Seminar Towards Safe And Healthy Working Culture

Johor Skills Development Centre (PUSPATRI)17 July 2009

Hotel Selesa, Pasir Gudang

By: Mohd Shahriwan Idris

Pengendalian Bahan Kimia Berbahaya

Person At Work

• Mechanical

• Electrical

• Ergonomic

• Noise

• Heat

• Pressure

• Height

• Hazardous chemicals/gaseous/dust

• Odor/Mist/Vapor

• Bacteria/Virus

• SARS/Aids/Bloodborne

Pathogen/Influenza

• Sexual harrestment

• Work pressure

• Family

• Drug/alcohol

Legal requirement pertaining to hazardous chemicals to health in Malaysia:

Factories And Machinery Act 1967

Environmental Quality Act 1974

Petroleum (Safety Measures) Act 1984

Occupational Safety And Health Act 1994

Philosophy And Principles

Control Of Industrial Major Accident Hazard Regulations

1996

Classification, Packaging & Labeling Regulations

1997

Use & Standards Of Exposure Of Chemicals Hazardous To Health

Regulations 2000

Guidelines

Control of hazardous chemicals Labeling of hazardous chemicals Monitoring of airborne contaminants CHRA Classification of hazardous chemicals Medical surveillance MSDS formulation Preparation chemical register PPE against chemical hazards HIRARC

OSHA 1994

Chemicals Hazardous To Health

Listed in Schedule I of the Occupational Safety And Health (Use And Standards Of Exposure Of Chemicals Hazardous To Health) Regulations 2000;

Possesses any of the properties categorized in part B of Schedule I of the Occupational Safety And Health (Classification, Packaging And Labeling) Regulations 1997;

Comes within the definition of “pesticides” under the Pesticides Act 1974;

Is listed in the First Schedule of the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005

Principles Of Health Risk Control

st Principle

All hazards can be control in some manner and to some degree

nd Principle

There are usually many alternate methods of control

rd Principle

Some methods are better than others

th Principle

Some situations will require more than one control method to obtain optimum results

1

2

3

4

Practicable

Have been used on Regulation 14 with respect to the reduction of exposure to the lowest practicable level. The practicability depends on four factorsfour factors as follows:

The severity of the hazards or risk in questions

The state of knowledge about the hazard or risk and any way of removing or mitigating the hazard or risk

The availability and suitability of ways to remove or mitigate the hazard or risk; and

The cost of removing or mitigating the hazard or risk

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

Reg. 6 (I) Part III of USECHH 2000

Employer to ensure exposure to person to any chemicals hazardous to health listed in Schedule I at no time exceed the ceiling limit.

How to measure exposure limit is exceeded or not ?

PEL – ceiling limit or an eight-hour time-weighted average airborne concentration or maximum exposure limit.

Monitoring – PEL or MEL

PEL do not represent safe level. Keep the level of exposure as low as practicable.

Control Measures Under Reg. 15

Elimination Of Hazard / Risk

Work activity/process involve use of a hazardous chemicals that is not essential, eliminate wherever practicable.

Using a physical process rather than a chemical process to clean an object, eg. Ultrasonic cleaning;

Using clips, clamps or bolts instead of an adhesive;

Purchasing supplies of materials in already cut and sized form rather than carrying out dust producing cutting process on site.

1.

SubstitutionSubstitute of materials

Replacing a chlorinated degreasing solvent with detergent;

Using a water based paint in place of an organic solvent based paint;

Using a chemical in paste or pallet form rather than a dusty powder;

Using a lead free solder paste rather than a lead based solder.

Substitute of process or equipment

Brush application of paint rather than aerosol application;

Dipping in a paint bath rather than spray painting.

2.

Control Measures Under Reg. 15

IsolationRemoving the source of hazard exposure from workers by:

Placing the source in another location

Enclosing or shielding the source with physical barrier

Automating the process in a closed system or separation by distance or the use of barrier to prevent exposure;

Removal and storage of materials in a separate location.

Tank farms separated from the process area

Automated process are used in chemical processing and petroleum refining

Heat barriers and soundproof enclosures

Removal of worker to a control room that is separate from the processing plant/area.

3.

Examples of application:

Control Measures Under Reg. 15

Engineering Control

Plant, process or equipment that minimize the generation of hazardous substances, suppress or contain hazardous substances or limit the area of contamination in the event of spill or leak.

Ventilated booth for spray painting

Robot welding

LEV attached to grinding machines

Automation of the removal of objects from degreasing baths

Closed reaction vessels

4.

Control Measures Under Reg. 15

Form Of Safe Work Of System

LEVConcept – remove contaminants at source

Design- Approved by P.E. - Built according to design specifications - Tested by P.E.

Capture VelocityThe velocity that that is necessary to control the contaminant at the farthest distance from the hood. Determined by:

- Velocity & direction - Quantity of contaminants - Secondary air current - Toxicity - Size of exhaust hood - Escape point

Test, Inspect, Examination & Maintenance

- By Hygiene Tech. - Defined intervals not more than 12 months

Record Keeping- Kept by employer - Inspected at appropriate intervals by employer which shall not be longer than one month

Safe Work System And Practices

Is a formal work procedures in order to identify all hazards, eliminate it and minimized risks.

It integrates men, machineries and materials.

Documented hazard precautions – use in OJT.

General duties of employer under Section 15 of OSHA 1994.

5.

Control Measures Under Reg. 15

Steps To Safe System Of

Work

Component of safe system of work – People, Machinery, Plant, Equipment, Materials, Environment & Place Of Work

Identify the hazards

Define safe methodsImplement the

system

Monitor the system

Assess the risk

- What is used? - Who does what? - Where the task carried out? - How the task is done?

