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Country fact sheet

September 2017

Photo: © Toni García, My City/EEA

Land cover 2012

Serbia

Serbia

1

Land cover 2012 Overview of land cover & change 2006-2012 The development of the Serbian landscape seems to remain stable compared to previous period 2000-2006. The mean annual land cover change rate – 0.08% - is quite low, in comparison with other European countries – this illustrates low intensity of land cover development in the country. In the period 1990-2000, the pace of land cover change was a bit higher, with 0.11% annual change rate – it means that there even occurred a slight decrease of land cover development over time. The internal structure of changes in Serbia shows very similar pattern as in previous periods. The landscape development is driven mainly by forest creation and management and also by internal conversions of agricultural land. The urban sprawl, mostly of economic sites and infrastructures, represents the third most powerful driver of change in the Serbian landscape. All these three most intensive land cover flows in the country have only slightly higher intensity, compared to the period 2000-2006. The overall mean annual artificial land take rate (0.25%) is comparable with both previous periods observed; this value is safely below the European average. Similarly to the previous period, patches with land cover change are distributed more densely over the northern lowland region of Vojvodina, with the highest concentration around the capital city of Belgrade. Note: The results presented here are based on a change analysis of 44 land cover types mapped consistently on a 1:100.000 scale across Europe over more than decade between 2000-2006-2012 - see Corine land cover (CLC) programme for details. Number of years between CLC2006-CLC2012 data for Serbia: 6

4%

28%

27%

37%

3%

0,3% Open.

sp.

0,3% Wet.

1% Water

1.1. Land cover 2012[% of total]

-3000

-1000

1000

3000

1.2. Net change in land cover 2006-2012 [ha]

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

1.3. Net change in land cover [% of initial year 2006]

A rtific ial areas A rable land & permanent c rops Pas tures & mosaics Fores ted land

Semi-natural vegetation O pen spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies

Summary balance table 2006-2012

Art

ific

ial a

rea

s

Ara

ble

lan

d &

pe

rma

ne

nt

cro

ps

Pa

stu

res

& m

osa

ics

Fo

rest

ed

lan

d

Se

mi-

na

tura

l v

eg

eta

tio

n

Op

en

sp

ace

s/ b

are

so

ils

We

tla

nd

s

Wa

ter

bo

die

s

TO

TA

L[h

un

dre

ds

ha

]

Land cover 2006 2836 22315 21262 28806 2114 211 264 1020 78829

Consumption of initial LC 15.8 70.5 53.7 219.0 5.1 2.4 4.6 4.8 376

Formation of new LC 44.1 53.5 27.3 230.3 0.5 8.5 0.6 11.2 376

Net Formation of LC 28.3 -17.0 -26.5 11.3 -4.6 6.1 -4.1 6.4 0

Net formation as % of initial year 1.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 2.9 -1.5 0.6

Total turnover of LC 59.8 124.0 81.0 449.3 5.7 10.9 5.2 16.0 752

Total turnover as % of initial year 2.1 0.6 0.4 1.6 0.3 5.2 2.0 1.6 1.0

Land cover 2012 2864 22298 21236 28818 2109 217 260 1027 78829

Serbia

2

Land cover trends comparison 2000-2006 vs. 2006-2012

0.07%

0.08%

0 3000 6000

2000-2006

2006-2012

2.4. Annual land cover change[ha/year, % of total area]

0 3000 6000

Artificial areas

Arable land& permanent crops

Pastures& mosaics

Forested land

Semi-natural vegetation

Open spaces/ bare soils

Wetlands

Water bodies

2.5. Annual turnover of LC types [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

-1200 -600 0 600

Artificial areas

Arable land& permanent crops

Pastures& mosaics

Forested land



Wetlands

Water bodies

2.6. Net annual change of LC types [ha/year]

Summary trend figures 2000-2006 2006-2012

Annual land cover change [ha/year] 5909 6266

Annual land cover change as % of initial year 0.07% 0.08%Land uptake by artificial development as mean annual change [ha/year] 731 685

Agricultural land uptake by urban and infrastructures development as mean annual change [ha/year] 717 591

