senior capstone guide · planning your thesis statement. what is a thesis statement? every paper...

Senior Capstone Guide Writing Your Research Paper

Index:

1. Creating a Thesis Statement a. Questions to Consider (pg. 2 ) b. Writing a Thesis Statement Model Worksheet (pg. 3 ) c. Writing a Thesis Statement Worksheet (pg. 4 ) d. Thesis Checklist (pg. 5 )

1. Making an Outline (pg. 6 )

a. Model Outline (pg. 7) b. Blank Outline (pg. 8-9 )

2. Writing an Introduction (pg. 10 )

a. Effective Hook Techniques (pg. 11 ) b. How Introductions are Structured and an Example (pg. 12 ) c. Model Outline (pg. 13-14 ) d. Blank Outline (pg. 15-16 )

3. Connecting your Body Paragraphs

a. Topic Sentences (pg: 17) b. Blank Outline (pg. 18-20 ) c. To Your Thesis Statement (pg. 21 )

4. Supportive Quotes/Details

a. APA Citation (pg. 22-23 ) b. Example Signal Phrases (pg. 24 ) c. Using Quotes as Support (pg. 25 )

5. Writing a Conclusion (pg 26 )

a. Blank Outline (pg 27 )

Creating a Thesis Statement

Your thesis statement should tell your reader what your paper is about and why it is important to know. Below are some questions to consider as you begin planning your thesis statement.

What is a thesis statement? Every paper you write should have a main point, a main idea, or central message. The argument(s) you make in your paper should reflect this main idea. The sentence that captures your position on this main idea is what we call a thesis statement. How long should a thesis statement be? Where should the thesis statement be in an essay? A thesis statement is usually one sentence long and falls at the end of the introductory paragraph. What goes into a good thesis statement? This sentence introduces the topic of your paper to the reader, shows your stance/opinion on that topic, and tells your reader why they should find this important (“So What?”)!

Ex: Americans should stop eating fast food because this diet leads to preventable and expensive health issues, physically impacting people for the rest of their lives.

Topic: Effects of fast food on Americans Stance: From my research, Americans should stop eating fast food “So What?”: This diet leads to health issues which will negatively impact them for the rest of their lives

Is your thesis statement clear? Your thesis statement needs to be as clear as possible. By being as clear as possible in your thesis statement, you will make sure that your reader understands exactly what you mean.

● Avoid vague words like “exciting , bad , interesting , difficult”. These words do not tell the reader much about your topic!

○ Ex: Society should avoid eating fast food because it is bad. ■ This statement will leave your reader wondering: What is bad

about it? Why is it bad? Why should it be avoided? ● Be specific in your word choice. Let you reader know specifically who you’re

talking about and why it is important. ○ Ex: Society should avoid eating fast food because it is bad.

■ Who in society? What fast food chains? What is bad?

Keeping these questions in mind, use the worksheet on the next page to develop your own thesis statement!

Writing A Thesis Statement (Example)

What is your research question? How does fast food physically impact a person?

What did you learn about your topic from researching it? After reading my 5 articles, I learned that people develop many health issues from eating fast food on a regular basis.

Did your research show positive or negative impacts? Negative—eating fast food harms a person's body

Using the ideas in your articles, how do know? Give Examples. In my first article, I learned that eating fast food regularly can cause diabetes due to the amount of sugar people eat. In my second article, I learned that people are 75% more likely to be obese. In my third article, I learned that those who eat fast food develop heart disease at a younger age, shortening how long they are expected to live. My fourth article, people of all ages are most likely to develop acne since there is a lot of grease in fast food. In my fifth article, fast food causes people to have more migraines due to the ingredients in the food.

What is the topic of your paper? Fast Food

What is your stance? Americans should stop eating fast food

Why should your reader know this/why is it important? Eating fast food causes many harmful long term effects on the body

My thesis statement: Americans should stop eating fast food because this diet leads to harmful health issues, physically impacting people for the rest of their lives.

Writing A Thesis Statement

What is your research question? __________________________________________________________________

What did you learn about your topic from researching it? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Did your research show positive or negative impacts? __________________________________________________________________

Using the ideas in your articles, how do know? Give Examples. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is the topic of your paper? __________________________________________________________________

What is your stance? __________________________________________________________________

Why should your reader know this/why is it important? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

My thesis statement: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thesis Statement Checklist

My thesis statement...

