SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Horace Alexander, Kashmir, (London, s.d.). Sadiq Ali & Madhu Limaye, Report on Kashmir, (Bombay 1954). All Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, New Kashmir, (Lahore 1944). P. N. K. Barnzai, A History of Kashmir, (Delhi 1962). Prem Nath Bazaz, Inside Kashmir, (Srinagar 1941). Prem Nath Bazaz, The History of Struggle for Freedom in Kashmir, (Debli 1954). Prem Nath Bazaz, Kashmir Problem Reconsidered, (New Delhi 1962). Prem Nath Bazaz, Shape of Things in Kashmir, (New Delhi 1956). Dr. Francis Bernier, Bernier's Travels, Particular Events or The most considerable

passages after the war for years or thereabout, in the empire of the Great Mogol, (Calcutta 1665).

Lord Birdwood, Two Nations and Kashmir, (London 1956). Michael Brecher, The Struggle for Kashmir, (New York 1953). Maurice Cohen, Thunder over Kashmir, (Bombay 1955). J. D. Cunningham, A History of the Sikhs, (Delhi 1955). J. B. Das Gupta, Indo-Pakistan Relations, 1947-1955, (Amsterdam 1958). William Digby, Condemned Unheard, (London 1890). Frederic Drew, Jummoo and Kashmir territories, (London 1875). James P. Fergusan, Kashmir: An historical introduction, (London 1961). M. W. Fisher, L. E. Rose and R. A. Huttenback, Himalayan Battleground, Sino­

Indian Rivalry in Ladakh, (New York 1963). George Forster, A journey from Bengal to England through the Northern part of

India, Kashniir, Afghanistan and Persia and into Russia by the Caspian Sea, (London 1798).

Pearson Gervis, This is Kashmir, (London 1954). Sisir Gupta, Kashmir, A Study in Indo-Pakistan Relations, (Bombay 1966). Sir Maurice Gwyer & A. Appadorai, Speeches and Documents on the Indian Consti­

tution - two volumes, (London 1957). M. Hafizullah, Toward Azad Kashmir, (Lahore 1948). Information Service of India, Kashmir, 1947-1956, Excerpts from Prime Minister

Nehru's Speeches, (New Delhi, June 1956). Jammu & Kashmir Constituent Assembly, Opening Address by the Horrble Seikh

Mohammad Abdullah, (Srinagar, 3 November 1951). Jan Sangh, Integrate Kashmir: Mookherjee - Nehru & Abdullah Correspondence,

(Delhi 1965). Alan Campbell Johnson, Mission with Mountbatten, (London 1951). G. L. Kaul, Kashmir Through the Ages, (Srinagar 1963). M. M. R. Khan, The United Nations & Kashmir, (Djakarta 1955).

416 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Josef Korbel, Danger in Kashmir, (Princeton 1954). P. L. Lakhanpal, Essential Documents and Notes on Kashmir Dispute, (Delhi 1965). Alastair Lamb, Crisis in Kashrrlir, (London 1966). Sir W. R. Lawrence, The India We Served, (London 1928). Balraj Madhok, Kashmir, Center of New Alignments, (New Delhi 1963). Meher Chand Mahajan., Accession of Kashmir to India: The Inside Story, (Sholapur

1950). Meher Cband Mahajan, Looking Back, The Autobiography of Meher Chand Ma-

hajan, (Bombay 1963). V. P. Menon, The Story of the Integration: of the Indian States, (Calcutta 1956). V. P. Menon, The Transfer of Power in India, (Calcutta 1957). Speeches of Earl Mountbatten of Bunna, Time only to look forward, (London 1949). A. G. Noorani, The Kashmir Question, (Bombay 1964). K. M. Panikkar, Gutab Singh, Founder of Kashmir, (London 1930). P. T. Piotrow, Kashmir Conflict, (Washington 1958). Mridula Sarabhai, Sheikh Sadiq Corresponiknce, (August to October 1965, INew

Delhi s.d.!). La! Bahadur Shastri, Wheli Freedom 'is Menaced, (Speeches, August 13 - September

26, 1965, lDelhi 1965/). Aslam Siddiqi, Pakistan Seeks Security, (Lahore 1960). Vincent A. Smith, Oxford History of India, (Oxford 1958). W. C. Smith, Modern Islam in India, (London 1946). Ghulam Muhy'd Din Sufi, Kashir being a history of Kashmir, from the earliest times

to our own, (Lahore 1948). Nafisur Rahaman Sufi, Kashmir's Bid for Freedom, (Muzaffarabad 1956, IPubli­

cation of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Government, 1956/). Henry D'Oyley Torrens, Travels in Ladakh, Tartary and Kashmir, (London 1863). Godfrey Tbomas Vigne, Travels in Kashmir, Ladak, Iskardo ,the countries adjoining

the mountain course of the Indus, and the Himalayan, north of the Punjab, (London 1842).

