sep. 17, 2003ktb the future gsi facility physics with antiprotons at the gsi future facility the...
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Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
• The future GSI facility
• Physics with antiprotons at the GSI future facility
• The PANDA detector
• Target options and vertex detector, triggers
• Summary and outlook
PANDA at the GSI Future Facility
Kai-Thomas Brinkmann
Sep. 17, 2003
VERTEX 2003
Low Wood, Lake Windermere
supported by BMBF
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Press Release 16/2003, http://www.bmbf.de
05.02.2003
Bulmahn gives green light for large-scale research equipment "We are securing an international top position for German basic research"
...Basic research in the natural sciences has a long tradition in Germany. Its success is inseparably linked with the use of large-scale equipment at national and international research centres. "With the new concept, basic research in Germany will start from an excellent position when entering a new decade of successful work", Minister Bulmahn said.
Together with European partners, the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt shall extend its equipment in a phased approach and become a leading European physics centre. At least 25% of the costs amounting to €675 million are to be supplied by foreign partners.
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Intensity upgrade of the existing accelerator complex
1012/s, 1.5 A GeV 238U28+
Acceleration in SIS 100
2(4)·1013/s 30 GeV protons
1010/s 238U73+ to 25 (- 35) A GeV
Storage in SIS 200
Technical prerequisitesBeam cooling
Fast-ramping superconducting magnets
Primary BeamsPrimary Beams
SIS 100/200
SIS 18
http://www-new.gsi.de/zukunftsprojekt/index_e.html
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Secondary beams
Radioactive beams from 1.5 to 2 A GeV, 104 more intensive than at present
Antiprotons from 3 (0) to 30 GeV
Storage rings, beam coolingRadioactive beams
e – A collider
1011 stored and cooled antiprotons of 0.8 to 14.5 GeV/c
Secondary BeamsSecondary Beams
HESRNESR
CR SuperFRS
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Extraction into HESR for experiments
1011 stored antiprotons0.8 to 14.5 GeVx/x ≥ 100 µm
Secondary Beams – AntiprotonsSecondary Beams – Antiprotons
L = 2·1032 cm-2s-1 p/p ≥ 10-4
L = 1·1031 cm-2s-1 p/p ≥ 10-5
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
antiPProton ANANnihilation experiment located at the new
accelerator facility at DADArmstadt ..in short: PANDAPANDA• Many open questions in non-perturbative QCD
- Charmonium spectroscopy - Hybrids - New states
• Chiral symmetry in SU(3) and SU(4)
- Hadrons in nuclear matter
• Hypernuclei: “3rd dimension of the chart of nuclides“
CP violation in the charm sector, virtual Compton scattering, baryon spectroscopy, antiproton physics at low energies ...
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Charmonium spectroscopy
Superior resolution in formation formation
Structure of Hadrons: Quark-Gluon DynamicsStructure of Hadrons: Quark-Gluon Dynamics
BallCrystalee
100 keV
pp
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
HybridsQuarks in mesons are well-localized objects connected
by gluons which can be excited (qqg, gg states)
Structure of Hadrons: Quark-Gluon DynamicsStructure of Hadrons: Quark-Gluon Dynamics
Expectation: Hybrid states better separated from fewer states in charm region
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Hadrons in nuclear matter and chiral restoration
Mesons in coldcold baryonic matter: production with antiprotons
p - beams
SIS 18
SIS 200T [MeV]
300
LHC
RHIC
SPS
Mesons in Nuclear MatterMesons in Nuclear Matter
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Mesons in Nuclear MatterMesons in Nuclear Matter
SIS: increased K- yield in nuclei through medium modification
Interpretation: effective mass in the medium differs from the free mass
FOPI, KaoS, ANKE
pionic atoms
GSI CBM and PANDA
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Hadrons in nuclei D effective mass opens strong decay channels
→ properties of (vector) mesons changed
Mesons in Nuclear MatterMesons in Nuclear Matter
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
DetectorsDetectors
C. Schwarz, GSI
Fixed-target experiment
Forward-backward asymmetry required
Solenoid + dipole
Granularity increase with decreasing scattering angle
Lower quality requirements for backward hemisphere
Access to most detectors will be possible through the upstream end of the detector (e.g. DIRC) only.
