service and feeder calculations - jade learning · 2020-01-21 · service and feeder calculations...

Service and Feeder Calculations

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Class Schedule:8:00 AM – 9:15 AM Part 1

9:15 AM – 9:30 AM Break

9:30 AM – 10:30 AM Part 2

10:30 AM – 10:45 AM Break

10:45 AM – 11:50 AM Part 3

Full class handouts: www.jadelearning.com/ncclass

Instructors: Michael Caudle, Gary Mullis, Ben Wesley



CE Class Information• This class is worth 4-hours of continuing education credit

for the North Carolina Board of Examiners of Electrical Contractors.

• Within 2 business days:e

You will receive your certificate of completion by email. You will receive an emailed discount code for $25 off any

online or homestudy course. Your hours will be reported to North Carolina.

If you need to reciprocate your hours to another state or have any questions, please call the office at 1-800-443-5233 or email [email protected]

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Course Description

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This course will introduce electricians to Service Calculations:

• Standard (General) Method • Optional Method



Course Objectives

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Upon completion of this 4-hour course you will be able to:

• Collect necessary data to initiate a service calculation

• Perform a standard dwelling unit service .calculation

• Perform the optional calculating method

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What is a Service Calculation?

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A service calculation is the NEC prescribed procedure for sizing service conductors, service equipment, and feeders to meet the electrical demands of a home or business.



Utility OwnedService Drop(not calculated by the NEC)


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A service calculation is the NEC prescribed procedure for sizing service conductors, service equipment, and feeders to meet the electrical demands of a home or business.

Service Conductors

Service Equipment

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Interesting FactNEC 230.66 states: The meter socket is not considered part of the service equipment.


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Service Equipment

NotService

Equipment




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A service calculation takes into account the known loads that are expected to be installed in the home or business, as well as the loads yet to be determined.

For example………….

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For Example

• What are the specific lighting fixtures?• What changes will the homeowner make to the lighting in the

future?

The NEC prescribed service calculation will cause that service equipment ampacity to be large enough based on the square footage of the dwelling to accommodate that unknown lighting load.




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Another Example

• Which loads will be plugged into the general-use receptacles?• How many will be plugged in and used at once?

The NEC prescribed service calculation will cause the service equipment to be large enough based on the square footage of the dwelling to accommodate these unknown loads that will connect to the general-use 120V receptacles.

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Two Types of Service Calculations

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Standard Method:

• The standard method is the more complex method for calculating a service.

• Considers loads on more of an individual basis versus lumping loads together.

• Typically produces the larger number in amps of the two approved methods.




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Optional Method:

• The second method is referred to by the NEC as the Optional method.

• Simplest of the two procedures• Produces a smaller number in amps (generally). This allows

for the use of smaller service conductors and smaller service equipment.

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Standard and Optional Methods: Both methods are approved by Article 220 of the NEC. Even if you prefer one method exclusively in the field, either method can be on a licensing exam.



Can the NEC Service Calculation be Wrong?

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The NEC prescribed service calculation increases the service size (in amps) to accommodate two different load types: (1) The known loads such as heat & A/C systems, trash compactors, dishwashers, ranges, clothes dryers, etc.

(2) The unknown loads such as customer preferred lighting fixtures and various loads connected to general-use receptacles.

But the homeowner can always choose to plug enough loads into general-use receptacles to overload the service main.

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Standard Method for a Dwelling

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To calculate the electrical service of a dwelling unit using the Standard Method, two kinds of information must be gathered during the course of the calculation:

(1) The square footage of the dwelling unit. The square footage is part of the General Lighting portion of the calculation. Working in conjunction with Table 220.12, it informs the electrician how many amps to increase the service size for illuminating rooms and supplying power for all general-use receptacles in the house (unknown loads).

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(2) The known loads expected to be installed in the dwelling unit. The volt-amps are taken directly from the load’s nameplate, or conversion formulas are provided in the NEC for replacing the nameplate ratings.

To calculate the electrical service of a dwelling unit using the Standard Method, two kinds of information must be gathered during the course of the calculation:



The Parts of a Service Calculation

1. General Lighting (increases service size based on square footage of the dwelling to allow for several types of loads.)