William Moorcroft & Trebeek George, Travels in the Himalayan Provinces of Hindustan and the Punjab; in Ladakh and Kashmir, in Peshawar, Kabul, Kunduz and Bokhara from 1819 to 1825, (London 1841).

Sir Francis Younghusband, Kashmir, (London 1909). Government of India: Publications Division, Pakistan's New Attempt to Grab

Kashmir, (Delhi 1965). Publications Division, Harvest of Glory, (Delhi 1965). Publications Division, M. C. Chagla: Kashmir, 1947-1965, (Delhi 1965). Ministry of External Affairs, Documents regarding Kashmir, (New Delhi 1949). Ministry of External Affairs, Kashmir Papers: Dr. Graham's First and Second Re-

ports, (New Delhi 1952). Ministry of External Affairs, Kashmir and the United Nations, (New Delhi 1962). Ministry of External Affairs, Aggression in Kashmir, (New Delhi 1963). White Paper, Kashmir (Meetings and Correspondence between the Prime Ministers

of India and Pakistan - July 1953 - October 1954 INew Delhi 1954/). White Paper, On Jammu and Kashmir, (New Delhi 1948). Government of Pakistan: Ministry of External Affairs, Speech delivered to the

Security Council by Mr. Zul/ikar Ali Bhutto, (Karachi 1964). Ministry of Kashmir Affairs, Negotiations between the Prime Ministers of Pakistan

and India regarding the Kashmir dispute, June 1953 - September 1954, (Karachi 1954).

Aziz A.hmcd, The Kashmir Dispute, (Karachi 1959). Liaquat Ali Khan, Kashmir and Inter-Dominion Relations; Statement of the Prime

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 417

Minister in the Dominion Parliament on 19 January 1950, (Karachi 1950). Mohammad Ali, Aspiring Speech at the All Parties Conference on Kashmir, 1955,

(Karachi 1955). M. Zafrulla Khan, The Kashmir Dispute, (Karachi 1950).

INDEX

Abbas, see Chaudhri, Ghulam Abbas Abbas, Maulvi, 377 Abdalli, Ahmad Shah, 19,29 Abdullah, Safdar, 192, 193 Abdullah, Sheikh Mohammad, 96, 102, 156,

160, 165, 185, 195, 206, 210, 227, 230, 232, 233, 235, 239, 248, 365, 380

appraisals of, 72, 109, 209 arrest and release of, (1938) 61; (1946) 70,

86,87,91,94;(1953)181,262,263,270, 271, 320, 324, 344, 345; (1958) 264, 265, 270; (1964) 310, 311, 320-322, 329; (1965) 335, 336

and Bakshi, 262-265, 320-336 and Congress Party, 69, 70, 72 and Constituent Assembly, 68, 168, 169,

186,202,203 denounces Constitution, 226 exit of, 207, 208 explains Delhi Agreement, 198-200 founds National Conference, 61 and freedom movement, 56, 59, 71, 84, 126 frees Abbas, 234 Governments of, 188, 193, 200, 201 headed Interim Government, 99, 104, 106,

110, 129, 130, 184 inaugural speech, 68, 201 andJinnah,66 and Liaquat, 109, 111 and Muslim Conference, 60, 61, 65 and Nehru, 64, 70, lOS, 109, 197, 207, 264,

322, 324-326, 334 political views of, 190-209 passim, 263, 264,

322-336 programmes (federal) of, 204, 205 and Reading Room party, 54, 55 seeks Chinese help, 335 and Treaty of Amritsar, 23, 71 and United Nations, 251, 317 views of, on accession, 100, 101, 103, 194,

196-198, 207, 263, 264, 322-336 Abdullah, Tariq, 365

Abell, George, 86, 89 Accession, instrument of, 76, 77, 79, 99, 100,

145, 146, 187, 198, 290, 314 Action Committee, 328, 329 Adams, Paul D., 294 Afghans and Afghanistan, 15, 18, 19, 25 Afzal Beg, see Beg, Mirza Afzal Aga Shaukat, see Ali, Aga Shaukat Ahmad, Sayyid, of Bareilly, 40 Ahmed,lChunUrld,88,97 AIbak, Qutb-ud-din, 2 Ajatasatru, 1 Akali Dal, 270 Jlkbar, 2, 15, 19, 52 Jlkbar, Sufi Muhammed, 311 Ali, Aga Shaukat, 71, 235 Ali, Jlkbar, 383 Ali, Asaf, 70 Ali, Cbaudhuri Sultan, 246 Ali, Mohammed (Prime Minister, Foreign