Net uptake of forests and semi-natural land by agriculture as mean annual change [ha/year] 222 -172

Net conversion from pasture to arable land and permanent crops as mean annual change [ha/year] 536 -121

Forest & other woodland net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] 85 188

Dry semi-natural land cover net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] -484 24

Wetlands & water bodies net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] 278 39

0

2000

4000

lcf1

Urb

an la

nd m

anag

emen

t

lcf2

Urb

an r

esid

entia

l spr

awl

lcf3

Spr

awl o

f ec

onom

ic s

ites

and

infr

astr

uctu

res

lcf4

Agr

icul

ture

inte

rnal

con

vers

ions

lcf5

Con

vers

ion

from

for

este

d &

natu

ral l

and

to a

gric

ultu

re

lcf6

Withd

raw

al o

f fa

rmin

g

lcf7

For

ests

cre

atio

n an

dm

anag

emen

t

lcf8

Wat

er b

odie

s cr

eatio

n a

ndm

anag

emen

t

lcf9

Cha

nges

due

to

natu

ral a

ndm

ultip

le c

ause

s

2.7. Intensity of main change drivers (LC FLOWS) [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Serbia

3

Artificial surfaces sprawl (2006-2012)

0.26

%

0.24

%

0

300

600

2000-2006 2006-2012

3.8. Artificial land take [ha/year,

% of initial year]

Development of mining resorts

Compared to other European countries, the pace of artificial development in Serbia is quite low and it remains stable, in comparison with previous periods 1990-2000 and 2000-2006. The sprawl is driven by extension of mines, quarries and dump sites, as well as industrial and commercial units. The diffuse residential sprawl, which was very intensive during both previous periods, became rather weak in the period 2006-2012. This extension of urban fabric is located almost exclusively in the surroundings of the capital city of Belgrade in this period. The artificial development around other cities is represented by sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures. Especially the sprawl of mining sites is significant, concentrated in the Drmno/Kostolac and Lazarevac (coal) mining resorts. On the other hand, it has to be mentioned, that this extension is compensated by abandonment of mining patches and their overgrowth by natural vegetation in the same resorts. The sprawl of commercial/industrial sites and construction occurs with higher intensity compared to both previous periods.

85%

9%

1% Transp

5% 0,3% Const.

3.9. Artificial surfaces 2012 [% of total area]

0 200 400

3.10. Artificial land take 2006-2012 [ha/year]

-100

100

300

Con

tinu

ous

urba

n fa

bric

Dis

cont

inuo

us u

rban

fab

ric

Ind

ustr

ial o

r co

mm

erci

al u

nits

Roa

d an

d ra

il ne

twor

ks a

ndas

soci

ated

land

Por

t ar

eas

Airpo

rts

Min

eral

ext

ract

ion

site

s

Dum

p si

tes

Con

stru

ctio

n si

tes

Gre

en u

rban

are

as

Spo

rt a

nd le

isur

e fa

cilit

ies

3.11. Mean annual artificial change by class [ha/year]

2000-2012

2006-2012

Serbia

4

Agriculture (2006-2012)

Turnover of internal agricultural development

Agricultural internal conversions are the second most powerful driver of change in the Serbian landscape – this situation is stable in the long term, over the observed three periods. However, there are variations in the prevailing direction of these conversions. In the last period 2006-2012, the extension (especially the diffuse one) of pasture, set aside and fallow land predominates over the opposite conversion of pasture to arable. This is the same trend as in the period 1990-2000, however, inverse as in the period 2000-2006. The other strong drivers of internal agricultural development are the conversions between vineyards/orchards and arable land with still prevailing formation of arable. However, the intensity of consumption of arable land by vineyards/orchards increased strongly, compared to previous period. External exchange of agricultural land is represented mainly by consumption by the sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures and also by the withdrawal of farming with woodland creation. On the other hand, the intensive conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture, which was significant during the previous period, lost most of its intensity and became rather low in the last period.

