1000 connectionobjects will be created, due to this performance will be degrade{Approach 3:

Q Being from servicec,-)/doXxx(-,-) method get JDBC connection object from JDBC connectionpool managed by application server/web server-QJse the JDBC connection object in service(-,-)/doXxx(-,-) method to create other JDBC objects to write JDBC persistence logiC9Release JDBC connection objectback to IDBC connection pool being from service(-,-)/doXxx(-,-) methods. Here IDBC connection object islocal variable in service(-,-)/doXxx(-,-) method.

Browser window (b1)

Browser window (b2)

Rrnw


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Advantages:Servlet program is not responsible to create, manage and destroy JDBC objects. All theseoperations taken care by JDBC connection pool.Connection object is localvariable to service(-,-)/doXxx(-,-). So it is thread safe by default.Multiple requests coming to servlet program communicate with database software by usingminimum number of JDBC connection objects.Software lndustry prefers using approach3 to add JDBC code in servlet program in large scaleweb application like banking projects.) Similarly industry prefers using approach 1 in small scate projects (web applications).

Jar files in WEBINF/lib folder:. o.idbc14 jar

When standalone application uses third- party API then the third-party Apt likeojdbcl4.jarrelated jar files must be added to classpath. These jar files will be used by javacompiler and runtime environment during the compilation and execution of the standaloneapplication.

Jar files added to classpath are always visible to command prompts but not visible toweb servers/ application servers and its containers.

Standalone applications execution takes place from command prompt. Servlet programcompilation takes place from command prompt and execution takes place the servlet containerof server.

fhread safety:lf multiple threads are running on single object/variable simultaneously or concurrently then thatobject/variable is not thread safe. To make that object/variable as thread safe allow only one thread at atirne on the object/variable to manipulate the data through synchronization concepts. By default ourservlet class object and its instance variable are not thread safe because our servlet program is singlein stance and multiple threads component. To make our servlet program and its instance variables asthread safe work with either synchronized service/doXxx (-,-) methods or synchronized blocks inservice/doXxx(-,-) methods.


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_) The oiand oton e java oppucor;or,aohc,", os rAt. Grnpi larldn cnd ede.lrr'cm trrEe.5 p lc c? -e.- &-rrr.n d fDr^Pf' ti

Serl ttt pvogram &rnprtcrgon -lures plc.ce 8o" co-r"r:t'd pmrnpt and rhe x es-rt{on+cres ptote -lt6m Ee^J tcf G"tc'lrg'r '

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olro

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zl?o\r'>

Sr-it"tt6-io wu6r;te


111/209

//D05tv' jc.va (Sby"s $""r.r ro DB slto Commurucqllo'a C$ln? o+1.,4od, -)im|irt javar '6ew l]- ' { )

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112/209

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trqt"


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iP (con \ =nur r )ftrn.ctoset);l caM[aaPHon e1I e' P"rrr*5"nr:IraceL)? f

J /t*r*sc:;J/aassl> javac DB6w.javqg -in*Mat e J-rJ.,c tba+ o&rcI+;lar Arc is rn plaoe in NEB-aNF

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114/209

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xcngru?4 lherrn0 rn uEB-rNF I c\ct$tra sn rhe yrv h,el\-j

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oor xtc(nol SQ/YU{I(

uttfi 'f ut)o a+llw"Rq-

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I Ptocedr,te Lo develop c{k ve G.xk'tpLla"l &t Q usinS llyEcripse E.x*p-t:- creolr odf.lBo$e tab) e in oraclc-

--' 6E?$'"- Deside tbe sar- guzrrtr b 6e urccl t .),69r-2 Sete.r coL(ol C x ) &o- use'1lis F ohn uoo-e = 'lqgc^' and Rld = Taru J\--r to"tt t* ) (uo" "d crcde n ri e ncg )x

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*q, -g ;- Addond &'Et-.F Ojdbe 14 .lqttbe ft'Dj thi I 7


117/209

ft^rsrrJod ', 4t lLLt igPe = " Kxr'z;nPd bPe ="su'b-it"

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// Loitns'v' javc' (s.tt'r to DB sl"o J "rcr ocrt"c- LtsinS ff1gro eoln e ) ''f enr.r +sbiP t O 9{+ Pac}',{ ecnxt+sl'iPl + i )

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0{d = rts Ponse ' 3u [nl' lR'r ( ) I

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I ll s" f-- lata as +L" "ltl1 f&ravn Votrrte4ps.ser5nr"g ( e,nra);

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iP (rs'ne*ttr ) ,.n'gsu11 = rS ' EaJ-&r Cl) ;

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servlets complete notes (natraz).pdf

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