2. Heat and A/C3. Fastened in Place Appliances4. Clothes Dryer5. Range6. Largest Motor

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1. General Lighting increases the service size to allow for not only lighting & general-use receptacles, but small appliance circuits & the 120V laundry circuit too!

2And NEC 220.14(J) Establishes this Permission:3. Fastened in Place Appliances

4. Clothes Dryer5. Range6. Largest Motor

In one-family, two-family, and multifamily dwellings and in guest rooms or guest suites of hotels and motels, the outlets specified in (J)(1), (J)(2), and (J)(3) are included in the general lighting load calculations of 220.12.

No additional load calculations shall be required for such outlets.

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2. H NEC 220.52(A) Also Establishes this Permission:3. Fastened in Place Appliances


AND…

Stating that no less than two small appliance circuits, as required by 210.11(C)(1), shall be added to each dwelling unit service calculation at 1500 volt-amps (VA) each, and it shall be permitted to be included in the general lighting portion of the calculation.

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1. General Lighting2. Fastened in Place Appliances

4. Clothes Dryer5. Ra

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2. HNEC 220.52(B) Establishes this Permission as Well:3. Fastened in Place Appliances


Stating that a load of not less than 1500 volt-amps (VA) each shall be included for each laundry branch circuit as required by 210.11(C)(2), and that it too shall be permitted to be included in the general lighting portion of the calculation.

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1. General Lighting2. Fastened in Place Appliances

4. Clothes Dryer5. Ra



Data Collectiond

(Square Footage)

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1. General Lighting (increases the service size to allow for room lighting & the general-use receptacles in the home, as well as circuits feeding receptacles in the kitchen & laundry.)

2. Heat and AC3. Fastened in Place Appliances4. Clothes Dryer5. Range6. Largest Motor

To calculate General Lighting the square footage of the dwelling must be determined.

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How to Determine Square FootageNEC 220.12

You must determine the outside dimensions of the dwelling. But do NOT include:

• open porches, • garages, or • unused or unfinished spaces

not adaptable for future use.

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Let’s Calculate Dimensions of this Home (NEC 220.12)Measurements exclude: Open porches, garages, or unused & unfinished non-adaptable spaces.

Length: 53 ft. 3 in → 53.25 ft.

Width: 30 ft. 3 in → 30.25 ft.Multiply: 53.25 x 30.25 = 1611 sq. ft.Subtract the open porch of 46 sq. ft. and the total square footage is:d

1565 sq. ft.

53’ 3”

30’ 3”

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1565 sq. ft. is the number we will use when referring to Table 220.12

for our General Lighting Load.

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General Lighting Load by Occupancy (T220.12)



1565 sq. ft X 3 VA per sq. ft. = 4695 VA

But don’t forget the TWO small appliance circuits and ONE laundry circuit that are to be included in this General Lighting math. Each is worth 1500 VA, for a total of 4500 VA.

Let’s look at that math…..


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1565 sq. ft. X 3 VA per sq. ft. = 4695 VA+

1500 VA for each required Small Appliance Branch Circuit (1500 VA x 2 = 3000 VA)

+1500 VA for the required Laundry Branch Circuit

4695 VA + 3000 VA +1500 VA = 9195 VA




Table 220.42 (Saving Us Money on Our Service Size)

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Recap of the General Lighting Load Math

Dwelling sq. ft. (1565) x 3VA = 4,695 VASmall Appliance (1,500 VA x 2 circuits) = 3,000 VALaundry circuit = 1,500 VA

Total = 9,195 VA

3000 VA (of the 9195) at 100% = 3,000 VARemaining 6195 VA at 35% = 2,168 VAAdd the original 3,000 VA back to the 2,168 VA =

= General Lighting Load




1. General Lighting


Line Neutral

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Data Collectiond

(Known Loads)

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1. General Lighting 5168 VA 5168 VA


Line Neutral

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• When we hear the word “coincidence” we think of two events coinciding - occurring at the same time.

• Heat and A/C units are considered noncoincidence loads and are regulated by 220.60 Noncoincidence loads.

• 220.60 says that we can simply omit from our calculation whichever unit pulls less VA, since the units do not run at the same time.

• If we calculate the larger unit, the math will support the smaller unit when it is running.