21150%

2130.001

%

2210.2%

2221%

2314%

24223%

24322%

4.12. Agricultural areas 2012 [% of total area]

-0.2

2%

-7.7

0%

-5.7

6%

-1.4

5%

-0.2

2%

-0.0

7%

0.18

%

3.35

%

4.32

%

0.95

%

0.11

%

0.00

%

-5000

-2500

0

2500

5000

Non

-irr

igat

ed a

rabl

e la

nd

Per

man

ently

irriga

ted

land

Ric

e fie

lds

Vin

eyar

ds

Fru

it t

rees

and

ber

ry p

lant

atio

ns

Oliv

e gr

oves

Pas

ture

s

Ann

ual/

pe

rman

ent

crop

s

Com

plex

cul

t. p

atte

rns

Agr

icul

ture

with

nat

. ve

g.

Agr

o-fo

rest

ry a

reas

4.13. Development of agricultural areas 2006-2012– detailed balance [ha]

Consumption of initial land cover

Formation of new land cover

211 Non-irrigated arable land

212 Permanently irrigated land

213 Rice fields

221 Vineyards

222 Fruit trees and berry plantations

223 Olive groves

231 Pastures

241 Annual crops associated with permanent crops242 Complex cultivation patterns

243 Agriculture land with significant areas of natural vegetation244 Agro-forestry areas

-800

-400

0

400

800

Non

-irr

igat

ed a

rabl

e la

nd

Per

man

ently

irriga

ted

land R

ice

field

s

Vin

eyar

ds

Fru

it t

rees

and

ber

ry p

lant

atio

ns

Oliv

e gr

oves

Pas

ture

s

Ann

ual/

per

man

ent

crop

s

Com

plex

cul

t. p

atte

rns

Agr

icul

ture

with

nat

. ve

g.

Agr

o-fo

rest

ry a

reas

4.14. Mean annual agricultural change by class [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Serbia

5

Forest & nature (2006-2012)

89%

6%

1% Open sp.

1% Wet. 3%

5.15. Forest & nature areas 2012

[% of total area]

Forest



Wetlands

Water bodies

Forest and nature land development driven by internal flows

In the long term, forest creation and management is the most intensive land cover flow in the Serbian landscape. However, similarly to many other European countries, it is represented mostly by internal conversions between forest and transitional woodland (with prevailing share of recent felling and transition in both 2000-2006 and 2006-2012 periods). There also occurs significant amount of forest and shrub fires and water bodies’ creation in the natural land cover exchange in the country. From external flows, withdrawal of farming with woodland creation and afforestation (mostly of former mining land) contributes significantly to creation of new forested land.

-0.5

3%

-0.7

9%

-0.1

7%

-0.2

4%

-1.8

0%

-9.6

0%

-0.0

6%

-86.

52%

-1.7

5%

-0.0

4%

-1.7

9%

0.35

%

0.83

%

0.35

%

0.02

%

2.71

%

0.63

%

597.

16%

0.21

%

0.17

%

3.91

%

-15000

-10000

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

Bro

ad-l

eave

d fo

rest

Con

ifero

us for

est

Mix

ed for

est

Nat

ural

gra

ssla

nd

Moo

rs a

nd h

eath

land

Scl

erop

hyllo

us v

eget

atio

n

Tra

nsitio

nal w

oodl

and

shr

ub

Bea

ches

, du

nes,

san

d

Bar

e ro

ck

Spa

rsel

y ve

geta

ted

area

s

Bur

nt a

reas

Gla

cier

s/pe

rp.