Minister, Pakistan), 180, 181, 183,217-221, 239, 281, 292, 297, 303

Ali, Sheikh Karamat of Jaunpur, 40 A1igarh Muslim University, 40, 54, 193 All-India Congress Committee, see Indian

National Congress All-India Kashmir Muslim Conference, The,

54, 56 All-India Muslim League, see Muslim League All-India States People's Conference, 63, 64,

68 All-Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference,

55,59-61,190-191 communalism of the would-be leaders of,

55,56,60 "National Demand" of, 61 and "Responsible Government" day, 60 transformed into National Conference, 61,

191, 193 see also All-Jammu and Kashmir National

Conference All-Jammu and Kashmir National Confer­

ence, 61-72 passim, 85, 122, 127, 165,

INDEX 419

168, 169, 188, 191-194, 196, 229, 230, 324,380

and Indian National Congress, 62-64, 66, 72,77,96

merged with Democratic National Confer­ence,268-270

merged with Indian National Congress, 306-307, 332, 333, 335

"National Demand" of, 61, 62 "New Kashmir" manifesto of, 66-68 Quit Kashmir movement of, 69 revived, 379 rift in ranks of, 228 secular ideology, 55, 60, 65 working Committee of, 206, 207 see also All-Jammu and Kashmir Muslim

Conference Amritsar, 20, 89

riots in, 51 treaty of, 17,22,23,26,69, 107

text of, 387-388 Andrabi, Pir, 239 Anglo-Oriental College, 40

see also Aligarh Muslim University Anwar, see Gilkar, Ghulam Nabi Asadullah, Mir, 270 Ashahi, G. A., 57 Ashraf, K. M., 192 Asian Relations Conference, First (1947), 214 Asoka the Great, 1,2, 18, 52 Assam, 46, 47, 49, 51 Attlee, Clement R., 74, 75, 82, 100, 104, 106,

109, 112, 151, 164, 166 Auchinleck, Claude, 105 Aurangzeb,2, 15, 17,28 Austin, Warren, 131 Avantivarman,18 Awami Action Committee, 329, 330, 332, 333,

376,377, 380 Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan), 243, 322,

343, 344, 350, 365, 373, 375, 376 and China, 277, 278, 281, 296, 298, 300, 301, 316, 334, 339, 364, 376

coup d'etat (1958), 267 and Indira Gandhi, 376, 383-384 and negotiated settlement, 277, 278, 279,

282, 283, 287, 293, 296, 298, 302-306, 326,327, 368-371, 374-375, 383

and Nehru, 267, 268, 277-279, 282, 283, 296, 298, 326, 327

on 1965 confrontation, 347, 348, 354-361 pressure on Western Powers, 296-297, 301,

307 and Shastri, 337, 338, 347, 348, 361, 367-

371 visits U.S.A., 282, 375

Ayyangar, N. Gopalaswami, 59, 66,126-128, 130, 131, 196

Ayyangar, N. Rajagapola, 332 Ayyangar Commission, 332, 379

Azad, Harbans Singh, 308, 310, 378 Azad Kashmir, 94, 114, 125, 174, 180, 187,

210, 218, 219, 231-248, 286, 287, 304, 314, 324, 325, 342-344

administration and government of, 158, 159, 231-248, 342

and Canal Waters dispute, 138-140 demilitarization and forces of, 112-115,

143-148,152-157, 172-180 passim, 354 organization of, 94, 97 origin of, 94, 233 and Pakistan, 140-142, 231-248 and the tribal raids, 110, 123, 124

Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam, 37, 68, 207 Aziz, Mir Abdul, 235, 236

Babur,2 Baker, Noel, 131 Baghdad Pact, 217, 221, 223, 224 Bakshi, Ghulam Mohammed, 60, 244, 262,

263, 266, 308 and Abdullah, 101,207,208,262-265, 328,

331 in Cabinet of Abdullah, 188, 207 farewell speech (1963), 306, 307 and Muslim Conference, 60, 61 and National Conference, 71, 207, 210, 268,

