self-mode-locking investigation of high-power optically pumped semiconductor laser advisor: yung fu...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Self-Mode-Locking Investigation of High-Power Optically Pumped Semiconductor Laser Advisor: Yung Fu Chen Student: Yi Chun Lee Date: 2010/07/09 Solid-State](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649d895503460f94a6eee3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Self-Mode-Locking Investigation of High-Power Optically Pumped Semiconductor Laser
Advisor: Yung Fu Chen
Student: Yi Chun Lee
Date: 2010/07/09
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
NCTU Electrophysics
Y.C. Lee
高功率光激發式半導體雷射之自鎖模研究
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Outline1. Introduction 1.1 Background and Motivation
1.2 OPSL V.S DPSSL
1.3 OPSL Technology
2. OPSL Experimental Results 2.1 OPSL Parameter Optimized
2.2 Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
2.3 Theoretical Simulation
3. Summary and Future Work
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
![Page 3: Self-Mode-Locking Investigation of High-Power Optically Pumped Semiconductor Laser Advisor: Yung Fu Chen Student: Yi Chun Lee Date: 2010/07/09 Solid-State](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062715/56649d895503460f94a6eee3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Flashlamp Pumped Double Frequency Nd:YAG Laser ~532nm
• Flashlamp Pumped Nd:YAG Laser ~1064nm
• Diode Pumped Double Frequency Nd:YVO4 Laser ~532nm
• Diode Pumped Double Frequency Nd:YAG Laser ~561nm
• Optical Pumped Semiconductor Laser ~577nm
• Diode Laser ~810nm
閉角型青光眼之小梁成型術
視網膜剝離、眼底止血
青光眼治療、眼底光凝結手術
白內障手術眼底黃斑部病變
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
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Applications for OPSL
• Medical Field• Life Science and Research• Forensics• Graphic Arts and Display
Optically Pumped Semiconductor Laser
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
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60fs
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
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Polarizer
Cr4+
Crystal
Output Coupler
Flash Lamp
1064 nm
Reflector Mirror
Reflector
Reflector
Nd:YAG Rod
2 ns/div
Flash lamp pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser
Strange Phenomenon in Time DomainStrange Phenomenon in Time DomainNCTU
Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
Tr
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Fiber-coupled LD @976 nm
HR @ 1030~1100 nm
FP filter
HT@976 nmHR@1030~1100 nm
Laser output
Yb doped double-clad fiber PM; clad/core: Dia. 250/30 μm (3m) NA >0.46 /<0.06
cavity
R~4%
3x50 QWs
Diode pumped passively Q-switched Yb-doped fiber laser
10 ns/div
Strange Phenomenon in Time DomainStrange Phenomenon in Time DomainNCTU
Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
Tr
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100 ns/div 1 ns/div 2 ns/divTr Tr
Cw-pumped diffusion-bonded Nd:YVO4 laser
Cavity length : 19 cm
Cavity length : 45 cm
Nd:YVO4 Crystal
Output Coupler
Coupling Lens
Diode Pumped Diffusion-Bonded Nd:YVO4 LaserDiode Pumped Diffusion-Bonded Nd:YVO4 Laser808nm Laser Diode
Strange Phenomenon in Time DomainStrange Phenomenon in Time DomainNCTU
Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
1064nm
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Self-Mode-Locked Nd:YVO4 Laser Self-Mode-Locked Nd:YVO4 Laser
200 ps/div
Stable CW mode locking and short pulse width
Wavelength (nm)
1064.2 1064.3 1064.4 1064.5 1064.6
Inte
nsit
y (a
.u.)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Delay time (ps)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
0
50
100
150
200
500 ns/div(a)
(b) 500 ps/div
(c) pulse width ~ 23 ps
39 ps
(d)
Wavelength (nm)
1064.2 1064.3 1064.4 1064.5 1064.6
Inte
nsit
y (a
.u.)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Delay time (ps)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
0
50
100
150
200
500 ns/div(a) 500 ns/div(a)
(b) 500 ps/div(b) 500 ps/div
(c) pulse width ~ 23 ps
39 ps
(d)
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
Output coupler
Fiber coupled LD
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DPSSL – Diode Pumped Solid State Laser 二極體激發式固態雷射 OPSL – Optically Pumped Semiconductor Laser 光激發式半導體雷射
In 1980s, the progress in the growth technology of semiconductor
heterostructures developed the high-power diode laser pumped
with a solid gain medium is so called diode-pumped solid-state
(DPSS) lasers.