❏ Relates to my research question

❏ Introduces the topic of my paper to the reader

❏ Shows my stance/opinion on this topic

❏ Tells the reader why they should find this important

❏ Gives examples to the argument I am making (these examples will be

discussed in my body paragraphs)

❏ Is one or two sentences long

❏ Is in the introduction paragraph

❏ Does not state “the point of the paper is…”

Making an Outline

Have you ever started to write a paper and halfway through you feel like you are finally figuring out what you want to argue/are talking about? Outlines are an important part of writing because they help you plan ahead and avoid the scenario above. There is no correct way to write an outline, but there are some key points in your paper that you should plan and write your thoughts about. By writing an outline, it helps your paper flow better while helping you to plan what quotes you include or ideas you focus on.

❖ Write your Thesis Statement to help you refer back to the idea you will be arguing throughout your paper

❖ Introduction: how are you going to build towards introducing your thesis

statement?

❖ Body Paragraphs: Decide on your main points (There are no set number of body paragraphs (or quotes ) you have to have. It is best to work off of the main points you want to talk about)

➢ Topic Sentence: How are you going to introduce the main idea of this paragraph to your reader? How are you going to relate back to your previous paragraph to help your writing flow?

➢ Supportive Details: What quotes from your article will you use to support your main idea? What page are they on? Who is the author? How will you cite it? How will you explain these quotes to support your argument?

❖ Conclusion: How will you quickly summarize the main points you discussed

in your thesis/body paragraphs? How will you connect to your topic to a bigger idea/the real world?

Model Outline Instead of posing questions like this outline does at points, you should answer those questions in your outline to help you organize your thoughts. Notice how the body paragraphs relate back to

the thesis and build off one another.

Thesis Statement: Americans should stop eating fast food because this diet leads to harmful health issues, physically impacting people for the rest of their lives. Introduction:

● Discuss how Americans are always on the go, and oftentimes resort to fast food as their meals.

● Many Americans do not even realize how the fast food they eat are impacting their body

● Found how many Americans exhibit negative health effects from this diet ● Impacts =diabetes, obesity, heart disease, acne, migraines ● Thesis statement

Body Paragraph 1: Topic: Diabetes

● Topic Sentence : Diabetes is a major health issue caused by the ingredients in fast food, greatly influencing a person’s diet for the rest of their lives.

● Answer how fast food causes diabetes ○ Quote from article (APA Citation) ○ What this quote shows about diabetes/my thesis statement

● How diabetes is harmful to a person's health ○ How diabetes physically impacts people ○ Quote and relevance to topic

Body Paragraph 2: Topic : Obesity

● Topic Sentence : Though not a permanent health issue, obesity is an additional impact that is caused from the main ingredients in fast food.

● Answer how fast food causes obesity ○ Quote and relevance to topic

● How obesity is harmful to a person's health ETC. Conclusion: Briefly restate main points in a new way Real world connection: You should rethink the next time you go to a fast food restaurant

Outline Be sure your paragraphs relate back to your thesis and build off one another. Refer to other

sections of this Guide for help on specific aspects of the essay (Introduction, quotes, concluding paragraphs, etc.)

Thesis Statement:____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Introduction:

● Broad Idea: ● ● ●

Body Paragraph 1: Topic: ___________________

● Topic Sentence: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

● How does this topic support your thesis? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

● Supporting Quote (Author, Publication Date, Page Number): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

● How does this quote support your paragraphs main idea? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Body Paragraph 2: Topic: ___________________ ● Topic Sentence:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

● How does this topic support your thesis? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



Body Paragraph 3: Topic: ___________________

● Topic Sentence: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

● How does this topic support your thesis? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



(If more body paragraphs are needed, continue the process on another piece of paper) Conclusion: Briefly restate main points in a new way: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Real world connection: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Introduction Paragraph As a writer, your introduction paragraph is a very important part of your paper. It welcomes the reader to your topic, telling them not only what you will be writing about, but making them want

to read it. Below are the three parts of any effective introduction which are explained in more detail on the next page:

Effective Hook Techniques Take a Risk! No matter which technique you use, BE ORIGINAL. Make

the reader want to read your paper!

Begin with a question: Spark the reader’s attention by giving them something to think about.

Quotation or Statistic: Start with an interesting and engaging quote or statistic that establishes the credibility of your topic while helping to make a broad statement.

Personal Story: Readers respond to a personality, so start by sharing a brief story from your own life that relates to your topic (only two or three sentences). This creates an intimate and memorable start to your paragraph.

Anecdote: Again, tell a brief story but take it from someone else’s life. You can talk about someone in history, literature, or a famous celebrity. Whichever you chose, make sure it relates to your topic.