- JSA / HIRARC - Inspection/audit - Procedures - Reports - Records - Feedback

- Consider preparation & authorization at the start of the job - Ensure clear planning of job sequence - Specify safe work method - Include mean of access & escape if relevant - Consider the task of dismantling, disposal at the end of the job

- Periodic check - System OK - Carried effectively - Changes require alteration

Control Measures Under Reg. 15

Form Of Safe Work Of System

PTWPTW

LOTOLOTO

Safe Operating ProceduresSafe Operating Procedures

Rules & ProceduresRules & Procedures

VerbalVerbal

Define the work How to make it safe Identify hazard Precaution taken Describes checking method Identify Responsibilities

- Confined space - Hot work - Working at height - Electrical work

Locking off means machines is put to a safe condition by a person (s) about to make adjustment or perform certain maintenance function

Written system detailing step by step instruction on how to perform a task safely

HIGH RISKHIGH RISK

LOW RISKLOW RISK

Personal Protective Equipment6. Most of employers choice.

Very simple – settle most of the hazard/risk.

Cheap

Did not eliminate hazard/risk.

Use with other control measures.

Control Measures Under Reg. 15

Control Of Carcinogens

What is Carcinogen?

Chemical substances which have been identified as suspected or established carcinogens or substances associated with industrial processes which have been identified under Schedule II, Regulation 27(2) and classified as carcinogens in CLP Regulations 1997.

How To Control Exposure To Carcinogen?

Total enclosure

Minimize & control spills, leaks, dust, fumes & vapors at plant or process

Limit quantities at place of work

Minimized person exposure

Prohibit eating, drinking and smoking at carcinogenic area

Hygiene measures – washing facilities & regular cleaning of walls

Warning signs on carcinogenic areas

Safe storage, handling & disposal – closed and clearly labeled containers

Other Control Measures

Monitoring

Legal Requirement

Procedure

Record

General

- Use valid & suitable techniques. - Quantitative estimation of exposure. - Results compared to exposure

standard. - Approved method of analysis. - Determine the effectiveness of control measure.

- CHRA by an approved Assessor. - Monitoring exposure done by a

Hygiene Technician. - Monitoring chemicals under Schedule

II – interval not more than 6 month. - Maintain record of monitoring for at

least 30 years.

- When & how monitoring to be done.

- Sampling procedure & analytical method.

- Frequency. - How results to be interpreted.

- Kept in any form. - Readily retrievable & understood. - Can be compared with any health records required under the health surveillance requirements.

Occupational Medical Surveillance

Any examination and investigations to detect exposure levels and early biological effects and responses, and includes biological monitoring, biological effect monitoring, medical surveillance, enquires about symptoms of occupational poisoning or occupational disease and review of records and occupational history.

Monitoring of a person for the purpose of identifying changes in health status due to occupational exposure to chemicals hazardous to health.

- Periodic medical examination- Biological monitoring and biological

effect monitoring- Health effects monitoring- Investigation of occupational disease and poisoning including workplace

inspections- Notification of occupational disease and

poisoning- Assist in disability assessment- Return to work examination after medical

removal protection.- Record keeping and monitoring

Health Surveillance

Medical Surveillance

Component Of Medical Surveillance

Information, Instruction And Training

Nature & degree of risk to health – substance involved & factors that may increase the risk

Control measures adopted – reason, how to use properly

Reason for PPE & clothing – what job necessary

Monitoring procedures – arrangement for access to results and notification if a maximum exposure limits exceeded

Health surveillance – duty to attend, arrangement for access to individual health records and the collective results of health surveillance.

Records – documented

Review – at least once in 2 years, changes in hazard / chemicals & assigned a new task/area.

Labeling And Re-labeling

Labeling

Easy identification by product name during handling.

According to CPL Regulations 1997 & Guidelines on the Labeling Of Hazardous Chemical 1998

Re-labeling

When the labels are removed, defaced, modified or altered while the chemical hazardous to health is being used.

Chemical is transferred to another container other than the original container.

Re-labeling requirement depend on whether the substance is consumed immediately or over a longer period of time.

If used within a normal shift – label with the chemical name of trade name as per the original label. The container need not to be re-labeled if the chemical is used immediately.

Container containing pesticides & scheduled wastes – shall be re-labeled in accordance with the requirements of each relevant legal requirement.

Access To CSDS – Keep At Place For

Easy Access

Safe Handling Of Hazardous Chemicals

Hard Copy Or Soft Copy

Latest Revision

Copies Readily Available For

Reference/Training

Chemical Safety Data Sheet (CSDS)

Warning Signs

• Posted at every entrance

• Other relevant information are given – likely to be at risk

• Illuminated & cleaned – readily visible

Features Of Warning Signs:

- Give warning of the hazard

- Both language

- Attract attention

Standard Specifications:

- MS 980

- MS 981

- MS 982

- MS 983

1. Menghidu (Inhalation)

2. Penyerapan Melalui Kulit (Skin Absorption) – Mata Atau Kulit

3. Tertelan (Ingestion)

4. Cara Lain?

Method Of Exposure

How Can Chemical Hazardous To Health Enters A Human Body?

Health Effect Of Chemicals Hazardous To Health

Acute Effect) Chronic/Long Term Effect Reversible Effect Irreversible Effect

Factors Influence Toxicity Hazardous Chemical

• Route of exposure• Type of chemical• Physicochemical

properties• Duration of exposure• Concentration of exposure• Effects of chemicals

interaction

• Age• Sex• Allergies• Genetic make-up• Immunological status• Nutritional status• Concurrent disease

Chemicals Human