In 1997, M. Kuznetsov, F.Hakimi and A. Mooradian demonstrated
the first optically-pumped semiconductor laser (OPSL).
OPSL V.S DPSSL
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
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△Ec
△Ev
Eg Eg well
barrier
The Mechanism of Stimulated Emission - Four-Level System in Solid-State Laser and Semiconductor Laser
OPSL V.S DPSSL
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
Y.C. Lee
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OPSL
Optically Pumped Semiconductor Laser
Diode Pumped Solid State Laser
DPSSLV.S
OPSL V.S DPSSL
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
Y.C. Lee
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• Semiconductor as Gain Medium - Substrate - Quantum Well - Bragg Mirror
OPSL Technology
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
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GaAs substrate based
InP substrate based
AlGaAs (800-870nm)
InGaAs (870-1150nm)
GaInNAs (1.1-1.5μm)
Wavelength > 1.3μm
OPSL Technology
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
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SubstrateMulti-layer mirrors (DBRs)
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
Laser optical standing wave
Surface barrier
Cap layer
Pumping absorbing region
λ /2
Quantum wells
Ene
rgy
Semiconductor air
SubstrateMulti-layer mirrors (DBRs)
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
Laser optical standing wave
Surface barrier
Cap layer
Pumping absorbing region
λ /2
Quantum wells
Ene
rgy
Semiconductor air
Fig4.1.2 Bandgap diagram and operation principle of the OP-VECSEL
SubstrateMulti-layer mirrors (DBRs)
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
Laser optical standing wave
Surface barrier
Cap layer
Pumping absorbing region
λ /2
Quantum wells
Ene
rgy
Semiconductor air
SubstrateMulti-layer mirrors (DBRs)
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100.5
1
1.5
2
2.52.5
0.5
1 sin x( ) 2
101 x
Laser optical standing wave
Surface barrier
Cap layer
Pumping absorbing region
λ /2
Quantum wells
Ene
rgy
Semiconductor air
Fig4.1.2 Bandgap diagram and operation principle of the OP-VECSEL
Substrate
Active region
Cap layer
x
…..
…..
30 periods
2
• The Length of Quantum Well would be designed as 1/2 laser wavelength
• Laser Wavelength would slightly shifted according to quantum well design.