snow

Inl

and

mar

shes

Pea

tbog

s

Sal

t m

arsh

es

Sal

ines

Int

ertida

l fla

ts

Wat

er c

ours

es

Wat

er b

odie

s

Coa

stal

lago

ons

Est

uaries

Sea

and

oce

an

5.16. Development of forest & nature areas 2006-2012 – detailed balance [ha]

Consumption of initial land cover

Formation of new land cover

-800

-400

0

400

800

Bro

ad-l

eave

d fo

rest

Con

ifero

us for

est

Mix

ed for

est

Nat

ural

gra

ssla

nd

Moo

rs a

nd h

eath

land

Scl

erop

hyllo

us v

eget

atio

n

Tra

nsitio

nal w

oodl

and

shr

ub

Bea

ches

, du

nes,

san

d

Bar

e ro

ck

Spa

rsel

y ve

geta

ted

are

as

Bur

nt a

reas

Gla

cier

s an

d pe

rpet

ual

snow

Inl

and

mar

shes

Pea

tbog

s

Sal

t m

arsh

es

Sal

ines

Int

ertida

l fla

ts

Wat

er c

ours

es

Wat

er b

odie

s

Coa

stal

lago

ons

Est

uaries

Sea

and

oce

an

5.17. Mean annual forest & nature change by class [ha/year]2000-2006

2006-2012

Serbia

6

Annex: Land cover flows and trends Land cover flows 2006-2012

4%

19%

14%

58%

1% Semi-nat.

1% Open sp.

1% Wet

1% Water

6.18. Consumption of land cover2006-2012 [% of total change

area]

12%

14%

8%

61%

0,1% Semi nat.

2% 0,2% Wet 3%

6.19. Formation of land cover 2006-2012 [% of total change

area]

A rtific ial areas A rable land & permanent c rops Pas tures & mosaics Fores ted land

Semi-natural vegetation O pen spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies

lcf11% lcf2

1%lcf310%

lcf419%

lcf52%

lcf65%

lcf756%

lcf82%

lcf94%

6.20. Drivers of change (LC FLOWS)2006-2012 [% of total change area]

lc f1 U rban land management

lc f2 U rban res idential sprawl

lc f3 Sprawl of economic s ites and infras truc tures

lc f4 A griculture internal convers ions

lc f5 C onvers ion from fores ted & natural land to agriculture

lc f6 Withdrawal of farming

lc f7 Fores ts c reation and management

lc f8 Water bodies c reation and management

lc f9 C hanges due to natural and multiple causes

Serbia

7

Artificial areas

Arable land &

permanent crops43%

Pastures & mosaics

26%

Forested land30%

Semi-natural

vegetation0.2%

Wetlands1%

Water bodies0.3%

7.21. Consumption by artificial land take2006-2012 [% of total]

Disc. urban fabric10%

Industrial/commerc.

19%

Road/rail network

1%

Mineral extraction

49%

Dump sites2%

Construct.17%

Green urban0.1%

Sport/leisure

1%

7.22. Formation by artificial land take2006-2012 [% of total]

0.22%

0.17%

0 200 400 600

2000-2006

2006-2012

7.23. Net formation of artificial area [ha/year, % of initial year]

-200 0 200 400

lcf11Urban development/ infilling(cons.)

lcf11Urban development/ infilling(form.)

lcf12 Recycling of developed urbanland (cons.)

lcf12 Recycling of developed urbanland (form.)

lcf13 Development of green urbanareas (cons.)

lcf13 Development of green urbanareas (form.)

lcf21 Urban dense residential sprawl

lcf22 Urban diffuse residential sprawl

lcf31 Sprawl of industrial &commercial sites

lcf32 Sprawl of transport networks

lcf33 Sprawl of harbours

lcf34 Sprawl of airports

lcf35 Sprawl of mines and quarryingareas

lcf36 Sprawl of dumpsites

lcf37 Construction

lcf38 Sprawl of sport and leisurefacilities (cons.)

lcf38 Sprawl of sport and leisurefacilities (form.)

lcf54 Conversion from developedareas to agriculture

lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation

lcf81 Water bodies creation

lcf911 Semi-natural creation

lcf913 Extension of water courses

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires

lcf93 Coastal erosion

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(cons.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(form.)

