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Table of ContentsWorkbook Subject Page

Table of Contents (this page) 1

Pass Guarantee Scheme Training Agreement 2

Examination Administration Information 3

NEBOSH Terms & Conditions and Procedures Information 4

NEBOSH Certificate Examination Techniques/Command Word Explanation 5/6

NEBOSH GC2-NCC1 Module Timetable 6/7

GC2 Mock Examination Papers 9-16

GC2 Framework Answers to Mock Examination Papers 17-44

GC2 Revision Workbook Apr 161

NEBOSH Delegate ‘Pass Guarantee Scheme’ Training Agreement

1. This Training Agreement governs the ‘Guaranteed Pass Scheme’ provided to the student/delegate by RISK and Safety Management Services Ltd (RISK) for the purpose of equipping the student/delegate with the required theoretical knowledge and techniques necessary to successfully pass the relevant course examination(s).

“Our Guaranteed Pass Scheme means: We guarantee to support, train, coach and mentor you Support for you when you need it, not just when you are spending Provide you with health and safety support, the latest legislation and complianceIn order to become eligible for this scheme, the account must have been paid in full prior to the course start date, all training days on the original course must have been attended in sequential order, the student must have completed any homework, assessments, portfolios/reports and self study tasks in the time allocated, attended the original examination and pay any applicable re-registration and examination fees. Please note :-If booking a full course (i.e. 1 or more modules) the terms and conditions relating to the pass guarantee scheme revert to a full course booking (if discount applied) The delegate must attend all of the training days again (if a referral is achieved)Risk reserves the right to amend, alter and update the content of the “Pass Guarantee Scheme” at any time

2. The student/delegate agrees to:a. Use every effort to attend all teaching days within the core course tutored times;b. Use every effort to achieve the standards of study specified in this course

documentation by achieving success in all course formative assessments (exercises and practice questions);

c. Complete private study by reading the relevant chapters of the propriety course textbook to reinforce class tutored material;

d. Complete all homework questions in a style appropriate to the examination (i.e. not bullet points unless appropriate to the question)

e. Provide themselves with their own writing paper, pens, rulers etc to enable themselves to make any additional notes they wish to take.

3. RISK agrees to provide:a. A tutor on all training days for the core course tutored times;b. A propriety study textbook;c. A delegate workbook incorporating the course timetable; a copy of the NEBOSH Terms

Conditions and Procedures, examinations techniques and administrative information; practice day-by-day questions (outline answers given on the following day of the course); practice mock examination papers with outline answers; and any additional revision material for subject areas as appropriate.

d. Where appropriate, a one-to-one meeting with a course tutor to discuss progress;e. An out of hours telephone support line (if the tutor is not immediately available RISK will

contact you within 24-hours).f. A log in area for the download of further revision materials. To become eligible for the

“Pass Guarantee Scheme” the account must be paid in full, prior to the course start date.


EXAMINATIONS ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION

Qualifying periodsA Pass must be obtained in all three units within a five-year period in order to qualify for the award of the NEBOSH National General Certificate. If you have claimed exemption from Unit NGC1 and achieved a Pass in the other two units, you will also qualify for the award.

Referrals will be granted in individual components where candidates have failed to reach a satisfactory standard. If you have been referred in an individual component (<45% for Units NGC1 and NCC1 and <60% for Unit NCC2) you may re-sit just the component(s) in which you have been referred providing that you re-sit within five years of the result declaration date of the first successful unit.

Awarding and grading criteriaGrading criteria shall not apply to individual units but candidates will be informed of the unit mark achieved. Candidates who are successful in an individual unit will be issued with a Unit Certificate, normally within eight weeks of the issue of the result notification.

The aggregate mark of the three unit marks is used to determine a grade for the award according to the following criteria:

Distinction 210 marks or more

Credit 180 – 209 marks

Pass 150 – 179 marks

Qualification parchments will normally be issued within eight weeks of the issue of the result notification. Candidates may, however, wish to re-sit a successful unit for the purpose of improving a grade. In this case, candidates must inform NEBOSH in writing of their intention to re-sit a successful unit within one month of the date of issue of the result notification for the third successfully completed unit. Candidates who fail to do this will be issued with a parchment and will be deemed as having completed the award.

Examiners ReportsIn an effort to encourage students to study the learning outcomes of the whole qualification prior to sitting an examination full qualification guides will be available to download free of charge from the ‘Qualifications’ section of our website. Due to these documents being freely available we have enhanced our copyright statement within all of the guides.

The format of NEBOSH Examiners reports has changed since 1 April 2014. Rather than concentrating on a particular examination the new format will provide general guidance on candidate performance in relation to the syllabus outcomes and examination technique. These reports will be free to download by students as well as course providers.

Certificate level Examiners Reports will be published on a quarterly basis.


NEBOSH TERMS AND CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES INFORMATION

NEBOSH Student Terms and ConditionsStudents are to be aware that NEBOSH produce a Student Terms and Conditions document which can be found in the students section of the NEBOSH website at:

http://www.nebosh.org.uk/students/becoming_a_student/default.asp?cref=107&ct=2

NEBOSH Enquiries about Results (EAR) and Appeals ArrangementsCandidates are to be aware of the NEBOSH policy on enquiries about results and the appeals process. The document covering these processes can be found at:

http://www.nebosh.org.uk/students/currently_studying/default.asp?cref=42&ct=2

The Role of Scottish Qualification Authority (SQA) Accreditation in AppealsIf a candidate is dissatisfied with the outcome of an Enquiry about result request they may proceed to a two stage Appeals process.

If following the outcome of a Stage 2 Appeal, the candidate remains dissatisfied and where the relevant NEBOSH qualification is accredited by the Scottish Qualification Authority (SQA), they may seek regulatory advice form the SQA Accreditation. A list of NEBOSH qualifications accredited by SQA Accreditation can be found at:

http://www.nebosh.org.uk/sqa/42333.html

Further details can be found in the NEBOSH Enquiries about Results and Appeals policy document. NEBOSH policy documents for use by candidates can be found at:

http://www.nebosh.org.uk/About_Nebosh/


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NEBOSH Certificate Examination TechniquesOnly questions that assess the learning outcomes established in the syllabus can be set. Questions are written to discover not only how much of a subject a student knows but also the associated skills that they are expected to demonstrate. Marks are then based on how effectively these skills are demonstrated. Command words are the guides in the question as to what assessment skill is being targeted by that question. Certificate questions will predominantly assess knowledge, comprehension and application.Knowledge requires an ability to recall or remember facts without necessarily understanding them. Command words used in knowledge based questions include identify.Comprehension requires an ability to understand and interpret learned information. Command words used in comprehension based questions include explain.Sometimes candidates may not pay full attention to the action verb in each question. To help to emphasise their importance, action verbs are highlighted in Bold, Italic type on examination question papers. The most commonly used ones are:

Action Verb MeaningDescribe - To give a detailed written account of the distinctive features of a subject.

The account should be factual, without any attempt to explain. When describing a subject (or object) a test of sufficient detail would be that another person would be able to visualise what you are describing.

Explain - To provide an understanding. To make an idea or relationship clear. NB: this command word is testing the candidate’s ability to know or understand why or how something happens. Is often associated with the words ‘how’ or ‘why’.

Give - To offer for consideration, acceptance, or use of another. NB: Give an example of; Give the meaning of.

Identify - To give reference to an item, which could be its name or title.NB: normally a word or phrase will be sufficient, provided the reference is clear.

Outline - To indicate the principal features or different parts of. NB: an exhaustive description is not required. What is sought is a brief summary of the major aspects of whatever is stated in the question.

Command words are used very carefully and each question has a certain order of words to try to enable candidates to understand what Examiners are looking for. In every question the skills required by the specific command words are also shown in the marks allocated for the question. In general there are going to be more marks available for application and comprehension skill questions than for knowledge based questions.

Responding to command words in questions It is important to read the whole question and to understand what the question requires as the command word on its own will need to be reinforced by the remainder of the question. Many candidates miss out on gaining marks because they do not read the question carefully enough and do not think about their answer thoroughly before writing it down. Candidates need to think about each question. • What is the command word? • What do I need to say to gain marks? • What is or is not relevant to the question? In many cases a brief answer plan is an essential aid to ensuring that answers are well thought out and structured. NEBOSH applies a ‘positive marking’ approach; that is, marks are awarded for correct material in candidates’ answers, rather than being deducted for incorrect or missing material.Candidates should answer the questions that have been set and not the ones they wish had been set.


NEBOSH Command Words Examiners’ Report Explanation

The following command words are listed in the order identified as being the most challenging for candidates:

ExplainWhen a question specifies ‘explain’ the candidate is required to provide an understanding or make clear an idea or relationship. For example, ‘explain precautions necessary to control work at height’. If a candidate responded with ‘avoidance of the work in the first place, takes account windy weather conditions, appropriate access to and from the work site’ then this constitutes an outline but not an explanation. This would be insufficient to gain full marks as it does not provide a deep enough understanding or relationship from the specified command word or the context in which the question is asked. However, if a candidate responded with ‘statutory legislation encourages avoidance of work at height so a variety of methods of avoidance should be considered; adverse weather should be considered because of the need to anchor scaffolding, provision of covering sheets in the event of rain and possibility of lightning strikes and consideration of a suitably selected means of access based on a clear understanding of the task and the evaluated risks’ this would merit the awarding marks.