verte
x
detector
1m
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
DetectorsDetectors
PANDA, top view
PANDA, side view
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Pellet target: 1016 atoms/cm2 , pellets of 20-40 µm diameter
1 mm
L = 1031 cm-2s-1 with 5·1010 p in HESR, suited for high resolution mode, p/p ~ 10-5, with e--cooling (up to 8 GeV)
TargetsTargets
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Cluster jet target: Up to 1015 atoms/cm2
about 1 cm long in interaction region
Superfluid Helium targets: 1015 atoms/cm2, droplets, 0.5-100 µm ø with little divergence only (<0.1°)
Heavy ion targets: heavy gases, wires, and foils
L=2·1032/cm2s with 2·1011 p in HESR
(p/p ~ 10-4 with stochastic cooling)
A. Khoukaz, U Münster
TargetsTargets
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
• Panda will have to cope with an extended interaction region
• Primary vertex often unknown
• Wires and (perhaps) pellets define z with ~20 µm accuracy, displacement observable
• 107 interactions per second have to be handled and efficiently searched for events of desired shape
Targets and TriggerTargets and Trigger
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: Forward SpectrometerDetectors: Forward Spectrometer
C. Schwarz, GSI
Forward dipole:• Max. B-field 2 Tm, actual field given by beam energy
• 1 m gap
• Tracking with drift chambers
• PID with Cherenkov
• e-m calorimeter
• Hadronic calorimeter
• Muon chambers
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: e-m Calorimeter BarrelDetectors: e-m Calorimeter Barrel
material PbWO4
size of crystals 3.5 X 3.5 X 15 cm3
thickness 17 X0
energy resolution 1.54% / (E/GeV) + 0.3%
time resolution < 150 ps
no of crystals 7150
angular coverage 96% of 4π
APD readout,
fast scintillator to
handle high rate
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: DIRCDetectors: DIRC
PID (e, , , K, p):below 50 hadronic calorimeter
50<Θ<220 aerogel Cherenkov counter
or forward RICH
220<Θ<1400 DIRC (BABAR@SLAC)
Simulated DIRC response:
/ K sep.
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
DIRC provides particle ID above 700 MeV/c only,
but dynamic range of particles extends down to much lower momenta, esp. in backward direction
Time-of-flight and/or energy loss measurement required!
Add plastic barrel, use Silicon detector pulse height …
DetectorsDetectors
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: Outer TrackerDetectors: Outer Tracker
Straw tubes Alternating tilted layers • 15 double layers• 9000 tubes• Layers 2-14 are inclined with skew angles between 4-9o
• Tube length –1.5 m• Tube diameters – 4, 6, 8 mm• 20 µm aluminized mylar, anode wire 20 µm thick
• Light materials
• Self-supporting structure
• High rate capability due to single-straw readout
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: Outer TrackerDetectors: Outer Tracker
pp
Performance studies (GEANT4)
KTB Feb. 04, 2003
Transverse resolution 150 µm
Longitudinal resolution 1 mm
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: Inner VertexDetectors: Inner Vertex
Micro-vertex detectorConceptual design adopts state-of-the-art silicon sensor techniques (ATLAS/CMS/ALICE inner tracker layers)
A. Sokolov, GSI
Design features:• 5 layers forward of 90°
• Barrel and forward disk structures• Smallest possible inner radius• Fast readout
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
7.2M barrel pixels, 50 μm x 300 μm
2M forward pixels, 100 μm x 150 μm
5 layers, 200 μm thick sensors (0.25%X0)
Bump-bonded readout, 300 µm thick (0.37% X0)
Detectors: Inner VertexDetectors: Inner Vertex
forward wheels
pixels 100 µm X 150 µm
beam pipe
pelle
t pip
e
barrel
pixels 50 µm X 300 µm
ToF
total area < 0.2 m2
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Radial deviation Longitudinal dev.