Heat and Air Conditioning (A/C)NEC 220.60 Noncoincidence loads

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• Here is the Heating unit and A/C unit going into our 1565 sq. ft. dwelling unit:

• HEAT: 11,000 VA Heat Strip Electric Furnace• A/C: 2-Ton 24,000BTU 18-amp 240-volt Condensing Unit

You can omit the smaller of these two units ..but which is smaller? Let’s calculate……


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• HEAT: 11,000 VA Heat Strip Electric Furnace• A/C: 2-Ton 24,000 BTU 18-amp 240-volt condensing unit

Heat is simply 11,000VA at face value.A/C will require using Ohms Law.


EI

PIntensity: 18A x Electromotive Force: 240V4,320 VA (A/C Unit)

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Heat is larger at 11,000VA and will be added to our Service Calculation.


EI

P

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1. General Lighting 5168 VA 5168 VA

2. Heat and A/C 3. Fastened in Place Appliances4. Clothes Dryer5. Range6. Largest Motor

Line Neutral

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1. General Lighting 5168 VA 5168 VA2. Heat and A/C 11000 VA 0

3. Fastened in Place Appliances


Line Neutral

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210.52 (B) Small Appliances(1) Receptacle Outlets Served. In the kitchen, pantry, breakfast room, dining room, or similar area of a dwelling unit, the two or more 20-ampere small-appliance branch circuits required by 210.11(C)(1) shall serve all wall and floor receptacle outlets covered by 210.52(A), all countertop outlets covered by 210.52(C), and receptacle outlets for refrigeration equipment.

Exception No. 2: In addition to the required receptacles specified by 210.52, a receptacle outlet to serve a specific appliance shall be permitted to be supplied from an individual branch circuit rated 15 amperes or greater.

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Fastened in Place AppliancesNEC 220.53

1. 4kw (240V) Water Heater2. 2kw (120V) Dishwasher3. 1/2 hp 9.8A (120V) Compactor4. 1/3 hp 7.2A (120V) Disposal5. 1 hp 8A (240V) Pool pump

Here are the known fastened in place appliances being installed in our 1565 sq. ft. dwelling unit:

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xLet’s convert these appliances to volt-amps (VA)

1. 4kw (240V) Water Heater = 4000 VA2. 2kw (120V) Dishwasher = 2000 VA3. 1/2 hp 9.8A (120V) Compactor = 1176 VA4. 1/3 hp 7.2A (120V) Disposal = 864 VA5. 1 hp 8A (240V) Pool pump = 1920 VA

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220.53 Appliance Load

It shall be permissible to apply a demand factor of 75 percent to the nameplate rating load of four or more appliances fastened in place, other than electric ranges, clothes dryers, space-heating equipment, or air-conditioning equipment, that are served by the same feeder or service in a one-family, two-family, or multifamily dwelling.

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1. 4kw (240V) Water Heater = 4000 VA2. 2kw (120V) Dishwasher = 2000 VA3. 1/2 hp 9.8A (120V) Compactor = 1176 VA4. 1/3 hp 7.2A (120V) Disposal = 864 VA5. 1 hp 8A (240V) Pool pump = + 1920 VA

9960 VA x.75

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9960 VA x.757470 VA

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3. Fastened in Place


Line Neutral

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xLet’s find and omit the 240V fastened appliances


4040 VA x.753030 VA applies to neutral side

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3. Fastened in Place4. Clothes Dryer5. Range6. Largest Motor

Line Neutral


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1. General Lighting 5168 VA 5168 VA2. Heat and A/C 11000 VA 03. Fastened in Place 7470 VA 3030 VA


Line Neutral

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Clothes DryerNEC 220.54

Clothes dryers can be gas or electric based on the customer’s preference, but NEC 220.54 requires that room (in amps) be made in the electrical service for no less than a 5kw (5000 VA) clothes dryer.

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Table 220.54 states that up to 4 dryers are calculated at 100%

5 dryers or more are factored into the service calculation at less than 100% of their combined ratings.

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The clothes dryer being installed in our 1565 sq. ft. dwelling unit is 4kw (4000VA).