269, 330-333, 379-381 as Prime Minister, 192, 193, 209, 228, 230,

270, 309, 320, 321 views of, on accession, 183, 206, 213, 218,

306,307 Ball, George, 300 Baltistan, 16, 22, 23, 115, 160, 231 Baluchistan, British, 35,41,46 Bande, Mohammed Din, 382 Bandhu, Kashyap, 264 Banerjee, Sir Albion, 58 Banihal Tunnel, 262 Baroda, 4 Batra, Mr., 100 Bazaz, Prem Nath, 57, 59, 61, 84,96,234 Bedi, B. P. L., 192 Bedi, Freda, 192 Beg, Mirza Afza1, 61, 68, 188, 193, 197, 206-

208, 226-228, 265, 270, 271, 311, 324, 326, 329-335

Beg, Mirza Ahmed, 235 Beg, G. M., 227, 228 Bengal, 3, 35,45,46,49, 50

partition of, 34, 35, 51 Berard,Armand,290 Besant, Annie, 36 Bhagat,5 Bhagat, Chhajju Ram, 270 Bhat, Ghulam Mohammed, 380 Bhave, Acharya Vinoba, 325 Bhutto, ZuJfikar Ali, 247, 280, 301-304, 309,

313, 315-317, 322, 335, 337, 339, 345, 363-366, 368, 374-376

420 INDEX

Bimbisara, 1 Birdwood, Christopher Bromhead, Lord, 89,

97, 98, 140, 141, 193 Black, Eugene, 287 Boundary Commission, 51, 88

award of, 88, 89, 120, 124 Bowles, Chester, 317 Brahmins and Brahminism, 14, 15, 18 British Cabinet Mission, 38, 46-49,

72-76 British India, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 35

democratic struggle in, 34-52 Buddhists and Buddhism, 13--16, 18,203-204 Bulganin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich, 221, 222 Bunche, Ralph, 352, 353 Burma, 45, 120 Butler Committee Report, 9, 10

Cabinet Mission, see British Cabinet Mission Calcutta, 34

Congress (1906), 37 talks in (1963), 303

Canal Waters dispute, see Azad Kashmir, and Canal Waters dispute; Pakistan, and the Canal Waters dispute

Canning, Cbarles John, Lord, 6 Cariappa, K. M., General, 140 Castes, 14 ChagIa, M. C., 314, 317, 318, 323, 363 Chamber of Princes, 6-8, 73, 79

see also Council of Princes; Princes, Indian Chand, Mokam, 21 Chandragupta, 2 Cbatterjee, N. C., 197 Cbaudhri, Abdul Karim, 239 Chaudhri, Abdullah Khan BhaIli, 234 Chaudhri, Ghulam Abbas, 56, 57, 60, 62, 65,

66, 70, 71, 91, 94, 126, 160, 232-243 passim, 248, 327, 335

arrested, 60, 61, 241 Chaudri, Mobammad Ali (Secretary-General,

Prime Minister, Pakistan), 107, 110, 164,221,222,224

Cbaudhri,RahmatAli,41 Cbaudhury, J. N., 350, 351, 373, 374 Chavan, Y. B., 294, 295, 345, 346, 348, 351,

360,368 Chelmsford, Lord (Frederic John Napier), 6,

7 Chen Yi, 316, 335, 339, 356, 376 China, mainland, 192,215,244-246,272-275,

281,290 border clashes, 120,268,271,273,274,278 intervention in Kashmir, 286-319, 327 and Ladakh, 17,23,268,276,294,336 ultimatum to India, 357-359, 361, 363 United States views of, 300, 338, 339 see also Sino-Indian relations; Sino-Pakistan

relations; Sino-Soviet relations China, nationalist, 117,215,290

Chou En-lai, 275, 276, 284, 316, 334-336, 339, 376

Civil disobedience movement, India, 45 Clive, Robert, 3 Colvin, E. J. D., 58~ Commonwealth Prime Ministers conferences,

164-167, 236, 282, 327, 337 Communal Award (1932), 42 Communalism, 38-52, 58~, 62, 190-191,

205, 262, 263 and Abdullah, 194-196,202,332,333 defined, 38 development of, 38-52 upheavals of, 50, 85, 88, 89, 122, 126, 127,

153, 195, 233, 302, 311, 312, 313 see also Kashmir, civil disobedience move­

ment in Communism and Communists, 191-195,202,

204, 208, 216, 249, 272, 273, 274, 380 see also China, mainland; Sino-Indian re­

lations; Sino-Pakistan relations; Sino­Soviet relations

Council of Princes, 7, 8 see also Cbamber of Princes; Princes, Indian

Crimean war, 24 Cripps, Stafford, Sir, 45, 65, 75, 76 Cripps proposal, 45, 76 Cuban crisis, 312 Cunningham, Alexander, 24 Curzon, George Nathaniel, Lord, 28

