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NEBC ‐ 2019NW Remediation Conference

Digging The Hole (Part III):Construction Site Management10.3.2019

Clear Water Services

• Markets Served

• Construction Stormwater

• Remediation/Dewatering

• Industrial/Municipal Stormwater

• Oil/Gas

• Technology Neutral

• Treatability/Pilot 

• “Best Fit” Approach

• Services 

• Consulting / Design

• Installation & Training

• On‐Going O&M Support

• Manufacturing Capabilities

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Table of Contents

Permitting Basics

Means & Methods

Red Flags & Pit Falls

Recommendations from the industry

Case Study #1: Pier 62/63

Case Study #2:  E335/340/OMFE

Case Study #3:  North Edge

Where to Start?

• Environmental Review

• Hire a Professional

• Discharge Permit

• Water Management Plan

• Conveyance and Collection

• Treatment Train Selection

• Implementation and Monitoring

• Assumptions are key!

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PermittingNotice of Intent for CSWGP

SWPPP

Public Notice

DoE Review

o 30 Day minimum

o 90 Day allotment

o Startup batch sampling

Alternate Options

o Sanitary

o Haul out

Sampling Frequency Sample TypeIndicator Level,

µg/L unless otherwise notedRequired Analytical

Protocol (Or equivalent)Detection

Level, µg/LQuantitation Level, µg/L

Batch/Weekly Grab 10 a EPA 8270 10 10Batch/Weekly Grab 0.6 2 EPA 625 0.3 0.6Batch/Weekly Grab 0.6 a EPA 625 0.3 0.6Batch/Weekly Grab 0.6 2 EPA 625 0.3 0.6Batch/Weekly Grab 0.6 a EPA 625 0.3 0.6

Batch/Weekly Grab 0.6 a EPA 625 0.3 0.6Batch/Weekly Grab 1.6 a EPA 625 0.8 1.6

Batch/Weekly Grab 2.0 a EPA 624/8260 1.0 2.0Batch/Weekly Grab 2.0 a EPA 624 or SM6210B 1.0 2.0Batch/Weekly Grab 2.0 a EPA 624 1.0 2.0Batch/Weekly Grab 2.0 a EPA 624 1.9 7.6Batch/Weekly Grab 2.0 a EPA 624 1.0 2.0Batch/Weekly Grab 5.0 a EPA 8260 5.0 5.0Batch/Weeklv Grab 5.0 a EPA 8260 5.0 5.0

Batch/Weekly Grab 250 a NWTPH-Dx 250 250

Batch/Weekly Grab 250 a NWTPH-Gx 250 250

Batch/Weekly Grab 2 a EPA SW 846 8021/8260 1 2

Batch/Weekly Grab 0.6 a EPA 625 0.3 0.6

Batch/Weekly Grab 0.2.4b EPA 608/8081 0.025 0.05

Batch/Weekly Grab 360 b EPA 200.8 0.1 0.5Batch/Weekly Grab 15 e EPA 200 .8 0.2 1.0Batch/Week Iv Grab 23.5 b EPA 200.8 0.1 0. 5

BenchmarkBatch/Weekly Grab 25 NTUBatch/Weeklv Grab 6.5 - 8.5 SU

ab

c

d

e

METALS

PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS

Fluoranthene

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH)

CARCINOGINIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (cPAH)

Chlordane (57-74-9)

- PESTIC1DES '

Pollutant & CAS No. (if available)

1-Methylnaphthalene (90-12-0)Pyrene (129-00-0)Fluorene (86-73-7)Phenanthrene (85-01-8)

Chloroform (67-66-3)Chlorobenzene (108-90-7)

VOLATILE"ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCs)

n-propylbenzene (103-65-1)

1,2-Dichlorobenzene (95-50-1)Vinyl chloride (75-01-4)

NWTPH-Gx = Northwest Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons for gasoline range organics.Indicator Level total chromium is actually for hexavalent chromium using Acute - Freshwater Toxic Substances Criteria (WAC 173-201A-240) . Because there is no water quality standards for total chromium.

TurbiditypH

No surface water standard, value is laboratory quantitation level.

