Seminar onSUMMER TRAININGfromBSNL

BY:- Pankaj Kumar Tiwari

CONTENTS•Introduction to BSNL•Overview of telecommunication network•Overview of broadband access technology•3-G communication•Over view of optical fiber communication•Summary

Introduction to BSNL

•BSNL is an Indian state-owned telecommunications company.

• It was incorporated on 15 September 2000.•It is India’s largest and oldest

communication service provider.• Before 2000 ,it was known as Department of telecommunication (DoT). •BSNL is at 5th position as an operator with

Market share of 9%.

Overview of telecommunication Network• The telephone is a telecommunication device that is

used to transmit and receive electronically or digitally encoded speech between two or more people.

• Telecommunication network carry information signals among entities.

• The communication switching system enables the universal connectivity

• The telecommunication links and switching are mainly designed for voice communication.

• In telephone system the frequency it passes are restricted to between 300 to3400Hz.

Switching system fundamentals• Telecommunication switching system generally

perform three basic function.• They transmit signals over the connection or

over separate channels to convey the identity of the called address.

• They establish connection through a switching network for conversational use during the call.

• They process the signal information to control and supervise the establishment and disconnection of the switching network connection.

• evolution of electronic switching system

Manual

Step by step

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Crossbar switch

SPC ,analog switching

SPC, digital switching

Broadband

Broadband (optical)

Year

Overview of Broadband technology

Introduction •A concept of broadband services and the

means of access technologies to bridge the customer and service provider is emerged out through out the world .

•Broadband refers to high speed internet access.

•The rapid growth of distributed business application , e-commerce generate the demand for bandwidth and access network.

Definition of Broadband • Broadband is the nonspecific term for high speed

digital internet access. There are the various ways to define the broadband.

• Term for evolving digital technologies that provide customers a high speed data network connection.

• The federal communication commission defines broadband as an advanced telecommunication capability.

• Delivers service & facilities with an upstream and downstream speed range varies from 128Kbps to 100Mbps.

Need of Broadband•Professional activities•Entertainment activities•Consumer activities

Technology options for Broadband services•Communication of data throughput is

feasible by fallowing technologies:-•Narrow band 2.4 kbps -

128kbps•Broadband 256kbps-

8000kbps•LAN 1000kbps-

100Mbps

Broadband communication technology can be divided in to following•Wireline technology•A) optical fiber technologies•B) cable TV network

•Wireless technology•A) 3G mobile•B) Wi-Fi•C) wimax•D) satellite media

3G communication

Introduction•3G is the next generation of wireless

network technology that provides high speed bandwidth to handheld device.

•3G wireless network support the following maximum data transfer rates.

•2.05Mbits/sec to stationary device.•384Kbits/sec for slow moving device.•128Kbits/sec for fast moving device.

Charecterstics•Always on connectivity. 3G network use

IP connectivity.•Multimedia service with streaming audio

and video.•Instant messaging with audio and video

clips.•Fast download of large files.

Advantage of 3G •More bandwidth.•Security.•Reliability.•Fixed and variable data rates.•Always online device.•Rich multimedia.

Disadvantage •Costly•Content provisioning to make service

popular.•More high power requirement.

•Application•Business application•Multi media services•Gaming industry

Overview of optical fibre communication

•An optical fibre ( or fiber ) is a glass or plastic fibre that carries light along it’s length.

•It has two main component layers: Core & Cladding.

•Light is kept in the “core” of optical fibre.•Cladding is for the protection of fibre.

Optical Fibre Construction•Core: Thin Glass Center of the fibre where light travels.•Cladding: Outer OpticalMaterial surrounding theCore.•Buffer Coating: PlasticCoating that protects theFibre.

Material Used• The “Core” , & the lower refractive index

“Cladding” , are typically made of high quality silica glass, though they can be both made of plastic as well.

Fiber Optic Layers.•Consists of three concentric sections.

Plastic jacket Glass or plastic

claddingFibre core

Mode Of PropagationTwo main categories that are used in FibreOptic Communications are:

•Single mode Optical Fibre

•Multi- Mode Optical Fibre

Single Mode Fibres•Single-mode fibers – used to transmit one signal per

fiber (used in telephone and cable TV). They have small cores(9 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from laser.

Multi-mode Fibres•Multi-mode fibers – used to transmit

many signals per fiber (used in computer networks). They have larger cores(62.5 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from LED.

Fibre Optic Cable• Single-mode Fibre:Carries light pulsesalong single path.

• Multi-mode Fibre:Many pulses of lightGenerated by LEDAt different angles.

Fiber Optic Communication•It is a method of transmitting information

from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber.

•The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information.

Block Diagram of OFC

Advantages of Optical fibre•Thinner than other tubes.•Less expensive•High Carrying Capacity.•Provides a very large Bandwidth•Less signal distortion•Non- flammable•Light Weight

Fibre Optic Disadvantages•Expensive over short distance.•Very high Installation charges& demands high skills.•Adding additional nodes is difficult.

Areas Of Application•Telecommunication•Local Area Networks•Cable TV•CCTV•Optical Fibre Sensors

Summary•So we can say that our daily routine is

dependent on the communication technique like that 3G, Broad band & optical fibre etc.

Thank You