sentence structure: sentence types. a sentence... must have a subject and a verb (predicate) must...
TRANSCRIPT
Sentence Structure:Sentence Types
A Sentence...
• MUST have a subject and a verb (predicate)
• MUST have a complete thoughtAlso...• Begins with a capital letter• Ends with punctuation
Sentence Types
• Simple• Compound• Complex• Compound-Complex
Basic Elements of Every Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE
Basic Elements
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
Simple Sentence
Types of Sentence StructureSimple sentence = ONE independent clauseMay have a compound subject or compound verb, but still only one main clause and no dependent clauses; may have phrases included, but still only one independent, main clause Examples:Brian ran down the field.(1 subject and 1 verb) Hope and Kelsie talked and laughed all night.(compound subject and compound verb)
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
one subject one predicate
Simple Sentence
play tennis.Tom and Mary
Compound Subject
&
Simple Sentence
play tennis and swim.Tom and Mary
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
& &
SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject
Tom and Mary play tennis.
SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject
andcompound predicate
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
Compound Sentence
Types of Sentence StructureCompound Sentence - = A compound sentence has 2 or more parts that can stand alone (independent clauses)
Can be joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS), CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS or by a semicolon Examples:Hannah likes to read, but she likes to watch movies, too. Hunter wants to play baseball, or he might go out for golf, but he will always play football. Ryan plays the trumpet well; he practices every day of the week.
Compound Sentence
Use of Coordinating Conjunctions
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
and
Compound SentenceTom swims,
Mary plays tennis.
and
COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Comma before “and” in compound
sentences!
COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Note: Semicolon before conjunctiveadverb and comma
after conjunctive adverb!
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Conjunctive Adverbs “float”
• Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “floating” adverbs because they can be positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:AT THE BEGINNING, IN THE MIDDLE,AT THE END
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:SEMICOLON
Tom has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.
Complex Sentence
Complex Sentence = 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent clauses
• A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that can stand alone and another one that cannot
• The part that cannot stand alone is linked to the rest of the sentence by a subordinating conjunction
Complex Sentence
• Examples:• When it started to snow, the children
all cheered. • I will grade all of the tests after I
finish my lunch.
• Before he started playing in the band, Josh wondered what he would do with all of his spare time.
Complex Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
even though
Complex Sentence
Bob is popular
he is ugly.
even though
COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how,"
"if," "once," "since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until,"
"when," "where," "whether,” and while."
Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Dependent
COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent Independent
COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Compound-Complex Sentence
Compound-Complex Sentences = at least 2 independent clauses (compound) and at least 1 dependent clause (complex)
Examples:• When I realized I was wrong, I
apologized, but I still felt bad about it.
• Katie wanted a new puppy, and she asked her mom after she had cleaned her room thoroughly.
• This type of sentence has more than one
part that can stand alone, and at least one
that cannot.
• Conjunctions link the different parts of this
sentence.
Compound-Complex Sentence
Compound-Complex Sentence
Mike is popular
he is good looking,
because
he is not very happy.
but
The Four Sentence Structures
SENTENCE STRUCTURE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
DEPENDENT CLAUSES
Simple 1 0
Compound 2 or more 0
Complex 1 1 or more
Compound-Complex 2 or more 1 or more
The End