OutlineExaminers reported that the command word ‘outline’ challenged many candidates. Insufficient detail was provided in response to the principal features or parts of the subject matter requested when ‘outline’ was specified in the question. Exhaustive descriptions are not required for ‘outline’ but limited answers like single words or listed answers do not satisfy the command word requirements.

If the use of the command word in everyday language or conversation is considered it may help the candidate understand what is required. Asked to ‘outline measures necessary to protect other persons at work’; if a candidate answers with ‘kick boards, netting and PPE’ this would be insufficient as this represents a listed answer. However, ‘the use of kick boards to prevent tools or equipment being kicked off elevated platforms, laying of fine mesh netting to prevent falling objects reaching pedestrians and hi-visibility vests and helmets for visitors in the vicinity of the task’ would be sufficient.

Describe‘Describe’ requires a candidate to respond with a word picture that relates to an activity, process etc.

If a candidate was asked to ‘describe control measures to minimise risk for workers potentially exposed to violence at work’ and the response was ‘security, training and worker history’ would not be in the context requested by the command word. However, if a candidate responded with ‘utilising security staff to patrol the workplace in conjunction with closed circuit television to identify confrontational situations, suitable training for workers in avoiding confrontational situations and rehearsal of simulated confrontational situations involving utilisation of a suitable means of raining the alarm to summon help and detailed knowledge and management of workers, visitors who are historically prone to violence due to medical conditions, etc.’ then this would gain marks.

Give‘Give’ is normally used in conjunction with a further requirement, such as ‘give the meaning of’ or ‘give an example in EACH case’. Candidates were generally not challenged with this command work.


NEBOSH GC2-NCC1 Module TimetableDays may be inter-change dependent on available of specialist tutors.With regard to the following training days, the breaks detailed opposite are scheduled within the programme (timings are approximate).

Morning Break 10:30 to 10:50Buffet Lunch 12:30 to 13:00Afternoon Break 14:30 to 14:50

GC2-NCC1 Day 1

MorningElement 1

General Workplace & Construction Site Hazards and Controls

Introduction to Guaranteed Pass Scheme and Delegate portfolios Stress Aggression, Bullying and Violence Substance Misuse at Work Workplace Health, Safety and Welfare

AfternoonElement 1 continued

Work at Height Hazards and Controlso Legal Requirementso Work at Height Working Platforms and Access Equipmento Safe Working at Height on Roofs

Homework Questions for Day 1

GC2-NCC1 Day 2Morning

Element 2TransportElement 3

Manual Handling

Answers to Homework Questions Movement of People and Vehicles Hazards and Controls Driving for Work Hazards and Controls Manual Handling Hazards and Controls Computer Workstations (Display Screen Equipment - DSE)

AfternoonElement 3

Manual Handling

(continued)Element 4

Work Equipment

Mechanical Handling Hazards and Control Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER) Use of Hand Held Tools Mechanical Machinery Hazards Check Portfolios Homework Questions for Day 2

GC2-NCC1 Day 3

MorningElement 6Fire Safety

Answers to Homework Questions Classifications of Fires and Types of Fire Fighting Equipment Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order Fire Risk Assessment and Implementation of Controls

AfternoonElement 7

Physical and Psychological Hazards and

Controls

Vibration Hazards and Controls Noise Hazards and Controls Radiation Hazards and Controls (Ionising and Non-Ionising) Check of Portfolios Homework Questions for Day 3


GC2-NCC1 Day 4Morning

Element 7Chemical and

Biological Hazards/Controls

Answers to Homework Questions Forms of a Chemical Agent and their Hazardous Effects Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Legal Requirements Health Risk Survey Techniques

AfternoonElement 7continued

Measures to Prevent or Control Exposure Asbestos Hazards and Controls Lead at Work Hazards and Controls Check of Portfolios Homework Questions for Day 4

GC2-NCC1 Day 5

MorningElement 5

Electrical Safety

Answers to Homework Questions Electricity Terms and Relationships Electrical Hazards and Treatment for Electric Shock Electricity Control Measures Buried and Overhead Electrical Services Hazards and Controls

AfternoonElement 1

Construction Site Hazards

continued from Day 1

Excavation Hazards and Controls Confined Spaces Hazards and Controls NEBOSH NCC2 Practical Application Brief Check of Portfolios

NCC1 Day 6Morning

Element 1Management of

Health and Safety on

Construction Sites

Reasons for Management of Health and Safety on Construction Sites CDM 2015 definition of what constitutes construction work Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM) all duties Details of when a CDM projects is notifiable to the HSE.

Element 2Construction Site

Hazards and Controls

Element 11Excavations

CDM Part 4 - General Duties for Health and Safety applying to all construction work

Construction site hazards and controls (initial site survey. Homework Questions for Day 6

NCC1 Day 7

MorningConstruction site

equipment hazards and

controls

Answers to Homework Questions 360 degree excavators / dumper trucks / hoists Nail guns / welding equipment Working at height on roofs Additional working at height equipment

AfternoonElement 12Demolition

hazards and controls

Pre-demolition survey Sequence and types of demolition Demolition safe system of work (Method Statement) Management of waste on construction sites New Roads and Street Work Act.


NEBOSHNational General

CertificateGC2

MockExamination Papers


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Mock 1 – GC2 – Controlling Workplace Hazards

1. A number of employees who are required to work with vibrating handheld tools for lengthy periods during a work shift have reported symptoms of tingling and numbness in their fingers. Further analysis indicates that the employees concerned could be showing early symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS).

(a) Describe further symptoms that might develop should the work continue. (4)(b) Outline factors to consider when assessing the risk of HAVS developing amongst the

employees. (8)(c) Outline precautions that could be taken to minimise the risk of the employees

developing the condition. (8)

2. A well found on a development site needs to be made safe before construction work can begin.

(a) Identify the hazards that may be present in these circumstances. (4)(b) Outline the control measures that could be used in order to render the well safe. (4)

3. Identify FOUR mechanical hazards presented by a pedestal drill and, in EACH case, outline how injury may occur. (8)

4. (a) Identify the possible indications of a dust problem at work. Explain how a 'static' dust sampler is used to assess the level of airborne dust in a workplace. (4)

(b) Explain how a ‘static’ dust sampler is used to assess the level of airborne dust in a workplace. (4)

5. Outline specific measures that may be needed to ensure that persons with sensory impairments and/or physical disabilities may be evacuated safely in the event of a fire (8)

6. A mechanical hoist is to be used to remove an engine from a vehicle in a motor repair shop.

(a) Give the requirements for the statutory examination and inspection of the hoist (2)(b) Outline the precautions to be taken to reduce the risk of injury to employees and

others during the lifting operation. (6)

7. Outline practical measures to reduce the risk of injury from electricity when using portable electric tools. (8)

8. (a) Identify possible routes of entry of biological organisms into the body (4)

(b) Outline control measures that could be used to reduce the risk of infection from biological organisms. (4)

9. Excluding welfare facilities, outline issues associated with the work environment that should be addressed before a new office building is occupied to ensure so far as is reasonably practicable workplace Health, Safety and Welfare of employees whilst at work. (8)

10. (a) Outline measures that can be taken to reduce levels of noise to which workers on a construction site are exposed from the use of cement mixers. (4)

(b) Identify FOUR other noise hazards that may be present on construction sites. (4)

11. Give EIGHT types of hazard that may cause slips and trips in a workplace. (8)



1. Workshop bench-mounted circular saws are operated to cut wood to size to manufacture of wooden pallets.

(a) In relation to the use of the circular saw, identify FOUR risks to the health AND FOUR risks to the safety of the saw operators (8)

(b) Outline the measures that can be taken to minimise the health and safety risks to the circular saw operators (12)

2. An engineering company has noticed a recent increase in work-related ill health amongst the shop floor workers who use a degreasing solvent for which a workplace exposure limit (WEL) has been assigned.

(a) Explain the meaning of the term 'workplace exposure limit', (2)(b) Give possible reasons for the increase in work-related ill health amongst the shop

floor workers.(6)

3. Explain how a person may be injured when using a mobile elevating work platform (MEWP) to undertake maintenance work at height. (8)

4. Outline the factors to consider when assessing the adequacy of lighting within an open plan office (8)

5. (a) Giving an occupational source of EACH, identify TWO types of non-ionising radiation. (4)

(b) Outline the health effects associated with exposure to non-ionising radiation. (4)

6. With respect to the handling of flammable solvents in a workshop, outline types of inadequate working practices that could increase the risk of a fire or explosion. (8)

7. A local exhaust ventilation (LEV) system is used to extract welding fume from the working environment in a fabrication workshop.

(a) Outline the factors that might reduce the effectiveness of the LEV system. (6)(b) Identify the possible effects that the use of the LEV system may have on the local

and wider environment. (2)

8. Outline the precautions that might be needed to ensure the safety of pedestrians in vehicle manoeuvring areas (8)

9. Giving a suitable example in EACH case, identify particular conditions of a working environment that may increase the risks from the use of portable electrical equipment. (8)

10. Employees working for a charity are required to collect plastic bags of clothes, books and other donated goods from outside householders' premises and carry them to a waiting company van.

Giving reasons in EACH case, outline the types of injury the employees may sustain from the activity. (8)

11. Identify EIGHT components of an independent tied scaffold that has been erected by a competent person. (8)



1. Hazardous substances in the form of paints, solvents and cleaning chemicals are to be used for the internal re-decoration of a public library.

