sensors jerry j. zacharias ecgr 4892 dr. james conrad
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sensors
Jerry J. ZachariasECGR 4892
Dr. James Conrad
![Page 2: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objective
• Robots in the past? Current? Future?
• Why we need sensors?
• What are sensors?
• Various Types of sensors– Strain Gauges
![Page 3: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Robots in the Past
• Used User Input• No input feedback
between the processor and an output function.
• Not very dynamic
![Page 4: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
RT-1 HERO JR
• Meet the first affordable, personal robot with a dynamic personality
• All routines are stored in 32k ROM.
• See, hear, speak, tell time and move
• light sensor, ultrasonic sonar, sound detector, speech synthesizer and an internal clock controlled using a Motorola 6808 microprocessor.
![Page 5: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Modern Robots/Machines
• Assigned critical tasks• Weak Autonomy• Introduction to bio-
sensors
![Page 6: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Future
• Involves a lot of sensor integration
• New technology/discoveries
![Page 7: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Types of sensors
• Accelerometers• Position Sensing• Range Sensing• Vision Sensing• Force Sensing
– Strain Gauges• Load Sensors• Quantum Tunneling• Pressure Sensors
![Page 8: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Strain Gauges
• Frequently used in Mechanical Research– Measure stress
generated by machinery
• Strain Gauges are smaller than a postage stamp.
• Very thin conductors (1/1000 inch diameter)
![Page 9: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Strain Gauges
• Device that changes resistance when it is stressed.
• With contact the wires stretch or compress changing their resistance proportional to the applied load.
• One or more strain gages are used in the making of a load cell.
![Page 10: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Strain Gauges
• For practical instrumentation
– Monitor resistance change with high accuracy
– Bridge measurement circuit (provides precision)
– Circuit indicates measured strain by degree of imbalance
– The imbalance is accurately read by a precision voltmeter at the bridge center.
– Analog Voltage converted and used by various embedded systems.
![Page 11: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Strain Gauge (in action)
![Page 12: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Quantum Tunneling Composite (QTC)
• New technology (Quantum Theory)
• A flexible polymer– Exhibits extraordinary electrical
properties– Perfect insulator (at
equilibrium)– Perfect conductor (when
compressed) • Can pass very high currents
(>= 10 amps)
– Polymers loaded with carbon are, at best, only partially conductive.
![Page 13: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Applications of QTC
– Very promising to revolutionize product design.
– Currently• Smart garments that can be wired directly to
electronic products such as an iPod. • Being retro-fitted, for conventional switches to
eliminate arcing and electrical noise. • Advanced membrane panel switches, speed
controllers and sensors.
– Can even sense small concentrations of organic molecules in liquid or gas form.
![Page 14: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Variations of QTC
Others: • QTC Force Sensors• QTC Textile Sensors
QTC Pill QTC Cable
QTC Switch
![Page 15: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Questions ?
Thank you!
![Page 16: Sensors Jerry J. Zacharias ECGR 4892 Dr. James Conrad](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022032313/56649e4b5503460f94b40429/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Resources
• Circuit Cellar Ink article, April issue, pp 48-51
• http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_1/chpt_9/7.html
• http://www.tep.org.uk/millennium_smart_qtc.html
• http://www.peratech.co.uk/