server virtualization: the essentials · what is virtualization? virtualization creates a level of...
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Server Virtualization: The Essentials Part 1 of 4
Jim SmithTeamQuest
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Agenda
Server Virtualization: The Essentials• What is virtualization? • Why consolidation and virtualization?• Advantages of Virtualization• Disadvantages of Virtualization• Different Approaches• CPU Measurements
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What is virtualization?
Virtualization creates a level of indirection or an abstraction layer between a physical object and the managing application.
Storage virtualization refers to the presentation of a simple file, logical volume or other storage object (ie. disk drive) to an application in such a way that allows the physical complexity of the storage to be hidden from both the storage administrator and theapplication.
Virtualization involves the process of presenting computing resources in ways that users and applications can easily get value out of them, rather than presenting them in a way dictated by their implementation, geographic location, or physical packaging.
Virtualization is an abstraction layer that decouples the physical hardware from the operating system to deliver greater IT resource utilization and flexibility.
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Why consolidation and virtualization?
Mainframes (Centralized Computing)
Open Systems (Distributed Computing)
Computer Sprawl (Application-driven)
Service Level (Business-driven)
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Advantages of Virtualization
Increased server utilization
Rapid service deployment
Hidden complexity
Reduction of datacenter footprint
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Disadvantages of Virtualization
Administration complexity
Skilled personnel
Confusion over different approaches
Confusion regarding standard statistics
Licensing issues
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Different Approaches
IBM (AIX)
Hewlett-Packard (HP-UX)
Sun Microsystems (Solaris)
VMware (ESX)
Microsoft (Windows Virtual Server)
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Different Approaches: IBM LPARs
Software
Hardware
Applications
AIX
Applications
AIX
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
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Different Approaches: IBM LPARs
Single OS in each LPARCPUs are not shared across LPARsCPUs are provisioned by whole CPUs
Software
Hardware
Applications
AIX
Applications
AIX
CPU CPU CPU CPU
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Different Approaches: Firmware, IBM Micropartitions
Software
Firmware
Hardware CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
POWER Hypervisor
Applications ApplicationsAIX AIX
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Different Approaches: Firmware, IBM Micropartitions
Multiple OSsPartial CPU configurationCPUs can be shared across LPARAIX sees physical and virtual CPUs
Software
Firmware
Hardware
Applications Applications
CPU CPU CPU CPU
AIX AIX
POWER Hypervisor
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Different Approaches: Hardware, NPAR
Software
Hardware
Applications
HPUX
Applications
HPUX
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
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Different Approaches: Hardware, NPAR
Single OS in each NPAR CPUs are not shared across NPARCPUs are provisioned by whole CPUs
Software
Hardware
Applications
HPUX
Applications
HPUX
CPU CPU CPU CPU
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Different Approaches: Firmware, HP VPAR
Software
Firmware
HardwareCPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
Virtual Partition Monitor
HP 9000 Firmware
Applications ApplicationsHPUX HPUX
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Different Approaches: Firmware, HP VPAR
Multiple O.S.sNo Partial CPU configuration (Core Granularity)CPUs can be shared across VPAR
Software
Firmware
Hardware
Applications Applications
CPU CPU CPU CPU
HPUX HPUX
Virtual Partition Monitor
HP 9000 Firmware
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Different Approaches: Hardware, Sun Domains
Software
Hardware
Applications
Solaris
Applications
Solaris
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
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Different Approaches: Hardware, Sun Domains
Single OS in each domain CPUs are not shared across domainsCPUs are provisioned by whole CPUs
Software
Hardware
Applications
Solaris
Applications
Solaris
CPU CPU CPU CPU
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Different Approaches: Software, Solaris Zones
Software
Hardware
Applications
Solaris 10
Applications
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
Zone Zone
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Different Approaches: Software, Solaris Zones
Single OS Physical CPUs are visible to the OS
Software
Hardware
Applications
Solaris 10
Applications
CPU CPU CPU CPU
Zone Zone
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Different Approaches: Firmware, Solaris LDOMS
Software
Firmware
Hardware CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
Solaris Hypervisor