Metaphor: Creating your own metaphor or analogy is a wonderful way to add style to your writing. Beginning with your own comparison shows you understand your topic so well that you can speak figuratively about your ideas.

Unexpected Claim: “There are more slaves in the world today than at any point in human history”. This statement seems to be false, but it is actually true. Beginning your essay with an unexpected claim can be very effective.

Vivid Description: Paint a picture for your reader. Describe some object, character, event, or place that directly relates to your topic. If you create memorable imagery, then the reader will be able to connect to your topic.

Humor: This won’t work with every topic or every writer, but if the situation calls for humor then it can be very effective. Humor is a difficult tone to create in writing but is very possible to achieve.

Your Choice: Though this is a very long list, you can still start an introduction however you think works best. As long as it is original and memorable, then it works ☺

How Introductions are Structured

A great way to remember how to write an Introductory Paragraph is to think of an upside-down triangle.

Your writing should start broad, and work its way to a narrow and specific idea (your thesis statement).

Between this broad idea and the thesis statement, your writing will begin to narrow your reader’s focus to what you will be talking about in your thesis statement and essay.

__________________________________________________________________

Example: I will be composing an introduction paragraph around this thesis statement→ “ Americans should stop eating fast food because this diet leads to harmful health issues, physically impacting people for the rest of their lives”

(Starting Broad) In today’s society, individuals are always searching for the quickest and most efficient way to accomplish their daily tasks. (Narrowing focus from society to Americans) This idea is especially true in America, where availability and efficiency are valued. (Narrowing focus to where efficiency is seen in our lives) Fast food restaurants feed off of this quality of many Americans, advertising cheap food that is served 24/7 and can be delivered right to you in your car.(Introducing the argument that restaurants negatively impact Americans) Though these restaurants quench the thirst for immediate results, these chains negatively impact American’s in many ways. (Narrowing how fast food restaurants negatively impact American’s) The quality of food served at fast food restaurants cause countless Americans to exhibit harmful and lasting health effects from this diet. (Narrowing focus to specific negative health effects) Americans report higher rates of health issues such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease, acne, and migraines. (Thesis) Americans should stop eating fast food because this diet leads to harmful health issues, physically impacting people for the rest of their lives

Planning Your Introduction: MODEL The purpose of this is to help GUIDE your ideas as you write your

introduction. I highly recommend you go back and add more details than just what is outlined below :)

__________________________________________________________________

Thesis Statement : Americans should stop eating fast food because this diet leads to harmful health issues, physically impacting people for the rest of their lives

Start Broad

How does your thesis statement relate to the world? Many people eat fast food because of its price, availability, and efficiency.

*What does the idea you express above show about the real world? Since people eat fast food for those reasons, it shows that our society is always on the go and doesn’t want to stop.

Start Narrowing

From the question starred above, how can you begin to narrow down your ideas to your thesis statement?

1. Pick one part of your statement to focus on. How can you make that more specific for your reader?

What are you focusing on? Society

How are you going to narrow that down? Americans

Write a statement which narrows down this idea: This idea is especially true in America, where availability and efficiency are valued.

2. From the sentence you just made, how can you make that more specific for your reader?

What are you focusing on? Value of Efficiency

How are you going to narrow that down? Love for fast food

Write a statement which narrows down this idea: Fast food restaurants feed off of this quality of many Americans, advertising cheap food that is served 24/7 and can be delivered right to you in your car.

3. Once you mention the topic your thesis is about, briefly introduce your argument to the reader.

What is the topic of your thesis? Fast Food

What is your argument? Fast Food negatively impacts Americans

Write a statement which introduces this idea: Though these restaurants quench the thirst for immediate results, these chains negatively impact American’s in many ways.

4. Now that you have began to introduce your argument to the reader, how can you make this argument more specific/clear to the reader?

What are you focusing on? Fast Food and its negative impacts

How are you going to narrow that down? How they negatively impact

Write a statement which narrows down this idea: The quality of food served at fast food restaurants cause countless Americans to exhibit harmful and lasting health effects from this diet.

5. Give examples of the specific argument you introduced. These examples should relate to ideas you will be discussing in your body paragraphs!

What are you focusing on? How fast food negatively impacts health

What examples are you giving to show this? Diabetes, obesity, heart disease, acne, and migraines

Write a statement which narrows down this idea: Americans report higher rates of health issues such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease, acne, and migraines.