A 4000 VA dryer requires that 5000 VA be entered into the line side column of our service calculation, and 70% in the neutral column, per 220.61(B).5000 x .70 = 3,500

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1. General Lighting 5168 VA 5168 VA2. Heat and A/C 11000 VA 03. Fastened in Place 7470 VA 3030 VA

4. Clothes Dryer 5. Range6. Largest Motor

Line Neutral

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1. General Lighting 5168 VA 5168 VA2. Heat and A/C 11000 VA 03. Fastened in Place 7470 VA 3030 VA4. Clothes Dryer 5000 VA 3500 VA

5. Range6. Largest Motor

Line Neutral

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Ranges (Cooking Appliances)

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Ranges (Cooking Appliances)

• 8kW was determined for our range. This will go on the line side of the calculation.

• NEC 220.61 governs neutrals not only for clothes dryers, but ranges too! Both clothes dryers and ranges increase the neutral side of the service calculation by 70%

• 70% of 8kW needs to be inserted for the neutral side of the range portion of the service calculation.8000 x .70 = 5,600

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1. General Lighting 5168 VA 5168 VA2. Heat and A/C 11000 VA 03. Fastened in Place 7470 VA 3030 VA4. Clothes Dryer 5000 VA 3500 VA

5. Range6. Largest Motor

Line Neutral

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1. General Lighting 5168 VA 5168 VA2. Heat and A/C 11000 VA 03. Fastened in Place 7470 VA 3030 VA4. Clothes Dryer 5000 VA 3500 VA 5. Range 8000 VA 5600 VA6. Largest Motor

Line Neutral

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Largest Motor (25%)NEC 220.50

xNEC 220.50 requires us to determine the largest motor using FLC (amps) from the Motor Tables

(T430.247 – T430.250) in the NEC.

1. 4kw (240V) Water Heater = 4000 VA2. 2kw (120V) Dishwasher = 2000 VA3. 1/2 hp 9.8A (120V) Compactor = 1176 VA4. 1/3 hp 7.2A (120V) Disposal = 864 VA5. 1 hp 8A (240V) Pool pump = 1920 VA

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Largest Motor (25%)NEC 220.50

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3. 1/2 hp 9.8A (120V) Compactor = 1176 VA

1176 VA x .25 = 294 VA

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1. General Lighting 5168 VA 5168 VA2. Heat and A/C 11000 VA 03. Fastened in Place 7470 VA 3030 VA4. Clothes Dryer 5000 VA 3500 VA 5. Range 8000 VA 5600 VA6. Largest Motor

Line Neutral

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1. General Lighting 5168 VA 5168 VA2. Heat and A/C 11000 VA 03. Fastened in Place 7470 VA 3030 VA4. Clothes Dryer 5000 VA 3500 VA 5. Range 8000 VA 5600 VA6. Largest Motor 294 VA 294 VA

36,932 VA 17,592 VA

Line Neutral

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Determine the Minimum Size Service NEC 310.15(B)(7)

Single-Phase Dwelling Services and Feeders.

For one family dwellings and the individual dwelling units of two-family and multifamily dwellings, service and feeder conductors supplied by a single-phase, 120/240-volt system from 100A up to 400A shall be permitted to be sized at 83% of the Service Equipment rating.




36,932 VA 17,592 VA÷ ÷

240 Volts 240 Volts

Line Neutral

154 Amps 73 Amps

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175A Service Equipment Rating per NEC 240.6

Calculation:154 A



83% of 175A = 145.25 A - Table 310.15(B)(16)

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1/0 Cu at 75°C

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A Look at the 83% Table - 310.15(B)(7)



Calculating the Neutral Conductor

36,932 VA 17,592 VA÷ ÷

240 Volts 240 Volts

Line Neutral

154 Amps 73 Amps220.61 Feeder or Service Neutral Load.(A) Basic Calculation. The feeder or service neutral load shall be the maximum unbalance of the load determined by this article. The maximum unbalanced load shall be the maximum net calculated load between the neutral conductor and any one ungrounded conductor.

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A Final Note About the Service Equipment as a DisconnectNEC 230.79

230.79 Rating of Service Disconnecting Means. The service disconnecting means shall have a rating not less than the calculated load to be carried, determined in accordance with Part III, IV, or V of Article 220, as applicable. In no case shall the rating be lower than specified in 230.79(A), (B), (C), or (D).

