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Self-‐Reported Sleep is Associated with Risk Evalua8on in Older Adults
C.G. Genesio1, K.L. Seaman1, D.V. Howard2, J.H. Howard, Jr.123 1Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC; 2Department of Psychology, Georgetown
University, Washington, DC; 3Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
IntroducEon: • Prior research has demonstrated that older adults suffer from a decline in sleep quality,1 and
that changes in risk-‐taking from aging may be due to age-‐related learning deficits.2 • However, plenEful sleep has a beneficial effect on learning3 and risky decision-‐making in
adolescents.4 • Sleep’s effect on learning may be preserved in older adults amidst the detrimental effects of aging.
• In this study, we examined the relaEonship between sleep and performance on a task in risky decision-‐making, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) 5 in older adults. • The BART has been previously shown to validly measure risk-‐taking.
Results: • Sleep correlated with parEcipants’ mean adjusted number of pumps (block 2, block 3, and overall), number of explosions, and with parEcipants’ total points acquired. • ParEcipants with more sleep pumped the balloon more oYen on each trial. • More sleep associated with higher success in the task.
Gender 36 male (73.72), 60 female (71.28) Age 72.20 (8.37) Self-‐Reported Health 4.13 (0.67) Sleep Mode 2 (5-‐6 hrs.) Digit Symbol Forward 10.62 (2.23) Digit Symbol Backward 7.18 (2.28) Digit Symbol Coding 59.60 (15.16) Digit Symbol Pairing 9.740 (4.82) Digit Symbol Free Recall 6.938 (1.46) NAART 10.88 (7.36)£ £n=93
BART Variable M (SD)
Total Points 6450.32 (2194.15)£
Explosions 8.15 (4.05)
Adjusted Number of Pumps 37.28 (17.18)
Adjusted Number of Pumps – Block 1 33.28 (17.71)
Adjusted Number of Pumps – Block 2 35.00 (18.20)
Adjusted Number of Pumps – Block 3 37.99 (20.61)
£n=94
vv
Methods: Balloon Analogue Risk Task5 • ParEcipants were instructed to either pump a balloon on the screen or collect points earned for each trial. • Gained 10 points for each pump. • OpEmal number of pumps was 64. • Three blocks of ten trials each = thirty trials total. • Calculated average adjusted number of pumps for each of three blocks. Sleep Measure • Self-‐reported Likert-‐type scale: <5hrs. 5-‐6hrs. 6-‐7hrs. 7-‐8hrs. 8-‐9hrs. 9hrs.>
References: 1Feinberg, I., Koresko, R.L., & Heller, N. (1967). EEG sleep palerns as a funcEon of normal and pathological aging in man. Journal
of Psychiatric Research, 5(2), 107-‐144. doi: 10.1016/0022-‐3956(67)90027-‐1 2 Mata, R., Josef, A.K., Samanez-‐Larkin, G.R., & Hertwig, R. (2011). Age differences in risky choice: A meta-‐analysis.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1235, 18-‐29. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-‐6632.2011.06200.x 3Walker, M.P., & SEckgold, R. (2004). Sleep-‐dependent learning and memory consolidaEon. Neuron, 44, 121-‐133. doi: 10.1016/
j.neuron.2004.08.031 4O’Brien, E.M., & Mindell, J.A. (2005). Sleep and risk-‐taking behavior in adolescents. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 3(3), 113-‐133. doi:
10.1207/s15402010bsm0303_1 5Lejuez, C.W., Read, J.P., Kahler, C.W., Richards, J.B., Ramsey, S.E., Stuart, G.L., Strong, D.R., & Brown, R.A. (2002). EvaluaEon of a
behavioral measure of risk: The balloon analogue risk task (BART). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 8(2), 75-‐84. doi: 10.1037//1076-‐898X.8.2.75
Acknowledgements: S.A. Kiser, K.M. O’Neil, & the CogniEve Aging Lab.
Discussion: • Older adults with more sleep learned and pumped the balloon more oYen. • Results consistent with studies showing the impact of learning on risk-‐taking2 and sleep’s effect on learning.3 • Suggested sleep’s effect on learning was preserved in aging and induced riskier decision-‐making in a risk
measurement. • PracEce effects from early task blocks augmented risky decision-‐making. • Future studies should examine sleep’s effect on learning in older adults using another risk-‐taking measurement,
such as the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT).
67th Annual ScienEfic MeeEng of the Gerontological Society of America November 5-‐9, 2014, Washington, D.C. Email: [email protected]
Research Supported by NIA Grant RO1 AG036863 Abstract ID: 1981619
< 5 5-‐6 6-‐7 7-‐8 8-‐9
Sleep (hrs.)
Block 3
< 5 5-‐6 6-‐7 7-‐8 8-‐9 Sleep (hrs.)
Block 2
• Significant correlaEon for sleep with adjusted number of pumps in block 2 and in block 3 for older adults, but not in block 1. • Suggests sleep-‐induced learning occurred over Eme.
< 5 5-‐6 6-‐7 7-‐8 8-‐9 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Average Ad
justed
Num
ber o
f Pum
ps
Sleep (hrs.)
Block 1
< 5 5-‐6 6-‐7 7-‐8 8-‐9 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Average Ad
justed
Num
ber o
f Pum
ps
Sleep (hrs.)
Overall
• Sleep correlated with overall average adjusted number of pumps. • Suggests learning occurred with sleep.
r(94)=.230, p=.024
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Overall Adjusted Pumps
Total Points
Explosions Block 1 Block 2 Block 3
r Value
BART Variable
Correla8ons with Sleep
r(94)=.210, p=.040 r(94)=.285, p=.005