6. Place your thesis. Make sure it connects well to the previous sentence!

Planning Your Introduction The purpose of this is to help GUIDE your ideas as you write your

introduction. I highly recommend you go back and add more details than just what is outlined below :)

__________________________________________________________________

Thesis Statement : ___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Start Broad

How does your thesis statement relate to the world? _____________________

__________________________________________________________________

*What does the idea you express above show about the real world? _________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Start Narrowing

From the question starred above, how can you begin to narrow down your ideas to your thesis statement?

1. Pick one part of your statement to focus on. How can you make that more specific for your reader?

What are you focusing on? _______________________________________

How are you going to narrow that down? ___________________________

Write a statement which narrows down this idea: _____________________ _____________________________________________________________

2. From the sentence you just made, how can you make that more specific for your reader?



Write a statement which narrows down this idea: ______________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Once you mention the topic your thesis is about, briefly introduce your argument to the reader.

What is the topic of your thesis? ___________________________________

What is your argument? _________________________________________

Write a statement which introduces this idea: _________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Now that you have began to introduce your argument to the reader, how can you make this argument more specific/clear to the reader?



Write a statement which narrows down this idea: _____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Give examples of the specific argument you introduced. These examples should relate to ideas you will be discussing in your body paragraphs!


What examples are you giving to show this? _________________________ _____________________________________________________________

Write a statement which narrows down this idea: ______________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Place your thesis. Make sure it connects well to the previous sentence!

Connecting your Body Paragraphs: Topic Sentences

In order to write an essay that is interesting and easy to read, each of your body paragraphs need to do two things:

1. Connect back to your thesis statement and use examples to support your idea 2. Connect between paragraphs using similar ideas and topic sentences

This can be achieved with a good topic sentence . A topic sentence not only tells the reader what the upcoming paragraph is about, but also connects that idea to what was discussed in the previous paragraph.

How to relate back to your previous paragraph?

1. A topic sentence connects the main ideas of two paragraphs. Summarize the main points of these two paragraphs below:

Ex: My first paragraph about fast food and the ways it harms a person’s health focuses on diabetes. In this paragraph, I will discuss what causes diabetes, how this disease is not able to be cured, and how the excessive sugar on many fast food restaurant menus can cause this.

In my second paragraph, I will be talking about how fast food harms a person’s health by making him/her more likely to be obese. I will discuss what causes obesity, how to “cure” obesity, and how the fat, sugar, and grease in my fast food menus lead to a development of fat on the human body

2. Find a similarity or difference between the ideas/evidence in both paragraphs. Similarity= In both of my paragraphs I talk about how the ingredients in fast food menu items cause these diseases. Difference=Diabetes is incurable while people can lose weight when they are obese

3. Pick either the similarity or difference you found and use it to write your topic sentence Similarity: The processed ingredients in fast food greatly impacts the body and the way it functions, leading to additional issues such as obesity. Difference: Though not a permanent health issue like diabetes, obesity is just as harmful to a person's body.

Creating Topic Sentences Using the outline below, create topic sentences for each body paragraph that tells the reader what the paragraph is about and builds off the previous paragraph! Go through this process for each paragraph in your paper! First Body Paragraph: (Main Idea=________________)

1. A topic sentence connects the main ideas of two paragraphs. Summarize the main points of these two paragraphs below:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Find a similarity or difference between the ideas/evidence in both paragraphs. Similarity: _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Difference: _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

3. Create a topic sentence for both ideas: Similarity: _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Difference: _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

4. Pick one to use in your paragraph ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Second Body Paragraph: (Main Idea=________________) 5. A topic sentence connects the main ideas of two paragraphs. Summarize the main points

of these two paragraphs below:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Find a similarity or difference between the ideas/evidence in both paragraphs. Similarity: _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Difference: _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________



Third Body Paragraph: (Main Idea=________________) 9. A topic sentence connects the main ideas of two paragraphs. Summarize the main points

of these two paragraphs below:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10.Find a similarity or difference between the ideas/evidence in both paragraphs. Similarity: _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Difference: _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

11. Create a topic sentence for both ideas: Similarity: _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________ Difference: _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________


Fourth Body Paragraph: (Main Idea=________________)

13.A topic sentence connects the main ideas of two paragraphs. Summarize the main points of these two paragraphs below:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14.Find a similarity or difference between the ideas/evidence in both paragraphs. Similarity: _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Difference: _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________



Connecting your Body Paragraphs to Thesis Statement

A strong topic sentence is useless if you do not have a paragraph which connects to your thesis statement (the main idea of your paper). Below are a

few questions to ask yourself in order to check if your paragraph relates back to your thesis statement.