OPSL Technology
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
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Outline1. Introduction 1.1 Background and Motivation
1.2 OPSL V.S DPSSL
1.3 OPSL Technology
2. OPSL Experimental Results 2.1 OPSL Parameter Optimized
2.2 Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
2.3 Theoretical Simulation
3. Summary and Future Work
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
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Cavity Length
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
OPSL Optimized
Pumping Source
Semiconductor Gain Medium
Y.C. Lee
1060 nm
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OPSL Optimized
OPSL Optimized by using
• Different Radius of Output Coupler
• Cavity Length
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
Focusing lens
Semiconductor Gain Medium Output
Coupler
Laser Diode
1060 nm
High speed photo-detector
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Pumped Current (A)
10 15 20 25 30
Ave
rage
Out
put P
ower
(W
)
0
2
4
6
8
Cavity Length 30mm
Cavity Length 50mm
Pumped Current (A)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Ave
rage
Out
put P
ower
(W
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Cavity Length 25 mmCavity Length 50 mmCavity Length 100 mm
Pumped Current (A)
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Ave
rage
Out
put P
ower
(W
)
0
2
4
6
8
Cavity Length 50 mmCavity Length 25 mm
ROC = 50mmCavity Length = 30mm, Max Power ~7.4WCavity Length ~ 50mm, Max Power ~7.03W
ROC = 250mmCavity Length = 25mm, Max Power ~7.8WCavity Length = 50mm, Max Power ~8.0WCavity Length = 100mm, Max Power ~ 7.8WROC = 2000mm
Cavity Length = 25mm, Max Power ~6.8WCavity Length = 50mm, Max Power ~6.7W
ROC = 250mmCavity Length = 50mm, Max Power ~8.0W
• Different Radius of OC and Cavity Length.OPSL Optimized
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
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Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
Mode-Lock Optimized
5ns/div
Power Optimized
5ns/div
NCTU Electrophysics
Focusing lens
Semiconductor Gain Medium Output
Coupler
Laser Diode
1060 nm
Digital oscilloscope
High speed photo-detector
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Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
Pump power (W)
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Ave
rage
Out
put P
ower
(W
)
0
2
4
6
8
IP Curve of Mode Locking for 25cm Cavity LengthIP Curve of Power Optimized for 25cm Cavity Length
Wavelength (nm)
1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064
Inte
nsit
y (a
.u.)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4Specturm of Mode-Locking Spectrum of Power Optimized
ROC = 250mmCavity Length ~ 250mm
NCTU Electrophysics
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5ns/div5ns/div
Power Optimized Mode-Lock Optimized
Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
ROC = 250mmCavity Length ~ 250mm
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
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Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
ROC = 250mmCavity Length = 187mm
Pump power (W)
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Ave
rage
Out
put P
ower
(W
)
0
2
4
6
8
IP Curve of Mode Lock Optimized for 18.75cm(3:1) Cavity LengthIP Curve of PowerOptimized for 18.75cm(3:1) Cavity Length
Wavelength (nm)
1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4Specturm of Mode-Locking Spectrum of Power Optimized
NCTU Electrophysics
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5ns/div5ns/div
Power Optimized Mode-Lock Optimized
Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
ROC = 250mmCavity Length = 187mm
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
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Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
Pump Power (W)
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Ave
rage
Out
put P
ower
(W
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
IP Curve of Mode Lock Optimized for 12.5cm(4:1) Cavity LengthIP Curve of Power Optimized for 12.5cm(4:1) Cavity Length
ROC = 250mmCavity Length = 125mm
Wavelength (nm)
1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064
Inte
nsit
y (a
.u.)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4Spectrum of Mode-Locking Spectrum of Power Optimized
NCTU Electrophysics
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2ns/div
Power Optimized Mode-Lock Optimized
Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
ROC = 250mmCavity Length = 125mm
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
2ns/div
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Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
ROC = 250mmCavity Length = 86mm
Pump power (W)
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Ave
rage
Out
put P
ower
(W
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
IP Curve of Mode Lock Optimized for 8.6cm(5:1) Cavity LengthIP Curve of Power Optimized for 8.6cm(5:1) Cavity Length
Wavelength (nm)
1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4Specturm of Mode-Locking Spectrum of Power Optimized
NCTU Electrophysics
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2ns/div2ns/div
Power Optimized Mode-Lock Optimized
Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
ROC = 250mmCavity Length = 86mm
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
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Pump Power (W)
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Ave
rage
Out
put P
ower
(W
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7Mode Lock Optimized for 12.5cm(4:1) Cavity LengthPower Optimized for 12.5cm(4:1) Cavity LengthFundamental Mode for 12.5cm(4:1) Cavity Length
Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
ROC = 250mmCavity Length = 125mm
NCTU Electrophysics
Power Optimized
2ns/div
2ns/div
Mode-Lock Optimized
2ns/div
Fundamental Mode
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
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Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
• Scan the Beating to determine the distribution of high-order mode.