(a) Identify FOUR possible routes of entry of the hazardous substances into the body. (4)(b) Outline the factors to consider when undertaking an assessment of the risks to health

from the hazardous substances, as required under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002. (8)

(c) Outline the control measures required to prevent employees and members of the public's exposure to the hazardous substances. (8)

2. (a) Explain, using a suitable sketch, the significance of the 'fire triangle'. (4)(b) Identify TWO methods of heat transfer AND explain how EACH can cause the spread of

fire in work premises.(4)

3. Identify the hazards associated with the use of a materials hoist on a construction site. (8)

4. (a) Describe the typical symptoms of occupational dermatitis. (2)(b) Identify the factors that will influence the likelihood of dermatitis occurring in

workers who are required to handle dermatitic substances. (6)

5. Outline factors to consider when carrying out an assessment of a display screen equipment (DSE) workstation. (8)

6. Electricity is one of the causes of workplace fires.

(a) Outline how fires could be caused by electricity. (6)(b) Identify TWO types of extinguisher that can be used safely on 'electrical' fires. (2)

7. A new pedestal (pillar) drill has been installed in an engineering workshop. Identify the factors that should be considered before it is first used, to reduce the risk of injury to the operators. (8)

8. (a) Identify FOUR types of work where employees may be at an increased risk of violence from dealing with members of the public. (4)

(b) Outline physical measures that can be taken to protect employees from the risk of violence that may arise out of dealing with members of the public. (4)

9. Outline the factors that may increase the risk of injury to pedestrians who need to walk through a warehouse. (8)

10. (a) Identify FOUR specific types of injury that may be caused by the incorrect manual handling of loads. (4)

(b) Outline the factors in relation to the load that will affect the risk of injury. (4)

11. Identify ways in which accidents may be prevented when using ladders as a means of access. (8)


Mock 4 – GC2 – Controlling Workplace Hazards1. A modular, portable office building has been delivered to a company's premises. It is to be

lifted from the delivery vehicle, to its designated resting place, with a mobile crane. To assist with the H&S of persons who may be on the premises during the lifting operation:

(a) Identify the issues that should be considered when planning and preparing for the lifting operation to be undertaken; (7)

(b) Outline a procedure for the safe lifting and lowering of the portable office; (10)(c) Outline the statutory requirements for thorough examination of the lifting equipment. (3)

2. (a) Identify FOUR classes of fire AND the associated fuel sources. (4)(b) Identify FOUR types of portable fire extinguisher and in EACH case state the class

of fire on which they should be used.(4)

3. Outline the precautions to take to minimise the risks to persons working in cold stores at sub-zero temperatures. (8)

4. (a) In relation to machine safety, outline the principles of operation of:

interlocked guards; (2)trip devices, (2)

(b) Other than contact with dangerous parts, identify FOUR types of hazard against which fixed guards on machines may provide protection. (4)

5. Carcinogenic and explosive are two hazardous properties of waste as listed in the Hazardous Waste Regulations. Identify EIGHT other hazardous properties as listed in these Regulations. (8)

6. (a) With reference to electrical circuits, give the relationship between voltage, current and resistance. (2)

(b) Outline the factors that could affect the severity of injury from an electric shock received from a defective hand-held tool. (6)

7. Outline the precautions that should be taken for the routine maintenance of machinery. (8)

8. (a) Identify THREE types of asbestos commonly found in building materials. (3)

(b) Outline where asbestos is likely to be encountered in a building during renovation work. (5)

9. In order to improve the safety of pedestrians in vehicle manoeuvring areas, identify the rules that should be followed by:

(a) Drivers; (4)

(b) Pedestrians. (4)

10. In relation to work-related upper limb disorders (WRULDs):

(a) Identify the typical signs/symptoms that may be experienced by affected individuals; (4)

(b) Outline the factors that would increase the risk of WRULDs. (4)

11. Give reasons that may cause a mobile tower scaffold to become unstable. (8)



1. A telecommunications worker needs to lift a 20kg manhole cover in order to repair fibre optic cables. The working area is 1.5m below ground and 1m from the kerb of a busy road.

(a) Identify FOUR factors associated with the worker that may affect the risk of injury when removing the manhole cover. (4)

(b) Outline SIX types of hazard associated with these activities (6)(c) Outline possible control measures to minimise the risk to the worker and

pedestrians whilst carrying out these activities. (10)

2. A chainsaw is to be used to fell a tree. In relation to this task:

(a) Identify FOUR hazards associated with the use of the chainsaw; (4)(b) identify the items of personal protective equipment that should be used by the

chainsaw operative(4)

3. Outline the precautions necessary for the safe storage and handling of small containers of flammable solvents. (8)

4. Staff are employed to clean a large science college in the mornings and evenings. Outline the specific hazards the cleaners could be exposed to. (8)

5. Outline the precautions to protect against electrical contact when:

(a) Excavating near underground cables; (4)(b) Working in the vicinity of overhead power lines. (4)

6. Outline the factors to consider when carrying out a fire risk assessment of a workplace. (8)

7. Identify control measures that can be implemented to reduce the risk of violence in a busy accident and emergency department. (8)

8. (a) Describe the differences between acute and chronic health effects. (4)

(b) Identify the factors that could affect the level of harm experienced by an employee exposed to a toxic substance (4)

9. (a) Identify TWO work activities that may give rise to work-related upper limb disorders (WRULDs). (2)

(b) Outline control measures that can be implemented to reduce the risk of WRULDs. (6)

10. Identify the hazards a skip collector could be exposed to when moving a full skip from the ground onto the back of a skip loader vehicle. (8)

11. With respect to the use of portable electrical appliances in the workplace, identify EIGHT examples of faults and bad practices that could contribute toelectrical accidents (8)


Mock 6 – GC2 – Controlling Workplace Hazards1. (a) Identify FOUR hazards associated with work at height above ground level. (4)

(b) Outline the factors to consider, specifically related to work at height, whilst conducting a risk assessment. (10)

(c) Describe safe working practices associated with the use of ladders. (6)

2. With respect to the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005:

(a) Give in dB(A), BOTH the lower AND the upper exposure action values; (2)(b) Outline the measures the employer is required to take when employees are exposed to

noise at or above an upper exposure action value. (6)

3. Identify EIGHT rules that should be followed by a driver when leaving a forklift truck unattended during a work break. (8)

4. A full skip is being collected from outside a building. Outline the control to minimise the risks involved with this activity. (8)

5. (a) Outline a good lifting technique that could be adopted by an individual when lifting a load; (6)

(b) Give TWO non-manual methods of lifting a load that reduce the risk to the individual. (2)

6. Outline the factor 'to be taken into account when undertaking an assessment of health risks from a hazardous substance to be used in the workplace. (8)

7. A carpenter is using a hammer and chisel to cut out a recess in a wooden door.

(a) Identify FOUR unsafe conditions, associated with the tools, that could affect the safety of the carpenter. (4)

(b) Outline suitable control measures for minimising the risk to the carpenter when using these tools. (4)

8. Outline the control measures that could be used to minimise the health risks from the use of organic solvents in the workplace. (8)

9. Whilst using a portable electrical grinder to cut a support beam at height, the operator accidentally makes direct contact with the supply cable.

(a) Identify FOUR possible outcomes associated with this action. (4)

(b) Identify FOUR protective devices/systems that could minimise the risk to the operator in these circumstances. (4)

10. A road worker is operating hand guided pneumatic road breaker to split concrete, subjecting the hands and arms to heavy vibration. Outline control measures that could be considered to reduce the health effects from vibration. (8)

11. Outline EIGHT ways of reducing the risk of fire starting within a workplace. (8)


NEBOSHNational General

CertificateGC2

Mock Examination Answers


INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK



1. A number of employees who are required to work with vibrating handheld tools for lengthy periods during a work shift have reported symptoms of tingling and numbness in their fingers. Further analysis indicates that the employees concerned could be showing early symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS).

(a) Describe further symptoms that might develop should the work continue. (4)(b) Outline factors to consider when assessing the risk of HAVs developing amongst the

employees. (8)(c) Outline precautions that could be taken to minimise the risk of the employees developing the

condition. (8)

(a) Symptoms can fall into the categories of vascular, neurological or musculoskeletal and include: blanching of the fingers typically cold induced followed by a reddish flush and painful

throbbing as circulation is restored. swollen and painful joints, which in more severe cases could result in carpal tunnel

syndrome causing cramping of the hands. physical pain in the hands and a reduction in dexterity, strength and sensory

perception.

(b) sources of vibration such as vibrating, reciprocating and rotating tools and equipment; the age of the equipment; the number of employees using the equipment and any information or guidance

provided by the manufacturers the frequency, magnitude and direction of the vibration; the duration of use or contact time of the employees; environmental factors such as exposure to cold weather; the use of force required to hold the equipment against the material being processed or

vice verse; personal factors such as pre-existing circulatory problems of the employees involved; an assessment of the current controls provided.

(c) substituting the tools with equipment with lower vibration characteristics; reducing the time of exposure of the operatives by regular breaks or job rotation; introducing a planned maintenance programme for the tools; introducing a defect reporting procedure; the possibility of carrying out the operation in a warmer environment; providing appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves; giving information and instruction to the employees on the correct work methods to be

used.