1. What is the main idea of my paragraph?

2. How does this main idea of my paragraph relate back to my thesis

statement?

3. Will this connection be clear to my reader?

4. Does my paragraph support or argue against my thesis statement?

5. Do I provide useful and relevant evidence to support the main idea of my

paragraph?

6. Do I discuss the same main idea throughout my paragraph (or does my focus

stray to discuss different ideas)?

If you had trouble answering or answered no to any of the questions above, your paragraph may not connect to your thesis statement as clearly as it

should. Start from question one to help you revise your ideas.

Proper APA Citations

For this paper, you will be citing your sources using APA formatting. Below is a guide to help you properly cite your quotes in both your paper and the works cited!

The Basics:

For any in-text citation, the author, date of publication, and page number for the source should be included!

Ex: (Jones, 1998, p. 3)

What is an in-text citation?

An in-text citation is any direct quote from an article or source you found that you will be using in your paper. It is important to cite these quotes because it gives the author credit and prevents you from accidentally plagiarizing.

Citing Your Quotes in the Paper:

First, what is a signal phrase? A signal phrase is the statement you use to introduce a quote. It is important to introduce a quote to provide context to the reader. This lets your reader know what the quote will be about, who says it, or why you think it is important.

❖ If your quotes are short (less than 40 words) then there are two ways you can cite a quote!

○ If your signal phrase includes the author's last, then your citation will look like this :

Ex: According to Jeter (2000), “Goals are the achievements along the way to get you to your dreams” (p. 4).

● If the author is not included in the signal phrase, then your citation will look like this :

Ex: It is very important to set goals early in your life: “Goals are the achievements along the way to get you to your dreams” (Jeter, 2000, p. 4).

● If you have a quote that is 40 words or longer, you need to… ○ Start the quotation on a new line ○ Indent once from the left margin ○ Indent each time the quote starts a new line ○ Keep the quote double spaced ○ Do not use quotation marks

Example :

Setting up your Works Cited: ● If you want to cite a book in APA…

○ Author's Last name, First Initial. (Year of publication). Title of work . Location: Publisher.

● If you want to cite an online article in APA… ○ Author’s Last Name, First Initial., (Date of publication). Title of

article. Title of Online Periodical , volume number(issue number if available). Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

Example Signal Phrases

As stated on the last page, it is very important for you to use signal phrases before any quote you use in your paper. Signal phrases provide context for your reader, letting him/her know important information about the quote (what it is about, who said it, how it supports your idea). Below are a few examples of signal phrases that you can use in your paper:

❖ According to Storrs, “ ...” ❖ In the words of noted psychologist Carl Jung, “…” ❖ Kanye West, Grammy award-winning songwriter and rapper, says, “…” ❖ Authors Amy Tan and Tobias Wolfe offer two unique perspectives on

growing up: “…” ❖ Smith argues that McDonalds is bad to eat everyday: “...” ❖ West emphasizes this idea, stating “...”

Strong signal phrases use verbs that make source’s position clear. Below are some verbs you can use when writing your own signal phrase: Acknowledges Admits Argues Believes Comments Confirms Declares Disputes Endorses Implies Illustrates Observes Reasons Rejects Responds Thinks Adds Agrees Asserts Claims Compares Contends Denies Emphasizes Grants Insists Notes Points out Refutes Reports Suggests Writes

Using Quotes as Support

Write your quote below using a signal phrase and correct APA citation (need to include author's last name, publication date, and page number): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What does this quote mean? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What is the main idea of the paragraph this quote is in? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How does this quote support this main idea? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Why is this quote important? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Use your answers to these questions in your paragraph to help your reader see the importance and meaning behind each of the quotes you’ve used.

Writing a Conclusion

Strategies for an Effective Conclusion:

1. The “So What” Game: After restating your thesis, ask yourself “So what?” or “why should anyone care”. Think about that questions and answer it, helping you to connect to a deeper and broader meaning.

2. What can the Reader Do: Propose a course of action, a solution to an issue, or questions that this paper made you think of to the reader

Writing Your Conclusion Restate your thesis: What were the main points of your thesis statement? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How can you reword your thesis statement while still discussing those key points? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Supporting Sentences: What were the main points you discussed in each of your paragraphs? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How did you use quotes, explanations, and your own opinion to expand on these ideas? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Closing Ideas: What do you hope your reader learned from your paper? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How can your reader impact the world with what they learned? __________________________________________________________________

senior capstone guide · planning your thesis statement. what is a thesis statement? every paper...

Documents