Dalai Lama, 275, 276 Dalhousie, Lord, (James Andrew Brown), 3, 5 Dardistan, 16 Das, Dewan Lachman, 27 Daud, Mohammed, 246 Dayal, Rajeshwar, 293 Dean, Sir Patrick, 290, 314, 315, 318 de Beus, J. G., 362 Delhi, 34

agreement (1952), 198-200 Democratic National Conference, 229

merged with National Conference, 268-270 Democratic struggle

in India, 34-52 in Kashmir, 52-72

Deo, Brijlal, 20 Deo, Raja Drov, 20 Deo, Raja Ranjit, 20 Devers, Jacob, 174 Devers plan, 174 Dbanwantri, 194 Dhar, D. P., 192, 193, 229, 230, 269, 270, 308,

310, 377, 378, 382 Distressed Debtors' Relief Act (1950), 190 Dixon, Sir Pierson, 252, 258 Dixon Plan (Sir Owen Dixon), 151, 156-163,

165, 167, 168, 171, 178,206 Dogra,G. L., 188, 192-194,206-209,225,230,

269,270, 308, 310, 328, 382

INDEX 421

Dogra, Prem Nath, 195, 202 Dogra Rajputs, 14, 15 Dogras, 13-14,20--35, 52-72, 82-85,94, 186,

191, 194, 195, 231 Drew, Frederic, 24, 31 Dulcha, see Khan, Zulquadar Dulles, John Foster, 205, 216, 222 Durand line, 95 Durrand, H. M., 27 Dutt, Trilochan, 310, 378, 379 Dutt, Vishnu, 322

East India Company, I, 3-5, 10, 34, 64, 76 Eisenhower, Dwight David, 216, 217 Ellenborough, Lord, (Edward Law, Jr.), 5 Faisal, H. M. King Malik Faisal ibn Abdel

Aziz,335 Faridkot, 124 Farook, Maulvi Mohammed, 329, 376 Farook group, 329-330, 332-333 Faruque, Ghulam, 343, 368 Fedorenko, Nikolai Timofeevich, 318, 362 French influence, 4

Galbraith, John Kenneth, 303 Gandhi, Indira, 376 Gandhi, Mahatma, 37,45,48,52,55,70,86,

87,89, 101, 102 Gauhar, Altaf, 369 Ghazi, A. R., 230 Ghori, Muhammad, 39 Ghosh, Ajoy, 267 Ghulam Abbas, see Chaudhri, Ghulam Abbas Giasuddin (Ghiyasuddin, Gyasuddin), Pir,

308, 310, 378 Gilgit, 16, 27, 58, 59, 113, 114, 160, 204

conquest of, 22, 23, 25 merger with Jammu and Kashmir, 25 rebellion in, 25, 113-114

Gilgit Agency, 58, 113, 115, 160, 231 Gilgit Wazarat, 58, 160 Gilkar, Ghulam Nabi, 233, 246 Glancy, B. J.; see Kashmir, Constitutional

Reforms Commission (1932); Kashmir, Grievances Enquiry Commission

Goa, 222, 241 military operation in, 283, 285, 293

Goldberg, Arthur, 365 Gonanda dynasty, 18 Gonga Ram, 68 Goni, Abdul Gani, 227, 382 Gore-Booth, Sir Paul, 303 Government of India Act (1919), 36, 37, 40 Government of India Act (1935), 36, 42, 44,

62,64,77 Gracey, Sir Douglas, 105, 137, 140 Graham, Frank P., 256, 257, 287, 288

Indian position on, 179 as mediator, 167-180 First Report by, 171-173

Second Report by, 173-175 Third Report by, 176 Fourth Report by, 177-178 Fifth Report by, 178-180 Pakistan position on, 179-180 Proposals of 1958, 258-261

Great Britain, British Indian Government, 44, 45, 49, 52, 55, 57-59, 69, 72-75, 113, 294, 327, 341, 358, 359, 362

interest of, in Kashmir, 23-28 plan of, to quit India, 46-52, 69, 82, 83 power of, in India, 1, 3-11, 22, 34, 63 see also British Cabinet Mission; United

Nations, Kashmir issue in Great Revolt of 1857 (Sepoy Mutiny), 5, 24,

39 Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich, 368, 369, 370 Gujjars,14 Gurkhas, 53 Gurmani, Nawab Mushta Ahmad, 237 Gwalior,4