tracky
x
z
µm51D µm82Z
p)GeV5.8(p
KTB April 24, 2003
Detectors: Inner VertexDetectors: Inner Vertex
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: Inner VertexDetectors: Inner Vertex
Micro-vertex detector optimisation
Minimum distance to vertex “point”
Beam pipe diameter needed for accelerator reasons, exhaust rate of targets, radiation load
Number of track points
Detector thickness (scattering, conversion)
Pixel size Extrapolation of present-day technology;
estimation of potential of technologies which are currently under development
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: Inner VertexDetectors: Inner Vertex
Micro-vertex detector optimisation
distance / mm
Change in beam pipe diameter2 cm 4 cm(may be neededfor vacuum and pumping)
p)GeV2Pc(p
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: Inner VertexDetectors: Inner Vertex
Barrel 90 staves, forward 120 staves
Thickness: staves 0.32% X0
cooling 0.4% X0
TOTAL 0.96% to 3.6% X0
Beam pipe now BeAl alloy, 500 µm
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: Inner VertexDetectors: Inner Vertex
Present round of
simulations
(A. Sokolov, GSI)
Conversion probabilities (from pp 30 at 8 GeV/c)
Beam pipe 0.9%
Vertex detector 3.1%
Straw tracker 3.5% (2% from support)
DIRC 20%
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: Inner VertexDetectors: Inner Vertex
/ deg / deg
/ m
m
/ m
m
Spatial
resolution
Layer (or disk) number
Detector Resolution [m]
Multiple scattering for different polar angles [m]
Z(R) 90o 30o 9o
1 12 (40) 70 (25) 0 0 8
2 12 (40) 70 (25) 5 14 35
3 12 (40) 70 (25) 13 38 120
4 70 (40) 12 (25) 26 68 180
5 70 (40) 12 (25) 45 132 250
Multiple scattering of µ with Pc = 1 GeV
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: Inner VertexDetectors: Inner Vertex
Modification of pixel orientation (size 50 µm x 400 µm)
1st and 3rd – 5th layers with pads to beam
2nd layer || to beam direction
Pad intrinsic resolution 12 µm x 70 µm
Mean resolution for pp4 events at 8 GeV
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: Inner VertexDetectors: Inner Vertex
(3770) D+D- K++K-+2++2-
D [mm] Z [mm]
Only longitudinal coordinate sensitive to D-mesons
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
8 GeV/c
Detectors: Inner VertexDetectors: Inner Vertex
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
other theof Capture
one ofDetection
pp
HypernucleiHypernuclei
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
Detectors: Inner VertexDetectors: Inner Vertex
Considerations on radiation hardness
Multiplicity of neutrons/protons, p+Fe, 7 GeV/c, about 10 (total particle multiplicity 30)
[UrQMD, Galoyan&Polanski hep-ph/0304196]
Neutron flux: HI targets aiming at 107 interactions/s, Mn = 10
=> Φn 106 cm-2s-1 in innermost layer (r = 1 cm)
3·1013 neutrons per year, probably less in case of Hydrogen targets
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
DAQ and TriggerDAQ and Trigger
• Self-triggered detector readout• Flash ADCs • Synchronization via distributed clock, 50 ps resolution• NO trigger signals, but FPGA-based flexible data reduction, feature extraction and filtering on the fly• High-performance computer nodes and high-bandwidth connections, Gbit Ethernet• Hardware: PC memories and FPGAs
Self-Triggered Data Push Architecture to allow parallel selection of different event types
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
SummarySummary
PANDA @ GSI will have a rich physics programme.
A broad range of physics topics will be covered with one multi-purpose detector setup.
For most of these topics, a micro-vertex detector is essential.
Studies for the detector layout are under way.Also under investigation: alternative designs, e.g. employing MAPS and/or strip detectors.
Sep. 17, 2003 KTB
U BochumU BonnU & INFN BresciaU CataniaU CracowGSI Darmstadt TU DresdenJINR Dubna I + IIU ErlangenNWU EvanstonU & INFN FerraraU FrankfurtLNF-INFN FrascatiU & INFN GenovaU GlasgowU Gießen
KVI Groningen IKP Jülich I + IIU KatowiceLANL Los AlamosU MainzTU MünchenU MünsterBINP NovosibirskU PaviaU of SilesiaU TorinoPolitechnico di TorinoU & INFN TriesteU TübingenU & TSL UppsalaÖAdW ViennaSINS Warsaw
40 Institutes (32 Locations) from 9 Countries:Austria - Germany – Italy – Netherlands – Poland
– Russia – Sweden – United Kingdom – USA