SELENIUMTest Automation and much more!

TEST AUTOMATION TODAY

Web UI Test AutomationSelenium, Watir, PhantomJS, CasperJS, Sahi, QTP, SauceLabs

Native Desktop UI AutomationAutoIt, Sikuli, QTP, TestComplete

Mobile App Test AutomationMonkeyTalk, Calabash, Selendroid, Appium, EggPlant

Performance Test AutomationJMeter, Load Runner, NeoLoad, HttPerf

SAY HELLO TO SELENIUM!Who am I?

A set of open source tools to interact with browser application in an automated way.

What are my tools?

Selenium IDE, Selenium 1 (RC), Selenium 2 (WebDriver)

Who are my creators?

Selenium 1 - Jason Huggins, Selenium 2 - Simon Stewart

SELENIUM ROCKS! SAY HOW?

Limitless possibilities of using Selenium

Possible interesting uses:Test Automation, ofcourse!

Web data scrapingPerforming CRUDs on a webpage repetitively (Bulk data

creation from the UI)As a content downloader!

Automated reply to Facebook posts?

HOW WAS SELENIUM EARLIER??

Called as Selenium RC (Remote Control), had a server whichlaunches, stops and interacts with the browser.Selenium Commands from code -> RC Server -> Javascriptcommands to browserClient libraries used HTTP GET / POST to interact with theselenium serverSelenium Server used Selenium Core which was a set of JSprograms that were injected into the browser for executing thecommands sent.Client libraries were in Python, Ruby, Java, .NET, PHP, Perl

SELENIUM RC ARCHITECTURE

WHY EVERYBODY MOVING TOSELENIUM 2???

Problems with Selenium RC

Explicitly start the server

No good organized API

Used Javascript Injection

Slower execution

No new enhancements. Deprecation!!

Same origin policy problem

WEBDRIVER

Binds natively to the browser. No Javascript injection in browser's JS Sandbox

Better object oriented API

Bindings for Java, Python, C#, Ruby, Perl, Php, JS

Significantly fewer calls than Selenium RC

Variants: ChromeDriver, FireFoxDriver, InternetExplorerDriver, OperaDriver, AndroidDriver,

IPhoneDriver, HtmlUnitDriver

Overcomes same origin policy problem

Self-contained library. No server to start explicitly.

WEBDRIVER ARCHITECTURE

LEARNING THESE WILL MAKE USINGSELENIUM EASIER!

HTML, CSS and Javascript from

and Codeacademy HTMLDog

THE DOM!!

Cross-platform, language-independent convention for representing and interacting with

objects in HTML, XHTML and XML documents.

HTML is structured according to DOM and DOM of the webpage is accessed by Selenium

THE C# SELENIUM NAMESPACE

DRIVING THE DRIVER

Interface - IWebDriver; Implements - ISearchContext, IDisposable Functionality - Controls the browser, Finds elements, Helps in debuggingUsage - Creating instance of a flavor of webdriver class that implements this interfaceCommonly used methods - FindElement, FindElements, Manage, Navigate, Quit, CloseCommonly used properties - Title, URL

WEBELEMENT

Interface - IWebElement; Implements - ISearchContextFunctionality - Provides methods to identify and interact with DOMelements on web page. Instance of it represents a HTML element.

Usage: Created using FindElement / FindElements method on driverinstance or another webelement object.

Commonly used methods: Click, SendKeys, Clear, Submit,GetAttribute, GetCssValue

Commonly used properties: Displayed, Text, Enabled, Selected,TagName

ELEMENT LOCATINGUse By class to locate elements

By class provides following static member methods:

CssSelector

ClassName

Id

XPath

TagName

LinkText

PartialLinkText

Name

Subclass the By class to build your own locating mechanism. Eg: ByIdOrName

LOCATING BY ID

Id is the King!W3C standards state Ids should be unique.

Independent from the type of element.Developers usually give ids to elements which contain dynamic

elements. Benefit!If your developer doesn't add ids, convince him to do so!

LOCATING BY CSS / XPATH SELECTORS

css prefered over xpath.xpath engines different for different browsers.xpath tend to become complex and difficult to read.xpath useful when you want to fetch parent element orfind element by text.

USEFUL LINKS FOR XPATH AND CSSSELECTORS

Xpath to Css Cheat Sheet

Elemental Selenium Blog on performance benchmarks forCSS and XPATH selectors

A stackoverflow post

"A good way to start a CSS or Xpath locator is to start with anelement that you know is not likely to change much and use itas an ‘anchor’ in your locator. It may have an ID or stable location

but not be the element you need to locate but is a reliable position tosearch from. Your anchoring element can be above or below the

current element in the HTML tree, but most often it’s above."

How do I find the <li> ??

INDEX AND DESCENDANT LOCATORS

Index locatorsnth-child(), nth-of-type()

Use when finding element in a list, by indexNth-child example: p:nth-child(2)

Nth-of-type: p:nth-of-type(2)

Descendant LocatorsUse when finding direct child elements of parentCSS example: div > div > ul > li > span

Xpath example: //div/div/ul/li/span

COMPONENT OBJECT PATTERNCreate a single class for interacting with a widget/complex

control present frequently on different pages of the website

YOU NEED TO WAIT FOR MR. AJAX!

AJAX (Asynchronous Javascript & XML)

Dynamic content rendered and updated with the help ofAJAX and Javascript

This calls for the need to test dynamic UI which has timeuncertainty

WebDriver handles this using Implict and Explict waiting mechanism

Link: WebDriver Wait Commands

COMMON EXCEPTIONS

ElementNotVisibleException : Use Javascript to make element visible

IllegalLocatorException: when By.className() is used with a compound class name.NoSuchElementException: Use waits OR verify your locator

StaleElementReferenceException: Happens if a DOM operation happening on the page is

temporarily causing the element to be inaccessible.

public boolean retryFindClick(By by) { boolean result = false; int attempts = 0; while(attempts < 2) { try { driver.findElement(by).click(); result = true; break; } catch(StaleElementException e) { } attempts++; } return result;

IJAVASCRIPTEXECUTOR

Used to execute javascript on webpage.

Can be used for finding elements

Performing actions like click or selecting control

Syntax:

IJavaScriptExecutor jsExec = (IJavaScriptExecutor)_driver;

_searchTextField = (IWebElement)jsExec.ExecuteScript("return document.getElementById('txtSearch')"

_searchTextField.SendKeys(searchString);