Habibullah, Hakim, 228 Hamdani, G. M., 227 Hamid, Mohammed Abdul, 239 Hardinge, Charles, Lord, 6 Harijan MandaI, 229, 270 Harijans,14 Harriman, Averell, 244, 294, 297, 301 Harsha (Indian King), 2 Harsha (Kashmir Ruler), 18, 19 Hastings, Francis R. (1st Marquess), 3, 4 Hastings, Warren, 3 Hazaratbal theft, see Holy relic episode Hindu-Islamic synthesis, 15 Hindu Maha Sabha, 203 Hinduism and Hindus, 2, 18, 39, 40, 50, 61,

70,93,203 number of, 13, 35, 38 refugees, 52, 83

Hindustan (Indian) Constituent Assembly, 78 Holy relic episode, 308, 309-313, 321, 328,

329,377 Home-Rule movement, 36 Hull, Richard, Sir, 294 Hunja Nagar, 16, 115, 231 Huns, 18 Hussain, Akhtar, 282 Hussain, Arshed, 325 Hussain, Malik Akhtar, 344 Hussain, Nur, 238 Hyderabad, 4, 8, 75, 79, 81

Ibrahim, Mr., see Khan, Sardar Mohammed Ibrahim

India, 1-11,40,44,45,51,63, 64 Communist Party and accession issue, 267 Dominion status of, 44, 51 elections in, 43, 45, 69, 269

422 INDEX

federal scheme proposed, 36, 37 foreign policy of, 117-121, 208, 213-224,

249,313 Gupta empire in, 18 Indian Union, 77, 89, 191 position on Rann of Kutch, 341 and the Princes' states, 74, 75, 76 reaction to Abdullah's Ranbirsinghpura

speech,197 reaction to Sino-Pakistan agreement, 300 relations with Soviet Russia, 193, 221, 222,

285, 295, 372, 373, 384 unity of, favoured, 1-2, 11, 37, 48, 49, 58,

68, 74-77, 79 unity of, opposed, 40--52, 77-79 and the United Nations (1948), 116-121 and the United States, 215-216, 280, 294-

298, 305, 358 views of, on Kashmir's accession, 102-112,

121-123, 129-130, 135, 144-146, 155-156, 170, 185-187, 220--221, 223-224, 250--251, 265, 289-290, 314, 332, 335, 339, 360--361, 375, 376

views of, on the Northern Areas,149, 150 see also Krishna Menon, V. K.; Nehru,

Pandit Jawaharlal; Shastri, Lal Baha­dur; Sino-Indian relations; United Nations, Kashmir issue in

India Independence Act (1947), 36, 74, 77, 314 Indian Civil Service, 6 Indian Muslim League, see Muslim League Indian National Congress, 6, 35-38, 40, 42-51

passim, 57, 61-66, 69, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 85-87, 96, 127, 191, 307, 332, 333, 335

Kashmir branch of, 380--382 programme of, 37, 43 reaction to partition plan, 74, 75 secularism of, 37, 127

Indian States, 1-11,72-81 Doctrine of Lapse, 5 Doctrine of Paramountcy, 7-11, 72-76, 78 relation of, to British India, 8-11 subsidiary alliances, 4

International Economic Conference of Islam, 214

Iqbal,Muhammad,40,41,55 Iraq,223 Irwin, Lord (Edward Frederick Lindley

Wood), 8, 57 Ishaq, Munshi, 377 Islam, 38-40, 53, 55, 214

conversion to, 14, IS, 19 see also Muslims

Ismay, Lord, 87, lOS, 107

Jahangir, 12 Jains,35 Jammu, 13, 14,20--22

autonomous scheme for, 204

awarded to Gulab Singh, 21 conquered by Ranjit Singh, 20 description of, 12-17 Jammu Hindus' agitation, 194-203

Jammu and Kashmir Constitution (1951), 186; (1956), 226

Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference, see All-Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Con­ference

Jammu and Kashmir National Conference, see All-Jammu and Kashmir National Conference

JanSangh, 195,202,203, 380, 381 see also Kashmir, Praja Parishad movement

of Jandalvi, Ghulam Haider, 233 Jarring, Gunnar V., 252, 253

report of, to U.N., 254-257 Jenkins (Governor of Punjab), 89 Jebb, Sir Gladwyn, 178 Jha, C. S., 287, 288, 368 Jhansi,5 Jinnah, M. A., 38, 41, 47, 49, 51, 66, 70--79

passim, 88, 93, 96, 101, 102, lOS, 106, 120,137,166,234,242

death of, 144 and Nehru, 106, 107 sent emissaries to Kashmir, 88

Jiwan, Raja Sukh, 15 Johnson, Mr. (British official), 24 Junagadh, 79-81, 120, 124