Applications ApplicationsSolaris Solaris
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Different Approaches: Firmware, Solaris LDOMS
Multiple OSsPartial CPU configurationSolaris sees physical and virtual CPUs
Software
Firmware
Hardware
Applications Applications
CPU CPU CPU CPU
Solaris Solaris
Solaris Hypervisor
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Different Approaches: Software, VMware ESX Server
Software
Hardware
Applications
VMware ESX
Applications
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
Windows Linux
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Different Approaches: Software, VMware ESX Server
Single “host” OSPhysical CPUs visible to the host OS“Guest” OS sees virtual CPUs
Software
Hardware
Applications
VMware ESX
Applications
CPU CPU CPU CPU
Windows Linux
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Different Approaches: Software, Windows Virtual Server
Software
Hardware
Windows
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
CPU CPU
Memory Memory
I/O I/O
Windows Virtual Server
Applications ApplicationsWindows Windows
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Different Approaches: Software, Windows Virtual Server
Single “host” OSPhysical CPUs visible to the host OS“Guest” OS sees virtual CPUs
Software
Hardware
Applications
Windows
Applications
CPU CPU CPU CPU
Windows Windows
Windows Virtual Server
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CPU Measurements
Traditional CPU measurements now have very different meaningsCPU measurements are gathered from operating system APIsPay close attention to where you look for CPU resource usageThere is still real hardware somewhere
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Example Configuration – IBM Micropartition
POWER Hypervisor
Shared Pool Dedicated
Applications
AIX
VCPU
PCPU
VCPU
Applications
AIX
VCPU
Applications
AIX
VCPU VCPU
PCPU PCPU
VCPU
VS1 Configuration• 2-Virtual CPUs, 1-Entitled Capacity• Capped, SMT off, Shared Processor Pool
Single process running in VS1 using 45 seconds of a physical CPU in a 60 second interval
PCPU PCPU PCPU PCPU
VCPU VCPU VCPU VCPU
PCPU
VS1 VS2 VS3
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Virtual Processor
POWER Hypervisor
Shared Pool Dedicated
Applications
AIX
VCPU
CPU:Summary::%busyThe percentage of the virtual processor capacity consumed. Affected by both SMT and Capping.
PCPU PCPU
VCPU
Applications
AIX
VCPU VCPU
Applications
AIX
VCPU VCPU
PCPU PCPU
PCPU PCPU PCPU PCPU
VCPU VCPU VCPU VCPU
VS3VS2VS1
%busy = 37.5%
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Entitled ProcessorCPU:by LPAR::%entcThe percentage of the entitled processor capacity consumed by the partition.
POWER Hypervisor
Shared Pool Dedicated
Applications
AIX
VCPU
PCPU
VCPU
Applications
AIX
VCPU VCPU
Applications
AIX
VCPU VCPU
PCPU PCPU
PCPU PCPU PCPU PCPU
VCPU VCPU VCPU VCPU
PCPU
VS3VS2VS1
%entc = 75%
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Processor PoolCPU:by LPAR::%lpar_pool_busyThe percentage of the processor pool capacity consumed by the partition.
POWER Hypervisor
Shared Pool Dedicated
Applications
AIX
VCPU
PCPU PCPU
VCPU
Applications
AIX
VCPU VCPU
Applications
AIX
VCPU VCPU
PCPU PCPU
PCPU PCPU PCPU PCPU
VCPU VCPU VCPU VCPU
VS3VS2VS1
%lpar_pool_busy = 18.75%
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All ProcessorsCPU:by LPAR::%lpar_phys_busyThe percentage of the physical processor capacity consumed by the partition.
POWER Hypervisor
Shared Pool Dedicated
Applications
AIX
VCPU
PCPU PCPU
VCPU
Applications
AIX
VCPU VCPU
Applications
AIX
VCPU VCPU
PCPU PCPU
PCPU PCPU PCPU PCPU
VCPU VCPU VCPU VCPU
VS3VS2VS1
%lpar_phys_busy = 9.38%
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Processor PoolCPU:by LPAR::%total_pool_busyThe percentage of the processor pool capacity consumed by all partitions using the pool.
POWER Hypervisor
Shared Pool Dedicated
Applications
AIX
VCPU
PCPU PCPU
VCPU
Applications
AIX
VCPU VCPU
Applications
AIX
VCPU VCPU
PCPU PCPU
PCPU PCPU PCPU PCPU
VCPU VCPU VCPU VCPU
VS3VS2VS1
%total_pool_busy = 32%
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CPU Chart
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Additional Statistics
CPU:by LPAR::physcThe number of physical processors consumed by the partition.
CPU:by LPAR::appThe number of available processors in the shared pool.
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Is Capacity Planning Important?
What happens to response times when activity changes?When will my guest get “full”?When will my application activity exceed my server capacity?When will my application activity exceed my cluster capacity?TeamQuest solutions tell you what you will need before you need it
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Conclusion of Part 1
For more discussion on this topic, please contact Jim Smith at: [email protected]
To view demos on how to better manage the capacity of virtualized VMware ESX, Sun Solaris and IBM AIX server environments, simply close this video and return to the TeamQuest website
For Capacity Planning solutions please call:Corporate Offices and Americas Europe, Middle East, Africa Asia Pacific United Kingdom+1 800-551-8326 +46 (0) 31 80 95 00 +61 3 9641 2288 +44 (0) 1865 338031
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