7.24. Artificial development by change drivers(LC FLOWS) [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Serbia

8

Agriculture

Mineral extraction

9% Dump sites2%

Construct.12%

Broad-leaved forest3%

Natural grassland

29%

Transit. woodland/

shrub13%

Inland marshes

12%

Water bodies18%

8.25. LC consumed by agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]

Non-irrigated arable56%

Vineyards1%

Fruit trees/berry plantations

2%

Pastures30%

Complex cultivation patterns

9%

Agriculture with

natural veg.2%

8.26. Formation of agricultural land from non-agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]


Vineyards0.1%Fruit

trees/berry plantations

2%

Pastures20%


25%

Agriculture with

natural veg.12%

8.27. Consumption of agricultural landby non-agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]

Disc. urban fabric8% Industrial/

commercial 14%

Road/rail network0.4%

Mineral extraction

18%Dump sites1%

Construct.12%

Green urban0.1%

Sport/leisure

1%

Broad-leaved forest0.3%

Transition. woodland/

shrub32%

Water courses0.1%

Water bodies13%

8.28. Formation of non-agricultural landfrom agriculture 2006-2012 [% of total]

-300 -200 -100 0

Conversion from forest toagriculture

Conversion from dry semi-natural& natural land to agriculture

Conversion from wetlands toagriculture

Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation

Withdrawal of farming withoutsignificant woodland creation

8.29. Main annual conversions between agriculture and forests & semi-natural land

2006-2012 [ha/year]

-800 -400 0 400

Extension of pasture, set asideand fallow land

Conversion from pasture toarable and permanent crops

8.30. Mean annual conversion between arable land and pasture [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Serbia

9

0 200 400 600

lcf411 Uniform extension ofset aside fallow land and

pasture

lcf412 Diffuse extension of setaside fallow land and pasture

lcf421 Conversion from arableland to permanent irrigation

perimeters

lcf422 Other internalconversions of arable land

lcf431 Conversion from olivesgroves to vineyards and

orchards

lcf432 Conversion fromvineyards and orchards to

olive groves

lcf433 Other conversionsbetween vineyards and

orchards

lcf441 Conversion frompermanent crops topermanent irrigation

perimeters

lcf442 Conversion fromvineyards and orchards tonon-irrigated arable land

lcf443 Conversion from olivegroves to non-irrigated arable

land

lcf444 Diffuse conversion frompermanent crops to arable

land

lcf451 Conversion from arableland to vineyards and orchards

lcf452 Conversion from arableland to olive groves

lcf453 Diffuse conversion fromarable land to permanent

crops

lcf461 Conversion frompasture to permanentirrigation perimeters

lcf462 Intensive conversionfrom pasture to non-irrigatedarable land and permanent

crops

lcf463 Diffuse conversion frompasture to arable and

permanent crops

lcf47 Extension of agro-forestry

9.31. Mean annual agriculture internalconversions [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

-600 -300 0 300

lcf13 Development of green urbanareas

lcf2 Urban residential sprawl

lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites andinfrastructures

lcf511 Intensive conversion from forestto agriculture

lcf512 Diffuse conversion from forest toagriculture

lcf521 Intensive conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf522 Diffuse conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuousagriculture (cont. agri. cons.)

lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuousagriculture (cont. agri. form.)

lcf53 Conversion from wetlands toagriculture

lcf54 Conversion from developed areasto agriculture

lcf61 Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation

lcf62 Withdrawal of farming withoutsignificant woodland creation


lcf913 Extension of water courses

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires

lcf93 Coastal erosion

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(agri. cons.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown(agri. form.)

9.32. Mean annual conversions between agricultureand other LC types [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Serbia

10

Forest & nature

Mineral extraction

29%

Construct.1%


Vineyards0.1%

Fruit trees/berry plantations

1%

Pastures19%


25%

Agriculture with

natural veg.11%

10.33. LC consumed by forest & nature2006-2012 [% of total]

Broad-leaved forest0.4%


shrub78%

Water courses0.1%

Water bodies21%

10.34. Formation of forest & nature land from non-forest /nature 2006-2012

[% of total]

Broad-leaved forest16% Coniferous

forest3%

Mixed forest1%

Natural grassland

14%


shrub50%

Inland marshes

7%

Water bodies

9%

10.35. Consumption of forest & nature landby non-forest/nature 2006-2012 [% of

total]