2. A well found on a development site needs to be made safe before construction work can begin.

(a) Identify the hazards that may be present in these circumstances. (4)(b) Outline the control measures that could be used in order to render the well safe. (4)(a) falling in and/or drowning;

the well as a confined space and were therefore the possible hazards arising of oxygen deficiency and the presence of toxic gas for anyone entering the well;

the possible collapse of the sides.


(b) the use of fences and barriers to establish an exclusion zone covering the well would be an important consideration; draining the well and filling it with hardcore or other material, depending on the

circumstances.

3. Identify FOUR mechanical hazards presented by a pedestal drill and, in EACH case, outline how injury may occur. (8) entanglement of clothes or hair with the drill bit or chuck; stabbing injuries from the end of the bit; contact with the drill chuck resulting in abrasions; ejection of, or impact by, unclamped work pieces, made worse by the fact that the work piece

may be spinning at fast speed on the bit; cutting hazards may also be presented by metal swarf produced by the drilling process.

4. (a) Identify the possible indications of a dust problem at work. Explain how a 'static' dust sampler is used to assess the level of airborne dust in a workplace. (4)

(b) Explain how a ‘static’ dust sampler is used to assess the level of airborne dust in a workplace. (4)

(a) fine deposits on surfaces, people and products; dust particles visible in the air; plant issues such as blocked filters; complaints of discomfort and irritation from the workforce; cases of ill-health reported or detected by health surveillance.

(b) the selection of an appropriate static sampler; before placing the sampler and its associated pump in the area to be assessed, it would

be necessary to pre-set the flow rate on the pump and weigh the filter After drawing a known volume of air through the filter, it would be sent to a laboratory

for analysis and the quantity of dust would be assessed gravimetrically by determining the weight change of the filter; or

chemical analysis for the presence of lead, for example, or by microscopy for the presence of filters such as asbestos.

5. Outline specific measures that may be needed to ensure that persons with sensory impairments and/or physical disabilities may be evacuated safely in the event of a fire (8) the provision of aural and visual alarms for those employees whose vision or hearing was

impaired; the positioning of disabled persons within the workplace to facilitate their evacuation; the introduction of a buddy system for the visually impaired; the allocation of clear responsibilities to able employees for the evacuation of the disabled; the provision of a dedicated lift where appropriate and evacu-chairs; ensuring that doorways and passageways were sufficiently wide to accommodate wheelchairs

and that ramps were positioned where necessary; the need to provide training in the evacuation procedures for those involved, coupled with

practices at regular intervals

6. A mechanical hoist is to be used to remove an engine from a vehicle in a motor repair shop.

(a) Give the requirements for the statutory examination and inspection of the hoist (2)(b) Outline the precautions to be taken to reduce the risk of injury to employees and others (6)


during the lifting operation.

(a) The Regulations require the hoist to be thoroughly examined by a competent person prior to its first use and then at least once in every period of twelve months in accordance with an examination scheme and additionally after any exceptional circumstances liable to jeopardise the safety of the equipment.

(b) a pre-use inspection; siting the hoist on firm level ground, with wheels locked during the lifting operation; securing the load firmly to the hook of the hoist; carrying out the lift at a steady rate; transporting the engine over a short distance before lowering it on to a trolley or bench using competent employees to carry out the operation.

7. Outline practical measures to reduce the risk of injury from electricity when using portable electric tools. (8) the use of a reduced voltage by means of a 110V step down transformer centre tapped to earth; the use of double insulated (class II equipment) or battery operated (cordless) equipment; the use of the tools in association with residual current devices protecting individuals by rapidly

disconnecting the power in the event of a fault occurring; ensuring earth continuity; ensuring the equipment is tested frequently; avoiding its use in wet weather; carrying out regular visual inspections and user checks.

Whilst there were some good answers provided there still seem to be candidates who appear not to be able to grasp the basics of electrical safety despite the fact that this question has been used on previous occasions.

8. (a) Identify possible routes of entry of biological organisms into the body (4)

(b) Outline control measures that could be used to reduce the risk of infection from biological organisms. (4)

(a) inhalation, injection, entry through broken skin, exchange of body fluids ingestion.

(b) cleaning and disinfecting; the use of personal protective equipment; engineering controls such as containment and the use of microbiological safety

cabinets; the introduction of procedures for the disposal of waste; the prohibition of smoking or eating/drinking in the work area; vermin control; good personal hygiene; immunisation.

9. Excluding welfare facilities, outline issues associated with the work environment that should be addressed before a new office building is occupied to ensure so far as is reasonably practicable workplace Health, Safety and Welfare of employees whilst at work. (8)

the availability of natural lighting;GC2 Revision Workbook Apr 16

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the adequacy of the artificial lighting provided particularly for specific areas such as stairs and corridors;

the avoidance of glare at workstations; arrangements for the provision of emergency lighting in the event of failure of the primary supply; the provision of effective and sufficient ventilation; an adequate heating system to provide and maintain a reasonable temperature throughout the

building; the condition of floors which should be suitable for the purpose and well maintained; the avoidance of space constraints; the construction of transparent or translucent doors with safety glass and ensuring they were

appropriately marked; ensuring that windows and skylights, designed to open did not project into an area where persons

were likely to collide with them; ensuring that adequate arrangements were in place for cleaning windows and skylights safely; checking that provision had been made to deal with the needs of disabled employees.

10. (a) Outline measures that can be taken to reduce levels of noise to which workers on a construction site are exposed from the use of cement mixers. (4)

(b) Identify FOUR other noise hazards that may be present on construction sites. (4)

(a) using mixers with lower noise emissions; placing the existing mixers behind acoustic screens; fixing silencers on diesel powered mixers; carrying out regular maintenance on the machines; minimising exposure times of the workers by job rotation; providing hearing protection for mixer operators and other workers in the vicinity; to dispense with the mixers and buy in ready mixed cement.

(b) those generated by the demolition or collapse of buildings; the use of explosives; the use of percussive tools/equipment; noise emanating from generators and compressors; noise generated by mobile plant and site transport

11. Give EIGHT types of hazard that may cause slips and trips in a workplace. (8)

the floor being poorly maintained; changes in level caused by ramps, slopes or kerbs; slippery surfaces caused by oil or water, other spillages being left in place and not cleaned up; inadequate lighting; the wearing of inappropriate footwear; general obstructions in walkways such as trailing cables, pipes and air hoses; miscellaneous rubbish being allowed to accumulate and block pedestrian routes.



1. Bench-mounted circular saws are operated in a workshop to cut wood to size in the manufacture of wooden pallets.

(a) In relation to the use of the circular saw, identify FOUR risks to the health AND FOUR risks to the safety of the saw operators (8)

(b) Outline the measures that can be taken to minimise the health and safety risks to the circular saw operators (12)

(a) Health: hearing damage; hand-arm vibration; respiratory problems such as asthma, nasal and/or lung cancer; dermatitis.Safety: amputation or cuts from contact with the rotating blade; injury caused by entanglement on rotating parts such as the spindle or parts of the

transmission machinery; injuries caused by flying particles and the ejection of wood being processed; manual

handling injuries; electrocution or electrical burns; injuries as a result of slips or falls.

(b) the completion of a risk assessment for the activity; the provision of an adjustable guard for the top of the saw exposing as little of the blade as

possible and a fixed guard for that part of the blade below the bench; protection at the rear of the blade in the form of a riving knife; the use of jigs or push sticks

to keep the operator's hands away from the blade at the end of the cut; the provision of emergency stop buttons and means of isolation for the machines; the provision of adequate space round the machines with the floor being maintained in a

sound condition and free from debris and loose material; the fitting and regular maintenance of a properly designed local exhaust ventilation system; ensuring adequate levels of lighting and heating; providing appropriate personal protective equipment such as goggles, ear defenders and

gloves.

2. An engineering company has noticed a recent increase in work-related ill health amongst the shop floor workers who use a degreasing solvent for which a workplace exposure limit (WEL) has been assigned.

(a) Explain the meaning of the term 'workplace exposure limit', (2)(b) Give possible reasons for the increase in work-related ill health amongst the shop floor

workers.(6)

(a) The term "workplace exposure limit" (WEL) is concerned with concentrations of hazardous substances in the air that people breathe averaged over a specified period of time and referred to as a time weighted average.

Two time periods are used: long term (8 hours) intended to control effects by restricting the total intake by inhalation over one or more work shifts and short term (usually 15 minutes) to control effects that may be seen after a brief exposure.

(b) the inadequacy of the original risk assessment carried out for the operation or a subsequent increase in the frequency and duration of the exposure of employees;

the original degreasing solvent might have been replaced by a new solvent for which no risk


assessment had been carried out; failure to carry out health screening of new employees or to give them adequate training on

the precautions to be observed; an increase in the quantity or concentration of the solvent; an inadequate or poorly maintained local exhaust ventilation system; a failure to carry out regular monitoring to ensure the work exposure limit was not being

exceeded.

3. Explain how a person may be injured when using a mobile elevating work platform (MEWP) to undertake maintenance work at height. (8) the overturning of the equipment because it was positioned on an uneven floor or because the

outriggers were not fully extended; falling from the platform because no hand rails were provided; inadvertent movement of the equipment because the brakes were not applied before raising the

platform; trapping in the scissor mechanism; mechanical failure of the lifting mechanism; striking or being crushed against overhead obstructions; failure of the MEWP because of overloading; a collision with moving vehicles.