"accession" to Pakistan, 80, 81

Kak, Ram Chandra, 69, 85-90 passim, 96 Kamraj, Kamraj Plan, 306, 324 Kangra Rajputs, 53 Kanishka, 18 Kapitsa, M., 284 Kapurthala, 87, 124 Kar, Ghulam Rasool, 310, 378, 379, 382 Karachi talks (1963), 303, 304 Kargil, 160, 161, 203 Karra, Ghulam Mohiuddin, 228, 377 Kashmir, 35, 120,231

accession of, to India, 103 finality of, 220, 251, 267, 314, 323, 326 problem of, 79, 81-115 question of ratification of, 185, 186, 196-

207 ratification of, 211

Afghan rule in, 19, 21, 28-30 Basic Principle Committee, 210, 211 British interest in, 23-28 Cabinets of, 188, 200, WI, 209, 230, 270,

308, 310, 378, 381, 382 cease-fire in, 114, 115, 144, 145

violations of, 342-344, 359, 364 Chinese intervention in, 286-319 civil disobedience movement in, 55, 56, 60,

69-71, 82-85, 92, 113, 114, 194-197.

INDEX 423

201-204, 262-265, 270, 271, 308, 310, 323, 324, 328-336, 376--378

Committee on Fundamental Rights, 210, 211

Constituent Assembly, 68, 170, 185, 186, 196, 197, 210, 220, 225-227, 251, 323, 328

Constitution Act of 1956, 226 Constitution Acts of 1934 and 1939, 184 Constitution Amendment Bill (1965), 332 Constitution Orders of 1950 and 1954, 187,

212 constitutional developments in, 184-188,

225-231, 251, 306--310, 330-332, 378, 379, 381, 382

Constitutional Reforms Commission (1932) 59,60

demilitarization of, 144-154, 157, 158, 179, 182, 217-219

Democratic Union Party of, 227, 228 description of, 12-17, 94 If. direct negotiations, 180-183, 278, 279, 282,

283, 296, 302-305, 337, 338, 368-371, 374,375

economic development in, 28-33, 188-190 education in, 53, 54 elections in, 60, 65, 71, 82, 185, 186, 196,

229, 269, 380, 381 Grievances Enquiry Commission, 57, 58 Hindu rule in, 17, 18,20-28, 30-33, 52~1,

65~8, 82-94 independent or autonomous ideas on

of Abdullah, 194, 196--198,201,202,204, 206--209,263,264,322-336

of China, 245 of the Dogras, 195 of Hari Singh, 85 of Kushak Bakula, 204 of the United States, 205

India Order (1947),77 India rules out plebiscite on, 223, 224 integration of, with India, 77, 212, 213, 218,

265, 266, 332, 378 interim government of, 184, 185, 188, 189 internal developments in, Chap. 7, 262-271,

306--312, 320-336, 342-344, 376--382 international perspectives of, 116--121, 213-

224, 249, 271-285, 293-301, 356--364, 368-371

invaded by tnbesmen, 94-115 see also Tribal raids

"Kashmir for the Kashmiri" movement, 54 Kashmir issue before the U.N.

the Indian case, 121-123, 125-127, 129, 130, 135, 136, 145-151

the Pakistan case, 123-125, 127-130, 135, 136, 145-151

Resolutions, 130-136, 141-145, 147, 154, 167-171, 249, 251-258, 291, 292, 318, 319, 355, 356, 362-365, 367

see also Azad Kashmir; United Nations Kashmir Political Conference, 227, 228,

261,336 Legislative Assembly of, 227, 229, 230, 269,

271, 306, 307, 321, 330-333, 378, 380, 381

mediation, 154-167, 305, 306, 326 misrule in, 15, 28-33, Chap. 4 Moghul rule in, 28 Muslim dominance and infiltration of, 38,

41, 78, 190-193, 342, 343 Northern Areas of, 148-152, 187, 231 Pakistani incursions into, 81, 90-115, 342-

352 partition of, 160-163, 195, 205, 305, 306 Praja Parishad movement of, 186, 194-207,