(C) One-Family Dwellings. For a one-family dwelling, the service disconnecting means shall have a rating of not less than 100 amperes, 3-wire.



Determine the Grounding Electrode Conductor

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Annex D - Example



Optional Method for a Dwelling

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Optional Method

The Optional Method of calculating a service begins at Part IV of Article 220, specifically Section 220.80.



Optional Method

What is the Optional Method?

In a Nutshell: The Optional Method allows us to calculate a service by adding all loads together except the heat and A/C load. We then apply a demand factor from T220.82(B), and only then add the heat or A/C load according to 220.82(C).

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Optional Method

NEC 220.82(A) tells us where we can use this Optional Method. It says the Optional Method applies to the following dwelling units:

• A dwelling unit having its total connected load served by a single 120/240-volt or 208Y/120-volt set of 3-wire service or feeder conductors with an ampacity of 100A or greater.



Optional Method

NEC 220.82(A) goes on to tell us that the first step in calculating a service using the Optional Method is to add together all loads specified in 220.82(B) & (C).

And 220.61 shall determine the neutral conductor.

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220.82(B) General Load: The general calculated load shall be not less than 100 percent of the first 10 kVA plus 40 percent of the remainder of the following loads:(1) 3-VA per sq. ft. (2) 4500-VA for two small appliance and one laundry branch circuit.(3) The nameplate rating of all the following:• All appliances fastened in place, permanently connected, or located

to be on a specific circuit.• All cooking equipment (ranges, ovens, etc.).• All clothes dryers not powered by the required 120V laundry

branch circuit (such as gas dryers).• All water heaters.• All motors permanently connected that are not part of the

aforementioned equipment (use amps or VA from the nameplate).



220.82(C) Heating and Air-Conditioning Load. The largest of the following six selections (in VA) shall be included in the calculation.

Select the largest equipment using 6 different equipment scenarios. Let’s look at those 6 scenarios:

Optional Method

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1. 100 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of the air conditioning and cooling.

Optional Method



2. 100 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of the heat pump when the heat pump is used without any supplementalelectric heating.

Optional Method

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3. 100 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of the heat pump compressor and 65 percent of the supplemental electric heating for central electric space-heating systems. If the heat pump compressor is prevented from operating at the same time as the supplementary heat, it does not need to be added to the supplementary heat for the total central space heating load.

Optional Method



4. 65 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of electric space heating if less than four separately controlled units.

Optional Method

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5. 40 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of electric space heating if four or more separately controlled units.

Optional Method



6. 100 percent of the nameplate ratings of electric thermal storage and other heating systems where the usual load is expected to be continuous at the full nameplate value.Systems qualifying under this selection shall not be calculatedunder any other selection in 220.82(C).

Optional Method

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1. Calculate the General Load

In the optional method, all loads except heat and A/C are part of the general load. Add them all together for a total VA.• The first 10,000 VA is retained at 100%• The remaining VA is retained at 40%. Add these together for

your total general load.Remember: Lighting & general-use receptacles are again based on sq. ft. of the dwelling x 3 VA per sq. ft. The two small-appliance branch circuits and one laundry branch circuit are also included at 1500VA each.

Let’s Recap the Basics of the Optional Method



Calculating the General Load Includes All Loads

“All loads except heat and A/C”really means all loads!Lights & ReceptaclesSm. Appliance Circuits Laundry CircuitFastened in Place AppliancesClothes DryersRanges, CooktopsCooking EquipmentWater HeatersMotors

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Let’s Calculate our Dwelling (Optional Method)

Remember our Dwelling?c

Not counting the garage oropen porch, we calculated1565 sq. ft. X3VA

4,695 VA

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4,695 VA+4,500 VA (2 Sm. App. and

1 Laundry Circuit)9,195 VA

x

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Remember our loads?c

9,195 VA+ all loads exceptHeat and A/C

1. Water Heater = 4000 VA2. Dishwasher = 2000 VA3. Compactor = 1176 VA4. Disposal = 864 VA5. Pool pump = 1920 VA6. Dryer = 5000 VA7. Range = 11000 VA

