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Electron Configurations.notebook 1 Sep 254:43 PM Periodic Table of Elements

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Page 1: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

1Sep 25­4:43 PM

Periodic Table of Elements

Page 2: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

2Jul 18­11:47 AM

family or groupperiod

identify:

metalnonmetalmetaloid

lanthanide seriesactinide series

transition metal

alkali metalsalkali earth metalshalogensnoble gases

Page 3: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

3Oct 27­7:46 AM

How many "levels" are on the PT?How many

Page 4: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

4Oct 27­9:53 AM

Octet Rule ­ atoms gain or lose e­ to achieve 8 e­  in the valence shell for stability

lose e­  gain e­ 

+1+2 +3

Full valence shell= stability

4­+ ­3­2 ­10

common charges

­stability of noble gases (except He stable at 2e­)

(lower energy state)

5 val. electron or moregain to make full shell of 8

4 val. electron (could gain or lose 4 electrons, or share electrons)

3 val. electrons or lesslose all val electrons to eliminate shell and have next shell full

electron configurations show last noble gas and electrons added since that noble gas

find outer shell electron (s and p orbitals), add electrons

Page 5: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

5Sep 25­8:12 AM

Periodic Table of Elements

Page 6: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

6Jul 15­2:47 PM

Electron ConfigurationsObjective: to create a model with predictive power

What is the shape of an orbital?

How are electrons "layered" onto the nucleus?

Page 7: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

7Jul 15­2:50 PM

Objectives:

Investigate the current model of electron structure through the following objectives:

I can determine electron configurations, orbital diagrams and quantum numbers for electrons in an atom

I can apply the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule and the Pauli Exclusion Principle to electron configurations

Page 8: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

8Jul 15­2:50 PM

Quantum Theory

uses 4 numbers to describe each electron

     

angular momemtum, lmagnetic, m    spin, s

(e­ configuration)

principal, n

Page 9: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

9Jul 15­2:50 PM

principal, n

e­ Configurations

n =1,2,3,4,5,6,7energy increases with higher number

p orbitalsl =1

3 sublevels, 2 e­ each (___ total e­)

d orbitalsl =2

5 sublevels, __ e­ each (___ total e­)

7 sublevels, __ e­ each (___ total e­)

f orbitalsl =3

s orbitall =0

1 sublevel, 2 e­ each (2 total e­)

n= main energy level of e­

l = shape of orbit, (s,p,d,f)   letter  l s  0 p  1 d  2 f  3

angular momentum, l 

Page 10: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

10Jul 15­2:50 PM

n and l:

Page 11: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

11Jul 15­2:50 PM

Aufbau Chart

 Order of e­

n, energy level

l, shape

s1234567

f gdp1ss2 2p

H :e­ configurations

He :Li :

N :S:

Fe:shorthand ­ use previous noble gasFe:I :I­1 :

I­1 is isoelectric with ____

Fe

I

N S

show order that electrons are added

Page 12: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

12Jul 15­2:50 PM

Aufbau Chart

 Order of e­

n, energy level

l, shape

s1234567

f gdp1ss2 2p

H :e­ configurations

He :Li :

N :S:

Fe:shorthand ­ use previous noble gasFe:I :I­1 :

I­1 is isoelectric with ____

Fe

I

N S

Page 13: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

13Jul 15­2:50 PM

Orbital Diagrams

N has 7 p+  and 7 e­ 

N : 1s2 2s2 2p3

principalangular momentum magnetic spin

n l m smain energy level shape of orbital suborbital direction

n=1,2,3,4,5,6,7

s, l =0p, l =1d, l =2f,  l =3

s has 1 sublevelm=0

p has 3 sublevelsm=+1,0,­1

d has 5 sublevelsm=+2,+1,0,­1,­1

f has ___ sublevelsm=

s= +1/2, ­1/2

each sublevel has 2 e­, one in each direction

4 quantum numbers

N : 1s2 2s2 2p3

Hund's rule: fill each sublevel separately first

N

Page 14: Sep 254:43 PM 1 · Electron Configurations.notebook 4 Oct 279:53 AM Octet Rule  atoms gain or lose e to achieve 8 e in the valence shell for stability lose e gain e +1 +2 +3

Electron Configurations.notebook

14Jul 15­2:50 PM

Zn+2: 

orbital diagram

Zn Zn has 30 protons

Zn+2 has ___ e­

shorthandZn+2: 

quantum number for an electron

Pauli Exclusion Principle:no 2 e­ can have the same set of quantum numbers