4. Outline the factors to consider when assessing the adequacy of lighting in an open plan office (8) the types of task being undertaken (in particular the use of display screen equipment); the availability of natural light (both in summer and winter) and emergency lighting; the problems caused by glare; the effect of the office layout such as the positioning of screen dividers in relation to overhead

lights (in terms of shadows cast ); the contrast in levels between one area and another; the suitability and adjustability of local lighting in relation to specific tasks. the design of the lighting to suit the environment taking into account its type, colour and intensity,

and complaints from employees relating to lighting levels

5. (a) Giving an occupational source of EACH, identify TWO types of non-ionising radiation. (4)(b) Outline the health effects associated with exposure to non-ionising radiation. (4)(a) ultraviolet light (welding)

infra-red (lasers) microwave (ovens, radar or mobile phones) radio wave (communications transmitter) electromagnetic radiation (high voltage sources).

(b) skin cancer, photokeratitis or arc-eye from welding; retinal burns; Corneal damage in the form of cataracts from exposure to infrared radiation; burns to the skin from exposure to ultra violet or infra-red radiation; the heating of, and damage to, skin and internal organs by radio frequencies, particularly

microwaves.

6. With respect to the handling of flammable solvents in a workshop, outline types of inadequate (8)GC2 Revision Workbook Apr 16

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working practices that could increase the risk of a fire or explosion.

leaving containers of flammable solvent open on the shop floor or work benches; allowing sources of ignition in the work area such as hot work or smoking; leaving flammable liquids in direct sunlight; failing to use the exhaust ventilation provided resulting in a build up of vapour; decanting solvents into unsuitable containers such as those made from plastic; failing to introduce and then to adhere to an adequate procedure for dealing with spillages; failing to introduce procedures for the disposal of empty containers; the control of flammable waste; allowing larger quantities of solvents than were necessary to be brought into the work area.

7. A local exhaust ventilation (LEV) system is used to extract welding fume from the working environment in a fabrication workshop.

(a) Outline the factors that might reduce the effectiveness of the LEV system. (6)(b) Identify the possible effects that the use of the LEV system may have on the local and wider

environment. (2)(a) damage to the ducting;

blocked or incorrectly installed filters; fan inefficiency; design issues; process changes; unauthorised alterations such as increasing the number of outlets; incorrect use (e.g. failure to position the hood close enough to the source of emission); a blocked or obstructed outlet; a failure to provide a system of regular maintenance, inspection and testing.

(b) the release of air borne pollutants into the atmosphere noise; odour; the disposal of solid waste from the filter.

8. Outline the precautions that might be needed to ensure the safety of pedestrians in vehicle manoeuvring areas (8)

the layout and marking of traffic routes; maintaining good visibility by means of mirrors, transparent doors and the provision of lighting; the provision of warning signs and audible warnings on vehicles; the drawing up and enforcement of site rules such as speed restrictions and limited access; the provision of barriers and refuges; the wearing of high visibility clothing; a good standard of housekeeping; ensuring floors were properly maintained; training for, and supervision of, all concerned.

9. Giving a suitable example in EACH case, identify particular conditions of a working environment that may increase the risks from the use of portable electrical equipment. (8)

Environments that might expose equipment to mechanical damage such as a construction site where there is a risk of cables being run over by vehicles or coming into contact with sharp edges.

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Environments where equipment could be exposed to high or low temperatures such as in foundries or cold stores,

Environments where chemicals and corrosive liquids such as acids and/or alkalisare used.

Flammable or explosive atmospheres where equipment could be exposed todusts, vapours or gases.

Dirty and dusty environments such as construction sites or saw mills. Wet and humid environments such as laundries and swimming pools, and Environments involving work at heights or in confined spaces where there would

be the likelihood of trailing cables.

10. Employees working for a charity are required to collect plastic bags of clothes, books and other donated goods from outside householders' premises and carry them to a waiting company van.

Giving reasons in EACH case, outline the types of injury the employees may sustain from the activity. (8)

muscular strains torn ligaments; injuries to the spine from handling and carrying bags of unknown weight over varying distances and then

lifting them into the van; cuts and abrasions arising from contact with the contents of the bags; bone and flesh injuries following slips, trips and falls over kerbs and other obstructions. being struck by passing traffic; while injuries arising from assaults by members of the public or more probably dogs.

11. Identify EIGHT components of an independent tied scaffold that has been erected by a competent person. (8)

standards - vertical poles; base plates - fitted under each standard; sole boards - placed under a pair of standards when used on soft ground; ledgers - poles connect to each standard horizontally running parallel to the structure; bracing (ledger and longitude) - zigzag poles to give stability; ties (box, anchor, reveal or through) - securing the scaffold to the structure; working platforms - usually a minimum of 600mm for access; toe boards - minimum of 150mm in height to stop materials and feet slipping off; guard rails - minimum height of 950mm; safe means of access such as ladders internal to the structure; brick guards; chutes to dispose of waste.



1. Hazardous substances in the form of paints, solvents and cleaning chemicals are to be used for the internal re-decoration of a public library.

(a) Identify 4 possible routes of entry of the hazardous substances into the body. (4)(b) Outline the factors to consider when undertaking an assessment of the risks to health from the

hazardous substances, as required under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002. (8)

(c) Outline the control measures required to prevent employees and members of the public's exposure to the hazardous substances. (8)

(a) inhalation ingestion injection absorption through the skin through broken skin through the eyes

(b) the nature of the substances in use and the likely hazards that they pose; the possible routes of entry such as inhalation or ingestion; the quantity of substances used and their airborne concentration; the existence of any workplace exposure limits (WELs); the number and type of persons exposed; the duration and frequency of their exposure; an assessment of the effectiveness of and the degree of compliance with existing control measures

such as personal and respiratory protective equipment available records of environmental monitoring.

(c) the substitution of the substances in use with those which were less harmful; the provision of effective general and local exhaust ventilation; a reduction in exposure time by task rotation and the provision of adequate breaks; a reduction in the quantity of substances being used; the provision and use of personal protective equipment such as clothing, gloves and masks; the prohibition of eating and drinking in the work area; the provision of information and instruction to employees on the risks involved together with effective

supervision to ensure that control measures were being followed; members of the general public, the most effective control measure would be to close the library

completely during the re-decoration work or to carry out the work outside normal opening hours; or segregate and isolate areas of the library where work was being carried out and to prevent entry by

the public to those areas.

2. (a) Explain, using a suitable sketch, the significance of the 'fire triangle'. (4)(b) Identify TWO methods of heat transfer AND explain how EACH can cause the spread of fire in

work premises.(4)

(a) Sketch a clearly labelled diagram showing each side of the fire triangle representing one of the three elements - fuel, oxygen and a source of ignition - that must be present for combustion to occur;

all three elements need to be present for fire to occur or continue.

(b) conduction e.g. where heat can travel through metal beams between separate compartments and cause ignition;

radiation where heat is radiated through space and affects material at a distance;


convection involving the upward transfer of heat by currents of hot air and contact; direct burning where a heat source comes into direct contact with combustible material

causing ignition.

3. Identify the hazards associated with the use of a materials hoist on a construction site. (8) instability because of incorrect erection or subsequent damage; insufficient enclosure of the hoist-way exposing moving parts of the hoist with unguarded

openings through which employees might fall; failure to provide interlocked gates at ground and landing levels which could lead to employees

falling down the hoist-way or being struck by the platform; overloading of the hoist; failure to secure loads on the hoist platform which could lead to employees being struck by falling

materials; inadequate braking systems to control the descent of the platorm; allowing the hoist to be operated from different levels instead of by one nominated operator in a

fixed position; failure to position the operator where they had a clear view of the landing levels; unauthorised use of the hoist by untrained personnel; lack of regular inspection and maintenance.

4. (a) Describe the typical symptoms of occupational dermatitis. (2)(b) Identify the factors that will influence the likelihood of dermatitis occurring in workers who are

required to handle dermatitic substances. (6)(a) reddening, blistering and cracking of the skin;

infection or ulceration.

(b) the nature of the agent; concentration levels; the duration and frequency of exposure; existing cuts and abrasions (which would allow chemicals to be absorbed more readily); the type of skin and its sensitivity; the specific site of skin contact; poor personal hygiene; the misuse or non-use of protective measures such as gloves and barrier creams.

5. Outline factors to consider when carrying out an assessment of a display screen equipment (DSE) workstation. (8) the height and adjustability of the monitor; the provision of a wrist support for the keyboard; the adjustability and stability of the chair provided for the operator; the location of the workstation with regard to lighting and glare; environmental issues such as noise, temperature, humidity and draughts; cable management and the storage of materials around the workstation which could limit the

amount of space available for the operator and affect his/her posture.

6. Electricity is one of the causes of workplace fires.

(a) Outline how fires could be caused by electricity. (6)(b) Identify TWO types of extinguisher that can be used safely on 'electrical' fires. (2)


(a) overheating of electrical equipment; overheating of cables (due to current overload); ignition of flammable/combustible materials by electrical sparks (due to arcing caused by

short circuit, poor connections or static electricity); incorrect fuse rating; coiled extension leads; overloaded electrical sockets; cable damage.