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
Focusing lens
Semiconductor Gain Medium Output
Coupler
Laser Diode
1060 nm
Digital oscilloscope
High speed photo-detector
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8
9
10
11
2ns/div1
2ns/div8
2ns/div4
2ns/div7
2ns/div62ns/div11
2ns/div3
Y.C. Lee
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1.6 3.2 4.8. 6.4. 8.0.
-75
-35
-45
-55
-65
Frequency (GHz)
Spec
tral
pow
er d
ensi
ty
(dB
m)
Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
Longitudinal Frequency
Transverse Frequency
11 21
TR
cos g gf
T
1ii
Lg
R
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Fundamental Mode
High-Order Mode
1 4 7
8
11
Detected Point
3 6
High-Order Mode
Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
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R
lnmqq
lck cav
cav
nmqnmq 1cos
1)( 1
0,,
,,
q 0 表示縱向模態的指標, lcav 代表有效的共振腔長, R 為曲率半徑。
Rnmq
nmq z
znmi
ctzikzR
yxik
nmz
yx
nmnmq eeez
yH
z
xHe
znmtzyxE
1
,,
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22
tan)1()()(2
)(
)(
)(
0,, )(
2
)(
2
)(! !2
1),,,(
1
0,,, ),,,(),,,(
M
qnmq
Mnm tzyxEtzyxE
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
Theoretical Simulation
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NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
),,,(10
3),,,(
2
1),,,(),,,( 0,11,00,0, tzyxEtzyxEtzyxEtzyxE MMMM
nm
Y.C. Lee
Theoretical Simulation
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NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
Theoretical Simulation
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2ns/div1
2ns/div3 3 2ns/div
2ns/div1
2ns/div22 2ns/div
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Experimental Results Theoretical Simulation
Y.C. Lee
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2ns/div7 2ns/div7
2ns/div62ns/div6
5 2ns/div
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
2ns/div4 2ns/div4
Y.C. Lee
5 2ns/div
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9 2ns/div9 2ns/div
10 2ns/div10 2ns/div
2ns/div11 11 2ns/div
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
2ns/div8 8 2ns/div
Y.C. Lee
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8
9
10
11
2ns/div1
2ns/div8
2ns/div4
2ns/div7
2ns/div62ns/div11
2ns/div3
2ns/div1
2ns/div73 2ns/div
11 2ns/div 2ns/div6
2ns/div4
8 2ns/div
Y.C. Lee
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Outline1. Introduction 1.1 Background and Motivation
1.2 OPSL V.S DPSSL
1.3 OPSL Technology
2. OPSL Experimental Results 2.1 OPSL Parameter Optimized
2.2 Spontaneous Mode-Locking of OPSL
2.3 Theoretical Simulation
3. Summary and Future Work
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Summary
OPSL also discovered the spontaneous mode-locking phenomenon.
The beating of the mode-locking output pulse trains are observed of transverse modes coupling.
Theoretical simulation is matched to experimental results.5ns/div 5ns/div
NCTU Electrophysics
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0/1 1/1
1/2
2/31/3
1/4 3/42/5 3/5
1/5 2/7 3/8 3/7 4/7 5/8 5/7 4/6
1/6 2/9 3/11 3/10 4/11 5/13 5/12 4/9
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Farey Tree
Y.C. Lee
Future Work
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1:3
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
Future Work
Y.C. Lee
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1:4
2ns/div
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
Future Work
Y.C. Lee
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2:5
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
Future Work
Y.C. Lee
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5:12
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
Future Work
Y.C. Lee
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5ns/div
7:17
12:29
NCTU Electrophysics
Solid-State Laser Physics Lab.
Future Work
Y.C. Lee
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Focusing lens
Semiconductor Gain Medium Output
Coupler
Laser Diode
1060 nm
Digital oscilloscope
High speed photo-detector
SESAM
Future Work
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Solid-State Laser Physics Lab. Y.C. Lee
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Thanks for your attention!
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