25,960 VA




Remember our Dwelling?c

9,195 VA+25,960 VA

35,155 VA

1. Water Heater = 4000 VA2. Dishwasher = 2000 VA3. Compactor = 1176 VA4. Disposal = 864 VA5. Pool pump = 1920 VA6. Dryer = 5000 VA7. Range = 11000 VA

25,960 VA

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Remember the Rules?c

35,155 VAThe first 10,000 VA at 100%The remaining VA at 40%

That means:35,155 VA – 10,000 VA= 25,155 VA @ 40%= 10,062 VA10,062 VA + the original 10,000 VA = 20,062 VA




Remember the Rules?c

20,062 VA is our General Load and it includes everything except our Heat and A/C

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Remember our Heat and A/C from the Standard Method?c

20,062 VA

Our Heat and A/C units were:

• HEAT: 11,000 VA Heat Strip Electric Furnace

• AC: 4,320 VA 18-amp 240-V Condensing Unit

is the General Load



1. 100 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of the air conditioning and cooling.

2. 100 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of the heat pump when the heat pump is used without any supplementalelectric heating.

3. 100 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of the heat pump compressor and 65 percent of the supplemental electric heating for central electric space-heating systems. If the heat pump compressor is prevented from operating at the same time as the supplementary heat, it does not need to be added to the supplementary heat for the total central space heating load.

Optional Method

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5. 40 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of electric space heating if four or more separately controlled units.

6. 100 percent of the nameplate ratings of electric thermal storage and other heating systems where the usual load is expected to be continuous at the full nameplate value.Systems qualifying under this selection shall not be calculated

…..under any other selection in 220.82(C).

Optional Method




Optional Method

11,000 VA Heat x .65 = 7150 VAOur A/C unit is ---------4,320 VA

The Electric Heat Strip Furnace is the larger of the two. We shall use it in our calculation. Let’s combine the Heating Load of 7150 VA with the General Load we calculated earlier, and we will have the entire VA for our Optional Method Dwelling Unit Service Calculation.

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Optional Method

11,000 VA Heat x .65 = 7150 VA+ 20,062 VA General Load

27,212 VA (Total VA)

Standard Method of calculation produced 36,932 VA which was 154 Amps.

How many Amps will this 27,212 VA calculation produce?



Optional Method

27,212 VA (Total VA)÷240V

113.38 Amps.

Requires:125A Service Equipment Rating (240.6)

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125 A Service Equipment Rating per NEC 240.6

Calculation:113.38 A



Optional Method

113.38 Amps125A Service Equipment Rating (240.6)X .83 83% rule 310.15(B)(7)

Service conductors: 103.75 Amps

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83% of 125A = 103.75 A - Table 310.15(B)(16)

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#2 Cu at 75°C



Optional Method

125A Service Equipment Rating

103.75A Service Conductors (No. 2 AWG Cu)

This 125A service is much smaller than the 175A service required by the Standard Calculation Method, yet the loads in the dwelling are exactly the same!

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A Look at the 83% Table - 310.15(B)(7)



Calculating the Neutral Conductor When Performing the Optional Method Service Calculation

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220.61 Feeder or Service Neutral Load.(A) Basic Calculation. The feeder or service neutral load shall be the maximum unbalance of the load determined by this article. The maximum unbalanced load shall be the maximum net calculated load between the neutral conductor and any one ungrounded conductor.

It is the same procedure as calculating the Neutral Conductor during the Standard Method, refer to 220.61.

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Determining the Grounding Electrode Conductor During the Optional Method Calculation

It is the same procedure as calculating the GEC during the Standard Method, refer to 250.66



Annex D - Example

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North Carolina NEC Amendments

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NC DOI – State Specific

NC DOI Link: http://www.ncdoi.com/OSFM/Engineering_and_Codes/Default.aspx?field1=Codes_-_Current_and_Past&user=State_Building_Codes

2017 NEC Amendments: http://www.ncdoi.com/OSFM/Engineering_and_Codes/Documents/2017%20Amendments%20to%20be%20adopted%20with%20the%20NEC%20Version%201.pdf

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NC DOI – State Specific



Thank you from all of us at JADE Learning!

Questions?

Call: 1‐800‐443‐5233

Email: [email protected]

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