(b) carbon dioxide; dry powder;

7. A new pedestal (pillar) drill has been installed in an engineering workshop. Identify the factors that should be considered before it is first used, to reduce the risk of injury to the operators. (8) CE marking; the availability of operating and maintenance instructions; arranging for the commissioning and the provision of a practical demonstration by the machine

suppliers; the correct siting of the machine with regard both to its stability, the level of lighting and the space

provided for operation and access; the completion of a risk assessment; ensuring that all protective devices were in place; ensuring controls were properly labelled; the testing of controls to ensure they functioned correctly; ensuring control measures were in place to counter the environmental effects of dust, fumes, noise and

vibration; providing personal protective equipment such as goggles; the selection of competent personnel to operate the machine; the preparation of a schedule for its regular inspection and maintenance.

Reference to PUWER and its supporting ACOP and guidance could also gain marks.

8. (a) Identify FOUR types of work where employees may be at an increased risk of violence from dealing with members of the public. (4)

(b) Outline physical measures that can be taken to protect employees from the risk of violence that may arise out of dealing with members of the public. (4)

(a) the health sector; social services; education; enforcement; service industries; debt collection.

(b) the use of CCTV and security staff; the use of physical barriers such as raised floor levels, wider counters to increase separation

distance and reinforced window screens; the provision of alarm systems which might be personal or operated from desks or counters; coded security systems on doors to prevent access by members of the public; secure parking areas with locked access; external security lights.

9. Outline the factors that may increase the risk of injury to pedestrians who need to walk through a warehouse. (8) the condition of the floors with the possible presence of pot holes, loose coverings, oil and water; changes in levels such as ramps, kerbs or steps;


the possibility of being struck by moving vehicles because of a failure to segregate vehicles from pedestrians by the provision of suitable walkways;

objects projecting or falling from racking; a lack of housekeeping; a poor standard of lighting; a failure to wear appropriate footwear and high visibility clothing; individual issues such as impaired sight or hearing.

10. (a) Identify FOUR specific types of injury that may be caused by the incorrect manual handling of loads. (4)

(b) Outline the factors in relation to the load that will affect the risk of injury. (4)

(a) spinal disc compression or prolapsed disc; torn or sprained ligaments; strained tendons; hernia; dislocation and fractures; muscular strain; cuts and abrasions; crushing and impact injuries.

(b) Load:– the size and weight of the load;– the possibility that the contents might move and the load become unbalanced;– the centre of gravity not in the centre of the load;– difficulty in securing a firm grasp of the load;– the presence of sharp edges;– the fact that the load may be intrinsically harmful e.g. hot, cold etc.

11. Identify ways in which accidents may be prevented when using ladders as a means of access. (8)

There are many factors to consider when using ladders as a means of access. Candidates who presented a good range of these were able to gain high marks. Those who fared best tended to provide a structured answer with issues grouped into categories of 'condition/suitability', 'siting' and 'use', and then gave appropriate examples in each case.

Condition/stability: Ensuring that the ladder is of the correct length/type with adequate overlap on extended ladders

and that it is sound (e.g. not painted or damaged)Siting: The ladder must be placed the right way up, on firm ground and at the correct angle, securely

footed and/or tied, and positioned to avoid over-reaching or contact with live cables; The base of the ladder should be protected from collisions by people or vehicles.Use: Those using the ladder should have suitable footwear free of mud or grease and be provided with

means of keeping their hands free (e.g. tool belts).



1. A modular, portable office building has been delivered to a company's premises. It is to be lifted from the delivery vehicle, to its designated resting place, with a mobile crane. To assist with the health and safety of persons who may be on the premises during the lifting operation:

(a) Identify the issues that should be considered when planning and preparing for the lifting operation to be undertaken; (7)

(b) Outline a procedure for the safe lining and lowering of the portable office; (10)(c) Outline the statutory requirements for the inspection and examination of the lifting

equipment. (3)(a) the completion of a risk assessment;

the weight, size and shape of the load; the selection of a crane of adequate capacity; ensuring test certificates and examination reports have been checked; the identification of an appropriate resting place for the temporary office; the preparation of a written plan for completing the lift; the appointment of a competent person to supervise the operation.

(b) the siting of the crane on firm ground, well away from overhead power lines and other obstructions and ensuring its stability by means of outriggers or jacks;

segregating the lifting area by means of barriers and signs; using slings of adequate strength and connecting them to the lifting points provided on the

portable office; ensuring good communication between the crane driver and banksman during the lift; carrying out a test lift to ensure the load was correctly balanced before lifting it slowly and

vertically using tag lines to control any movement during the lift; ensuring the load was not left suspended during the lift; moving the load slowly to its landing position; releasing tension on the slings when the

office was positioned as planned and removing them.

(c) lifting equipment should be thoroughly examined by a competent person prior to its first use and then at least once in every period of twelve months (six months in the case of lifting tackle) in accordance with an examination scheme;

after any exceptional circumstances liable to jeopardise the safety of the equipment.

2. (a) Identify FOUR classes of fire AND the associated fuel sources. (4)(b) Identify FOUR types of portable fire extinguisher, and in EACH case state the class of fire

on which they should be used.(4)

(a) class A fires involving solids such as wood, paper, coal and plastics; class B fires involving liquids or liquefied solids such as petrol, oil, paint or wax; class C fires involving gases such as liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas or acetylene; class D fires involving metals such as sodium, magnesium, aluminium or potassium class F fires involving cooking oils or fats.

(b) water - suitable for use on class A fires; AFFF (aqueous film forming foam) for use on class A and B fires; dry powder - for use on class B or C fires; CO2 for class B and C fires; special powders for Class D fires wet chemical for use when high temperature fat and cooking oils are involved - class F.


3. Outline the precautions to be taken to minimise the risks to persons working in cold stores at sub-zero temperatures. (8)

the provision of thermal clothing and restricting time spent in the cold store with regular breaks;

the availability of warm drinks; precautions against being locked in the cold store such as doors capable of being opened

from the inside and alarms; measures to protect the employees against the escape of refrigerant gas; the selection of equipment used in cold stores such as racking designed to withstand low

temperatures; the removal of ice build up; the need for pre-employment examinations and continuing health surveillance; the provision of information and training on the potential hazards associated with this type of

work and the precautions to be taken.

4. (a) In relation to machine safety, outline the principles of operation of:

interlocked guards; (2)trip devices, (2)

(b) Other than contact with dangerous parts, identify FOUR types of hazard against which fixed guards on machines may provide protection. (4)

(a) An interlocked guard as one that is linked to the machine controls by mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic means so that the machine will not operate until the guard is closed; when the machine is in a dangerous condition, the guard is either prevented from opening or, if it is opened, the dangerous parts of the machine are made safe,

A trip device, on the other hand, operates when a person approaches a danger area. Typical examples are trip bars or probes, pressure mats or photoelectric systems ('light curtains'). Once the device is triggered, it 'trips' the machine which either stops or otherwise becomes safe.

(b) by reducing noise emissions; by containing hazardous substances such as oil mist or dust; by providing shielding against heat or electricity; by preventing the ejection of material (e.g. particles or broken mechanical parts) from the

machine.

5. Carcinogenic and explosive are two hazardous properties of waste as listed in the Hazardous Waste Regulations. Identify EIGHT other hazardous properties as listed in these Regulations. (8) oxidising; highly flammable; flammable; irritant - non corrosive substances which through immediate, prolonged or repeated contact with the skin

or mucous membrane can cause inflammation; harmful - substances which if inhaled, ingested or penetrate the skin, may involve limited health risks;

toxic - substances which through inhalation, ingestion or skin penetration, may involve serious, acute or chronic health risks and even death;

corrosive - substances which may destroy living tissue on contact; infectious -substances containing viable micro-organisms or their toxins which are known or reliably

believed to cause disease in man or other living organisms; teratogenic - substances which through inhalation, ingestion or skin penetration may induce non-


hereditary congenital malformations or increase their incidence; mutagenic - substances which through inhalation, ingestion or skin penetration may induce hereditary

genetic defects or increase their incidence; ecotoxic - substances which present or may present immediate or delayed risks for one or more sectors

of the environment; substances/preparations that release toxic or very toxic gases in contact with water, air or acid.

6. (a) With reference to an electrical circuit, state the relationship between voltage, current and resistance. (2)

(b) Outline the factors that could affect the severity of injury from an electric shock received from a defective hand-held tool. (6)

(a) the relationship between electrical pressure (volts), current (measured in amperes or milliamperes) and resistance (measured in ohms) represented by Ohm's Law.o Thus voltage (V) equals current (I) multiplied by the circuit resistance [V =IR]o current (I) equals voltage divided by resistance [I = V/R].o Given any two values, the third can be calculated, and if one of the values changes, the other

two values will change accordingly.

(b) the voltage involved; the nature of the current passing through the body (AC/DC); the path taken through the body by the current; the length of contact time; the general health and age of the person involved; individual body resistance involving sex, age and the dryness of the skin and

environmental factors such as ground conditions; the type of clothing and footwear being worn

7. Outline the precautions that should be taken for the routine maintenance of machinery. (8) the original design of the machine so that where possible to reduce the need to remove guards for routine

maintenance and lubrication; operate a permit to work system which would help to ensure that electrical power to the machine was

isolated and locked off, and all pipelines leading to the machine were similarly isolated with sufficient time allowed for the machinery to cool down before maintenance starts;

means of access such as a scaffold may have to be erected and barriers and warning signs placed round the machinery to advise employees that maintenance work was in progress.;

ensure employees who carry out the work are competent; provide personal protective equipment such as eye protection and harnesses.