SM2130SM4500-H+ B

Benzo(a)anthracene (56-55-3)Benzo(b)fluoranthene (205-99-2

Trichloroethylene (79-01-6)

Acute - Freshwater Criteria (173-201A-240 WAC) Based on Hardness of 40.0 mg/I for Hardness Dependent Metals.NWTPH-Dx = Northwest Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons - Semi-volatile ("diesel") for diesel range organics and ' heavy oils (includes iet fuels kerosene, diesel-oils, hydraulic fluids mineral oils, lubricatinq oils and fuel oils).

Lead - Total (7439-92-1)

ParameterConstruction Stormwater General Permit Benchmarks ·

Analytical Method ·

Arsenic - Total (7440-38-2)Chromium - Total (7440-47-3)

BTEX (benzene+toluene+ethylbenzene+ m,o,P xylenes)

Naphthalene (91-20-3)

Diesel & Oil-Range Hydrocarbons (NWTPH-Dx) c

Gasoline-Ran e Hydrocarbons (NWTPH-Gx)

1,3,5 -Trimethylbenzene (108-67-8)

Discharge Permitting Basics

• Stormwater Discharge• + Higher Flow, no volume fee• ‐ Lower contaminant benchmarks, more sampling• ‐ Longer permit lead times• = Best for higher volume/flow

• Sanitary • + Higher contaminant benchmarks, less sampling• ‐ Billed @ $/gallon• = Best for short duration, low volume/flow

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Administrative Order: Treatment Technologyhttps://ecology.wa.gov/Regulations‐Permits/Guidance‐technical‐assistance/Stormwater‐permittee‐guidance‐resources/Contaminated‐water‐on‐construction‐

sitesThe Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) provides the following reference table as a courtesy. The table below shows treatment systems (listed across the top) that may be effective in treating specific contaminants (listed down the side). 

Ecology has not evaluated the effectiveness of any of the following treatment systems. Users should evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment systems prior to implementation and confirm that the chosen treatment system does not cause or contribute to a violation of Water Quality Standards. Ecology does not guarantee or endorse any of the listed treatment 

systems below.

Granular Activated 

Carbon (GAC)

Powder Activated 

Carbon (PAC)

Acid washed GAC

Metal Removal 

Media

Organoclay

Sand Filters*

Air Strippers

Ion Exchange

 Resins

Electrocagulation

Contaminant Contaminant Ranges (ug/L)For Low pH solutions

Treats dissolved ionic compounds

Diesel 10.0‐3,400 X X X X X X

Gasoline 13.0‐3,600 X X X X X X

BTEX N/A X X X 2 X

Acetone N/A X X X 2 X X

Benzene 0.02‐19,000 X X X 2 X

2‐Butaone N/A X X X 2 X

Carbon Disulfide N/A X X X 2 X

cis‐1,2 DCE 0.08‐24,000 X X X 2 X

Ethylbenzene N/A X X X 2 X

MEK N/A X X X 2 X

PCE 0.11‐715 X X X 2 X

Pentachlorophenol N/A X X X 2 X

Toluene 0.06‐22000 X X X 2 X

1,1,1 TCA 0.04‐5,600 X X X 2 X X

TCE 0.01‐42,000 X X X X 2 X

Vinyl Chloride 0.02‐13,000 X X X X 2 X

Acenaphthene N/A X X X X 1 X X

Acenaphthylene N/A X X X X 1 X X

Anthracene N/A X X X X 1 X X

Fluranthene N/A X X X X 1 X X

Fluorene N/A X X X X 1 X X

1‐methylnaphthalene N/A X X X X 1 X X

2‐methylnaphthalene N/A X X X X 1 X X

Naphthalene N/A X X X X 1 X X

Phenanthrene N/A X X X X 1 X X

Pyrene N/A X X X X 1 X X

Benzo(a)Anthracene 0.02‐81 X X X X 1 X X

Benzo(a)Pyrene 0.02‐30 X 2 X X

Benzo(b)flouranthene 0.01‐40 X 2 X X

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 0.03‐7.4 X 2 X X

Benzo(j)flouranthene 0.02‐34 X 2 X X

Benzo(k)flouranthene N/A X 2 X X

Chrysene N/A X 2 X X

Dibenzo(a,h)Anthracene N/A X 2 X X

Indeno(1,2,3‐c,d)Pyrene N/A X X X X 2 X X

PCBs 0.017‐21,000 X X X X X

Arsenic 0.008‐60,000 X X X X X 3 X

Barium 5.0 ‐ 64 X X

Cadmium N/A X X X X X X X

Chromium(total) 0.1‐4,580 X X X X X X X X

Chromium(hex) 0.06‐241 X X X X X X X X

Copper 0.06‐115,000 X X X X X

Lead 5‐203 X X X X X X

Mercury 0.02‐1,040 X X X X X X X X

Nickel 5.0‐673 X X X X X

Selenium 1.0 ‐ 9.5 X X 3 X X

Silver 0.002 ‐ 0.66 X X X X X

Zinc 0.001‐1,720 X X X X

Treatment and Remediation OptionsChemically Enhanced Sand Filtration (CESF)