Disc. urban fabric1% Industrial/

commerc. 3%

Road/rail network0.3%

Mineral extraction

54%

Dump sites1%

Construct.4%

Sport/leisure0,3%


Vineyards0.5%

Fruit trees/berry

1%

Pastures5%


2%

Agriculture with

natural veg.1%

10.36. Formation of non-forest/nature landfrom forest & nature 2006-2012 [% of total]

Broad-leaved forest73%

Conifer.forest3%

Mixed forest5%

Transit.woodland

shrub19%

10.37. Forested land 2012 [% of total area]

0 1000 2000

Consumption of forest land byurban sprawl

Conversion from forest toagriculture

Recent fellings and transitions

Withdrawal of farming withwoodland creation

Forest creation, afforestation

Conversion from transitionalwoodland to forests

Forest creation over wetlands

10.38. Main trends in woodland & forests consumption/formation 2006-2012

[ha/year]

Serbia

11

Natural grassland

91%

Scleroph.veget.

0,0004%

Beaches, dunes

and sand plains0,3%

Bare rock0.2%

Sparsely veget. areas8%

Burnt areas0.4%

11.39. Dry semi-natural areas 2012 [% of total area]

0 20 40 60

Consumption of dry semi-naturalland cover by urban sprawl

Conversion of semi-natural landcover to agriculture

Forest creation, afforestation overdry semi-natural land

Withdrawal of farming withoutwoodland creation

Decrease of permanent snow andglaciers

11.40. Main trends in dry semi-natural land consumption/formation 2006-2012

[ha/year]

Inland marshes

20%

Water courses

60%

Water bodies20%

11.41. Wetlands & water 2012[% of total area]

-100 -50 0 50 100

Consumption of wetlands byurban sprawl

Conversion of wetlands toagriculture

Forest creation and afforestationover wetlands

Withdrawal of farming withoutwoodland creation

Net water bodies creation

Net wetlands creation

11.42. Main trends in wetlands & water consumption/formation 2006-2012

[ha/year]

-2000 -1000 0 1000 2000

lcf13 Development of green urban areas


lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures

lcf511 Intensive conversion from forest to agriculture

lcf512 Diffuse conversion from forest to agriculture

lcf61 Withdrawal of farming with woodland creation

lcf71 Conversion from transitional woodland to forest (cons.)

lcf71 Conversion from transitional woodland to forest (form.)


lcf73 Forests internal conversions (cons.)

lcf73 Forests internal conversions (form.)

lcf74 Recent felling and transition (cons.)

lcf74 Recent felling and transition (form.)

lcf8 Water bodies creation and management

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (cons.)

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (form.)

11.43. Mean annual conversions of forest & other woodland[ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Serbia

12

-300 -200 -100 0 100




lcf521 Intensive conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf522 Diffuse conversion from semi-natural land to agriculture

lcf523 Conversions from agriculture-nature mosaics to continuous…

lcf62 Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation


lcf74 Recent felling and transition

lcf8 Water bodies creation and management

lcf82 Water bodies management

lcf911 Semi-natural creation (form.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (cons.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (form.)

lcf913 Extension of water courses (cons.)

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires (cons.)

lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires (form.)

lcf93 Coastal erosion (cons.)

lcf94 Decrease in permanent snow and glaciers cover (cons.)

lcf94 Decrease in permanent snow and glaciers cover (form.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown (cons.)

lcf99 Other changes and unknown (form.)

12.44. Mean annual conversions of dry semi-natural LC [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

-100 0 100 200




lcf53 Conversion from wetlands to agriculture

lcf62 Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation


lcf8 Water bodies creation and management (cons.)


lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (other thanLCF91)

lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (other thanLCF912)

lcf911 Semi-natural creation (form.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (cons.)

lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (form.)

lcf913 Extension of water courses (form.)

12.45. Mean annual conversions of wetlands and water LC [ha/year]

2000-2006

2006-2012

Serbia

13

CLC Changes 2006-2012

CLC Changes 2000-2006

Serbia

14

Drivers of change 2006-2012

Drivers of change 2000-2006

Serbia

15

Artificial sprawl 2006-2012

Artificial sprawl 2000-2006

Serbia

16

Agriculture 2006-2012

Agriculture 2000-2006

Serbia

17

Forest and nature 2006-2012

Forest and nature 2000-2006

serbia - european environment agency...sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures. especially the...

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