8. (a) Identify THREE types of asbestos commonly found in building materials. (3)

(b) Outline where asbestos is likely to be encountered in a building during renovation work. (5)

(a) white (chrysotile) brown (asbestos grunerite or amosite) blue (crocidolite)

(b) pipe lagging; roofing materials; loft and wall insulation; sprayed coatings such as on steel members to provide fire resistance; the use of asbestos in ceiling tiles, panels and textured finishes; presence of gaskets, packing and plugs made of asbestos-containing materials.


9. In order to improve the safety of pedestrians in vehicle manoeuvring areas, identify the rules that should be followed by:

(a) Drivers; (4)

(b) Pedestrians. (4)

(a) the need to carry out pre-user checks; the adherence to speed limits and safety signs; the use of alarms and horns where required; the use of visibility aids; remaining in marked vehicle zones; parking vehicles in designated parking areas; removing the ignition keys when the vehicle is not in use.

(b) keeping to designated walkways; wear hi-visibility clothing; use designated crossing points; observe safety signs; use entrance/exit doors separate from those used by vehicles; escort visitors who might not be familiar with the site and the access routes.

10. In relation to work-related upper limb disorders (WRULDs):

(a) Identify the typical signs and symptoms that might be experienced by affected individuals; (4)

(b) Outline the factors that would increase the risk of WRULDs. (4)

(a) pain to the back, neck and shoulders and/or arms swollen joints reduced mobility stiffness, cramps and muscle fatigue loss of strength in the hands and grip above conditions will typically affect sleep and normal functioning.

(b) workstation layout the failure to provide sufficient breaks space constraints resulting in poor working postures; excessive force or awkward hand movements needed to carry out an operation; the frequency with which tasks need to be repeated; the use of vibrating tools and equipment; the involvement of vulnerable workers such as those with pre-existing medical conditions

and pregnant women.

11. Give reasons that may cause a mobile tower scaffold to become unstable. (8)

component conditiono the effectiveness of the brakes together;o the use of defective components.

erectiono failure to use competent workers in the erection of the scaffold;o erecting the tower on ground that was neither firm nor level;o neglecting to maintain the correct base/height ratio.

use


o failure to fit outriggers in conditions where these would be required;o using the scaffold in high winds;o climbing the outside of the tower;o moving the tower on uneven ground with materials and/or persons on the working

platform;o using the scaffold as a support for heavy materials or rubbish chutes.



1. A telecommunications worker needs to lift a 20kg manhole cover in order to repair fibre optic cables. The working area is 1.5m below ground and 1m from the kerb of a busy road.

(a) Identify FOUR factors associated with the worker that may affect the risk of injury when removing the manhole cover. (4)

(b) Outline SIX types of hazard associated with these activities (6)(c) Outline possible control measures to minimise the risk to the worker and pedestrians whilst

carrying out these activities. (10)(a) his physical strength and stature

his age and health status his capability which might be affected by an inherent disability the training or lack of it that he had been given in manual handling and lifting techniques a failure by his employer to provide appropriate personal protective equipment such as

gloves and safety footwear.

(b) the need to lift the heavy manhole cover; the possibility of falling into the open manhole; hazards arising from passing traffic such as noise, fumes and the possibility of being struck by a

vehicle; hazards connected with working in a confined space such as means of access, and the

possibility of flooding or lack of oxygen; electrical hazards from handling the fibre optic cables; biological hazards from contaminated water in the working area - Weil's disease; the possibility of slipping/tripping over the manhole cover or tools on the ground hazards associated with lone working.

(c) making an initial arrangement for two persons to be involved in removing the manhole cover using appropriate tools such as T-piece keys

the need to provide safe access/egress to the manhole such as fitting dedicated rungs; arranging for the provision of ventilation for the manhole by mechanical means where

testing has shown this to be necessary; the provision of a suitable temporary cover for the manhole in times of inclement

weather; the provision and wearing of personal protective equipment such as helmets, boots,

gloves and high visibility jackets ensuring employees have adequate means of communication with a control centre such

as a mobile telephone or radio the need to arrange for the management of passing traffic and pedestrians by the

provision of barriers, cones and warning lights the need to ensure that the manhole cover when removed and tools in use do not cause

a tripping hazard for pedestrians.

2. A chainsaw is to be used to fell a tree. In relation to this task:

(a) Identify FOUR hazards associated with the use of the chainsaw; (4)(b) Identify the items of personal protective equipment that should be used by the chainsaw

operative(4)

(a) contact or entanglement with the chain; noise and vibration;


dust and fumes; ejected particles; hot surfaces; manual handling; struck by falling branches.

(b) personal protective equipment such as forestry boots, helmets fitted with mesh face shields

hearing protection Kevlar gloves and overalls which would afford the necessary body and leg protection

3. Outline the precautions necessary for the safe storage and handling of small containers of flammable solvents. (8) selecting containers that are suitable for the purpose; labelling the containers clearly with information about their contents; marking the storage area in which they are held; ensuring that empty containers are tightly closed and stored outside the building or in a store

constructed of fire resisting materials; taking measures to prevent vapour build-up by the provision of a good standard of ventilation; to prevent or reduce the impact of spillages by using non-spill caps or bunding the area where

the containers are held; removing likely sources of ignition; limiting the quantities stored and the amounts in use; controlling the disposal of flammable waste and providing suitable appliances for fighting fire.

4. Staff are employed to clean a large science college in the mornings and evenings. Outline the specific hazards the cleaners could be exposed to. (8) the use of electrical equipment manual handling of heavy cleaning equipment and furniture items falling during the cleaning operation dealing with sharp objects such as broken glass slips, trips and falls coming in to contact with laboratory chemicals the possible presence of radiation sources, a variety of gases and biological hazards out of hours work situation would expose the cleaners to the hazards generally associated with

lone working such as the difficulty of ensuring adequate levels of supervision and communication

the possibility of violence from students or unauthorised visitors the absence of any adequate emergency arrangements.

5. Outline the precautions to protect against electrical contact when:

(a) Excavating near underground cables; (4)(b) Working in the vicinity of overhead power lines. (4)(a) isolating the supply;

identifying cable routes from plans and by the use of cable detectors; marking cable routes on site; checking for service box covers and other street furniture;


digging with hand tools rather than with a mechanical excavator.

(b) isolation of the supply where this is possible following consultation with the supply provider;

the erection of goal-post barriers on either side of the lines to define clearance distances; the clear marking of danger zones (for example with signs and bunting); ensuring safe access routes under the lines; using marshals and banksmen when there is a possibility that cranes, excavators or

tipper lorries might approach overhead lines; restricting the use of items such as metal ladders and scaffold tubes near live lines.

6. Outline the factors to consider when carrying out a fire risk assessment of a workplace. (8) the probability of fire breaking out and its possible magnitude, bearing in mind the fire resistance of the

structure; the means of detection and raising the alarm; fire-fighting measures and evacuation; possible ignition sources; the quantities of flammable and combustible materials together with the processes and activities

carried on in the workplace; the effectiveness of detectors and call-points including their siting, testing and maintenance; the siting and audibility of alarms; the means of contacting the emergency services; the siting, suitability and maintenance of fire extinguishers and sprinkler systems; training of personnel in the use of extinguishers; the adequacy of emergency signs; the provision and testing of emergency lighting; the number of people to be evacuated and particular groups at risk; the adequacy of escape routes; staff training in evacuation procedures.

7. Identify control measures that can be implemented to reduce the risk of violence in a busy accident and emergency department. (8) the design of the public areas of the department in terms of decor, seating, lighting, the absence of

obvious barriers and the means of providing information to the patients particularly on waiting times; balancing between presenting a calm and open environment and protecting staff from any violent

incidents that could arise; discreet or obvious wide counters, coded locks on doors, CCTV systems, panic buttons and alarm

systems; designing the department and the task to minimise the risk of assault; ensuring that the staffing levels are adequate and that the staff are provided with awareness training to

enable them to recognise the early signs of aggressive behaviour and avoid, defuse or otherwise deal with a violent situation;

strict security procedures in place to deal with the storage and issue of drugs and to employ security staff who would assist in the exclusion of known offenders.

8. (a) Describe the differences between acute and chronic health effects. (4)

(b) Identify the factors that could affect the level of harm experienced by an employee exposed to a toxic substance (4)

(a) acute health effects, when the adverse effects appear after a single or short term exposure to the agent, and the response is invariably rapid or immediate. In most cases, acute effects recede on


cessation of exposure chronic health effects, on the other hand, usually result from prolonged or repeated exposure to

the agent. The response is normally gradual, often progressive and irreversible, and may go unrecognised for long periods of time.

(b) the route of entry of the toxic substance into the body; the associated mode of exposure; the concentration, physical state and toxicity of the substance; the level, duration and frequency of exposure; the effectiveness of the control measures in place; personal factors such as the age, gender, health status and susceptibilities of those exposed.

9. (a) Identify TWO work activities that may give rise to work-related upper limb disorders (WRULDs). (2)

(b) Outline control measures that can be implemented to reduce the risk of WRULDs. (6)

(a) work with display screen equipment; manual work such as bricklaying; carrying out tasks involving repetitive gripping or twisting; work on a continuous production line.

(b) the possibility of automating the task to be carried out; if unable to automate, a risk assessment of the task would have to be completed with

particular reference to ergonomic issues; re-designing the equipment in use; reducing the duration of repetitive tasks and the force that needs to be applied; reducing the use of striking or vibrating tools; improving the grip on the tools in use; introducing job rotation; ensuring employees are given adequate rest breaks; keeping the working environment warm; ensuring employees are fully trained in the procedures to be followed and the

precautions to be taken.