• Chitosan & Polysaccharide Blends• Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC)• Ferric Chloride

Multi‐Media Filtration & Adsorption• Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)

• Zeolite & Organoclay• Ion Exchange Resin

In situ Remediation• Bioremediation• Thermal Oxidation / Vapor Extraction

Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF)

Air Stripping

Electrocoagulation (EC)

Chemical Oxidization • Potassium Permanganate

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Collection & ConveyanceBest:Well‐point / hard line

Good:Sumps / hard line

Not‐good:Perimeter trench

Worst:“We’ll figure it out”__________________Bottom Line: Have a Plan

Do I really Need all of this?

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Comparing Apples & Oranges

Assumptions are Key

• Flow• Volume

• Duration• Concentration

• 60GPM Passive Carbon Filtration• Gravity Feed 4’ x 10’• Hydrocarbons, metals etc.

• 1,000 GPM CESF with carbon• 25’ x +/-300’• High sediment loading• Hydrocarbons, metals etc.

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Red flags & Pit‐falls

• Don’t do this

• Watch for change Of circumstance

• Change of contaminants

• Change of flow / Volume

• Concerning contaminants• Vinyl Chloride

• Low Level Metals

• PFAS/PFOS (ppt)

• Acetone & DRO/GRO

• Protect your media from fouling

• Budget for media consumption

Recommendations from the Industry PerspectiveGet your team involved early

o Permitting

o Design

Accurate data = Accurate budget

Assumptions are Key!

Consider site limitations

o Discharge Flow Rate

Vs.

o Available footprint

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North Lake Union Projects

Requirements

• 200 GPM

• 15’ x 220’

• Contaminants of Concern:• Turbidity & pH

• TPH (Dx, Gx, DRO)

• VOCs

• PCBs & PAHs

• Metals

• Vinyl Chloride

• 10 Min. Residence Time  

• Sanitary Discharge • During Batch Phase

• Treatment Contingencies• KMnO4

• Air Stripper

Complications

• “Balance” Dewatering Rate

• Space & Layout is Key

Sound Transit Bellevue Projects

Requirements

• 1000 GPM

• 25’ x 300’

• Contaminants of Concern:

• Turbidity & pH

• TPH (Dx, Gx, DRO)

• VOCs

• PAHs

• Metals

• CESF/GAC

• 10 Min. Residence  

• Sanitary Option as Backup

• Huge Footprint Available

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Pier 62/63 ProjectRequirements

• 600 GPM

• 22’ x 220’

• Contaminants of Concern:• TPH (Dx, Gx)• PCBs• PAHs• Metals

• CESF/GAC

• 10 Min. Residence  

Complications

• No Sanitary/POTW Option• Salt Water

• Elliott Bay TMDLs• Copper

• Contingency Treatment• pH Mgmt. (7.75 –

8.5)• Ferric Chloride 

Laws, regulations, and references• Chapter 90.48 Revised Code of Washington (RCW)‐ State of Washington Water Pollution Control Act.• Chapter 173‐201A Washington Administrative Code (WAC)‐Water Quality Standards For Surface Waters of 

the State of Washington.• National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Construction Stormwater General Permit No. 

WAR######. – Specific to project.• Pollution Control Hearings Board Website: www.elfo.wa.gov/Boards_PCHB.aspx• Chapter 43.21B RCW - Environmental Hearings Office - Pollution Control Hearings Board:

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspz?cite=43.21B• Chapter 371-08 WAC - Practice and Procedure:

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=371-08• Chapter 34.05 RCW - Administrative Procedure Act:• http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=34.05• Laws: www.ecy.wa.gov/laws‐rules/ecyrcw.html• Rules: www.ecy.wa.gov/laws‐rules/ecywac.html

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Thank You

Duncan MedlinProject Manger

Clear Water Services, LLC. 360‐280‐0508