separation techniques methods of separating mixtures magnet filter decant evaporation centrifuge...
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Methods of Separating Mixtures
• Magnet• Filter• Decant• Evaporation• Centrifuge• Chromatography• Distillation
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• Filtrate: as the liquid that passes through the filter
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Filtration separates
a liquid from a solid
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40
Mixture ofsolid andliquid Stirring
rod
Filtrate (liquidcomponentof the mixture)
Filter papertraps solid
Funnel
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Paper Chromatography
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Setup to heat a solution
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 42
Ring stand
Beaker
Wire gauze
Ring
Bunsen burner
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A Distillation Apparatus
liquid with a soliddissolved in it
thermometer
condenser
tube
distillingflask
pure liquid
receiving flaskhose connected to
cold water faucetDorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 282
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The solution is boiled and steam is driven off.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39
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Salt remains after all water is boiled off.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39
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No chemical change occurs when salt water is distilled.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40
Saltwater solution(homogeneous mixture)
Distillation(physical method)
Salt
Pure water
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Separation of a sand-saltwater mixture.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40
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Different Types of Fuel Combustion
2 C8H18 + 25 O2 16 CO2 + 18 H2O
__CH3OH +__O2 __CO2 +__H2O
Methanol (in racing fuel)
Gasoline (octane)
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Centrifugation
• Spin sample very rapidly: denser materials go to bottom (outside)
• Separate blood into serum and plasma– Serum (clear)– Plasma (contains red blood
cells ‘RBCs’)• Check for anemia (lack of iron)
Blood
RBC’s
Serum
A B C
AFTER
Before
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Water Molecules
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 8
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The decomposition of two water molecules.
2 H2O O2 + 2 H2
Electriccurrent
Watermolecules
Diatomic Diatomicoxygen molecule hydrogen molecules+
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Electrolysis
*Must add acid catalyst to conduct electricity
*H1+
water oxygen hydrogen
“electro” = electricity “lysis” = to split
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 32
Water
Hydrogengas forms
Oxygengas forms
ElectrodeSource ofdirect current
H2O(l) O2 (g) + 2 H2 (g)