10. Identify the hazards a skip collector could be exposed to when moving a full skip from the ground onto the back of a skip loader vehicle. (8)

contact with the vehicle mechanisms such as the hydraulic arms and loading frame; becoming trapped in the chains and skip or lifting lugs; contact with the moving skip; contact with overhead obstructions; uneven loading of the skip; overloading of the skip which might lead to mechanical or structural failure; skip contaminants which could include biological material, asbestos or sharps; trips or falls caused by the slippery surface on the flatbed of the vehicle or uneven ground conditions

whether on the road or in the skip location; being struck by passing traffic.

11. With respect to the use of portable electrical appliances in the workplace, identify EIGHT examples of faults and bad practices that could contribute to

(8)


electrical accidents

use of incorrect rating of fuses; overloading sockets; initial failure to select the right equipment for the job and/or environment; inadequate checks on the equipment before use to ensure it was not damaged; a lack of procedures for its regular maintenance; misuse and abuse of the equipment by employees; poor earth protection; the use of coiled extension cables; cables that were insufficiently protected and liable to damage particularly in workshop or

construction environments.


Mock 6 – GC2 – Controlling Workplace Hazards1. (a) Identify FOUR hazards associated with work at height above ground level. (4)

(b) Outline the factors to consider, specifically related to work at height, whilst conducting a risk assessment. (10)

(c) Describe safe working practices associated with the use of ladders. (6)(a) the vertical distance that a person might fall;

fragile surfaces such as roof lights and deteriorating materials particularly on roofs; unprotected edges; unstable or poorly maintained access equipment; being struck by falling objects; coming into contact with overhead obstructions; severe weather conditions.

(b) whether the work could be avoided; if not the nature and duration of the task to be carried out; the level of competence of the persons to be involved and the training that may need to be

provided; the planning and level of supervision that would be required; the means of access arid egress to be provided; the suitability and state of repair of the equipment to be used; the use of guard rails, toe boards and working platforms; personal protection equipment such as harnesses and helmets; the possibility of using a fall arrest system such as netting; weather conditions; the health status of the individuals concerned particularly those who might suffer from vertigo or a

heart condition; compliance with the requirements of the Work at Height Regulations and the MHSWR.

(c) the suitability of the ladder for the work ensuring it is of the correct length; carrying out a pre-use check on the ladder to ensure it is in good condition;/ positioning the ladder on a clean level surface using a 1:4 ratio; protecting the ladder from impact; tying and/or footing the ladder to ensure its stability; maintaining three points of contact; avoiding the use of the top four rungs since this would not allow a hand hold to be maintained; refraining from carrying heavy materials since this might affect balance and could pose a risk to

those at ground level if dropped; wearing suitable footwear to improve grip and balance.

2. With respect to the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005:

(a) Give in dB(A), BOTH the lower AND the upper exposure action values; (2)(b) Outline the measures the employer is required to take when employees are exposed to noise at

or above an upper exposure action value. (6)(a) the lower exposure action value is 80 db(A)

the upper exposure action value is 85 db(A); both averaged over an 8-hour day or week.

(b) the completion of risk assessments;


the elimination of noise at source or its reduction to as low a level as is reasonably practicable; the implementation of organisational or technical measures (engineering controls); the designation of hearing protection zones; the provision and maintenance of hearing protection; the provision to employees of information, instruction and training on the risks of exposure to

noise and the controls that had been introduced; the undertaking of health surveillance where the assessment indicated that this was necessary.

3. Identify EIGHT rules that should be followed by a driver when leaving a forklift truck unattended during a work break. (8) the return of the fork-lift truck to a designated area on firm level ground with the mast tilted forward and

the forks resting on the floor; the return of the controls to neutral and the brakes applied; the isolation of the power with the ignition key removed and/retained in a designated secure area; the need to park the truck away from other vehicles and in a position that did not block emergency exits.

4. A full skip is being collected from outside a building. Outline the control to minimise the risks involved with this activity. (8) the utilisation of non-slip materials on the flatbed of the removal vehicle; the need to de-grease the flatbed on a regular basis; the need for the driver to use steps when alighting from the cab or flatbed; ensuring the stability of the vehicle with the use of outriggers; adhering to the safe working loads of the skip and the lifting equipment; using a banksman and cordoning off the loading area when passing traffic or pedestrians might be

affected; controlling the initial take up of the skip to minimise swinging; securing the skip once it had been landed on the flatbed; covering the skip contents with netting or tarpaulin; ensuring that the statutory examinations are carried out on the lifting chains and shackles and the lifting

mechanism of the vehicle; the use by the driver and any other person involved in the operation of appropriate footwear, gloves and

hi-visibility jackets.

5. (a) Outline a good lifting technique that could be adopted by an individual when lifting a load; (6)(b) Give TWO non manual methods of lifting a load that reduce the risk to the individual. (2)(a) keeping the feet slightly apart and close to the load

bending at the knees retaining the natural curvature of the spine keeping the head up and the chin in securing a firm grip on the load keeping the load close to the body without twisting driving through the hips and lifting smoothly using the leg muscles.

(b) the use of lifting equipment such as hoists or cranes; transportation equipment for example conveyors or air pallet; mechanical means such as forklift trucks.

6. Outline the factor 'to be taken into account when undertaking an assessment of health risks from a (8)


hazardous substance to be used in the workplace.

the hazardous nature of the substance e.g. whether toxic, corrosive or carcinogenic; the form in which it was to appear in the workplace e.g. a dust or fume; the likely form of exposure such as inhalation or contact with the skin; the possible ill-health effects of exposure to it; the frequency, duration and level of exposure; the number and type of persons who would be exposed; the existence applicable standards such as work exposure limits; the suitability and adequacy of the control measures currently in place.

7. A carpenter is using a hammer and chisel to cut out a recess in a wooden door.

(a) Identify FOUR unsafe conditions, associated with the tools, that could affect the safety of the carpenter. (4)

(b) Outline suitable control measures for minimising the risk to the carpenter when using these tools. (4)

(a) a split, loose or broken head or handle on the hammer; the hammer head being worn or chipped; the cutting edge of the chisel being blunt or damaged; the chisel head becoming mushroom shaped; the incorrect compatibility of chisel and hammer for the task such as the hammer being

too small or too large for the chisel.

(b) the selection of the appropriate tools for the task; pre-inspection before use; regular maintenance to preserve their integrity; ensuring the cutting edge of the chisel is sharpened at the right angle; grinding off the sides of the chisel head to prevent mushrooming; ensuring a good standard of housekeeping in the work area; wearing personal protective equipment such as gloves and eye protection.

8. Outline the control measures that could be used to minimise the health risks from the use of organic solvents in the workplace (8)

the possibility of substituting the solvent with one less volatile or with an aqueous solution; the provision and use of local exhaust ventilation; isolating or enclosing the process where the solvents were used; reducing the exposure time of the employees; using suitable anti-spill and labelled containers; providing personal protective equipment for the employees involved such as eye protection gloves

and respiratory protective equipment; providing pre and post work barrier creams for the use of employees; prohibiting the taking of food and drink in the working area; ensuring employees were given appropriate and adequate information arid training; encouraging high levels of personal hygiene such as washing hands before eating and showering at

the end of the day.

9. Whilst using a portable electrical grinder to cut a support beam at height, the operator accidentally makes direct contact with the supply cable.

(a) Identify FOUR possible outcomes associated with this action. (4)


(b) Identify FOUR protective devices/systems that could minimise the risk to the operator in these circumstances. (4)

(a) electrocution of or electric shock to the operator which might also result in direct or indirect burns; the possibility of falling from a height; arcing causing damage to the eyes; fire with the possibility of explosion of flammable materials; interruption of the power supply though the incident might not result in personal injury.

(b) the use of fuses and circuit breakers; ensuring good earth continuity; the use of reduced voltage by means of a 110v step down transformer centre tapped to earth; the use of double insulated (class II) equipment; the use of the tools in association with residual current devices protecting individuals by rapidly

disconnecting the power in the event of a fault occurring.

10. A road worker is operating hand guided pneumatic road breaker to split concrete, subjecting the hands and arms to heavy vibration. Outline control measures that could be considered to reduce the health effects from vibration. (8)

carrying out a risk assessment to determine daily exposure; substituting high vibration equipment with equipment with lower vibration characteristics; giving information and instruction to the employees on the correct work methods to be used; reducing the exposure time of operatives by regular breaks or job rotation; introducing a planned maintenance programme for the tools; introducing a defect reporting procedure; providing means for warming hands such as gloves or hand driers; ensuring the daily exposure limit value is not exceeded; identifying sensitised individuals; introducing health promotion and health surveillance for all the operatives involved.

11. Outline EIGHT ways of reducing the risk of fire starting within a workplace. (8)

the control of smoking and smoking materials; good housekeeping to prevent the accumulation of waste paper and other combustible materials; regular lubrication of machinery to prevent sparks; regular inspection of electrical equipment for damage; ensuring that electrical systems are not overloaded; ensuring ventilation outlets on equipment are not obstructed; controlling hot work by permits or by the creation of designated areas; providing proper storage facilities for flammable liquids; segregating incompatible chemicals; implementing security procedures to reduce the risk of arson.


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