separation of chemical mixtures dr. ron rusay fall 2004 © copyright 2004 r.j. rusay
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Separation of Chemical Mixtures
Dr. Ron Rusay
Fall 2004
© Copyright 2004 R.J. Rusay© Copyright 2004 R.J. Rusay
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Separating Mixtures• : Separates components of a mixture based upon differences in particle size. Examples: coffee grounds in filtered coffee, or particles from an air stream.
• Separation based upon differences in solubility of components in a mixture. Ideally the impurities are much more soluble in the solvent than the material being purified. Example: rock candy
• Separation based upon differences in volatility (boiling points) of components in a homogeneous mixture. Example: gasoline
Filtration:
Crystallization:
Distillation:
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Separating Mixtures
• Separation based upon differences in a compound’s solubility between two different solvents, typically immiscible liquids. Examples: ether & H2O,
• Separation based upon differences a compound’s solubility in a solvent versus a stationary phase. Examples: paper, thin layer (TLC), column, gas-liquid (GC); liquid-liquid: (HPLC), reverse phase.
Extraction:
Chromatography:
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Filtration
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Crystallization
Eg. rock candy
Recipe & conversion tool:http://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/candy/recipe-rockcandy.htmlhttp://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/convert/conversion.html
Crystals:http://crystals.llnl.gov
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Similar to oil refining: http://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining4.htm
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Oil Refining: http://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining4.htm
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Why do you think that the DEA interested in this process?
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Thin Layer / Paper Chromatography
Thin Layer: Stationary phase is coated silica or alumina
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Procedure for Column Chromatography
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Gas-Liquid ChromatographyGC at DVC