229, 230, 270, 381 see also Jan Sangh

Presidential orders (1958), 265; (1960), 266; (1964), 332; (1965), 378

proposal for accession to Pakistan, 100, 102, 201, 323, 324

proposal for condominium, 305, 325-327 proposal for internationalization, 305, 306 reforms in, 52, 53, 188-190 requests aid from India, 98, 103 Responsible Government day, 60 rioting in, see Holy relic episode role of rivers in, 138-140

see also Pakistan, and the Canal Waters dispute

Russians, fear of invasion by, 23-25, 28 Sikh rule in, 19,20,22, 30 Muslim rule in, 19, 28-30 Valley of, 14-16

and the cold war, 293-306 wars in (1947), 112-115; (1965), 344-352

Kasim, Muhammad-ibn, 2, 38 Kaul, Hari Kishen, 58 Kennedy, John F., 244, 282, 294, 296 Khalji, Ala-ud-din, 2 Khan, Abdul Hamid, 247,343,344 Khan, Abdullah Ishk-Aqasi, 29 Khan, Aga, 41 Khan, Azad, 29 Khan, Fateh, 20, 21 Khan, Haji Karimdad, 29 Khan, Jabbar, 21 Khan, Khan Abdul Gaffar, 68, 326 Khan, Liaquat Ali, 80, 81, 96, 104, 107, Ill,

164-166, 169-171 passim, 180 assassination of, 173 and Nehru, 72, 80, 104, 107-112, 170

Khan, Majid, 113 Khan, Malik Khizer Hyat, 46, 85 Khan, Malik Nur, 382 Khan, Mohammed Ayub (Kashmir Minister),

308,310, 328, 378, 382 Khan, Mohammed Mir, 227 Khan, Pir Mohammad, 188

424 INDEX

Khan, Raja Mohammed Haider, 237 Khan, Muhammad ZafruIla, Sir, 72

as Foreign Minister, 84, 123 and United Nations, 85, 126-130, 136-138,

142, 151, 168, 173, 175, 287-292 pas­sim, 307

visits United States, 216 Khan, Sabur, 311 Khan, Sardar Abdul Qayyum, 238, 240--242

passim, 244, 246 Khan, Sardar Mohammed Ibrahim, 169,232-

246 passim Khan, Sayed Ahmad, Sir, 40 Khan, Sher Ahmed, 232, 236, 237, 239-242 Khan, Zulquadar, 19 Khan Noon, Feroz, 241, 242, 249, 250, 252,

257, 261, 265 Khanates, Central Asian, 24 Khanua, battle of, 2 Khatris, 14 Khiva, 24 Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich, 221, 222, 274,

283,312 Khurshid, K. H., 241-248, 342 Kimberley, Earl of, 25 Kisan Mazdoor Conference, 228 Komaroff (Russian General), 25 Korbel, Josef, 130, 137, 151 Kosygin, Aleksei Nikolaevich, 356-358, 367-

371, 373 Kota Rani, 19 Kotwal, Chunilal, 230, 270 Kripalani, J. B., 87 Krishna Menon, V. K., 117, 250, 251, 252,

257,258,286,288,289 Krishnamachari, T. T., 337 Kushak Bakula, 204, 209, 230, 267, 270, 308,

310, 378, 381 Kushans,18

Ladakh, 16, 17,22-25,115, 160, 161,203,204, 209, 230, 267, 270, 274-276,293,294, 308, 310, 378, 381

conquered by Gulab Singh, 17, 22 invasions of, 17,22, 114, 115,274-276,293,

294 peace treaty of, with Tibet and China, 17 population of, 17

Lahore riots in, 51 as war front, 349

Lalitaditya, 18 Lalleshwari, 15 Lamas, 203, 204

see also Kushak Bakula Land reform, 33, 189, 190, 198, 199, 203, 204,

242 Lang, L. E. (British resident), 59 Languages, 14, 16, 33,67,202,211,225 Lawrence, Francis, Sir, 32

Lawrence, Pethic, Sir, 46 Lawrence, Walter Roper, Sir, 12, 15 Liaquat Ali, see Khan, Liaquat Ali Linlithgow, Lord, (Victor Alexander John,

2nd Marquis), 37,44 Liu Shao-chi, 339, 376 Lockhart, General, 98

Macdonald, Bruce F., 365 MacMillan, Harold, (Prime Minister), 294,

296 McNaughton, A. G. L., proposals, 151-156 Madhok, Bakaj, 195 Magadhan Kings, 1 Mahajan, Din Nath, 230, 270, 308 Mahajan, Meher Chand, 86, 95, 96, 98-100,

102,184 interviews of, with Nehru, 102

Mahajans, 14 Mahammed, Din, 88 Mahmud of Ghazni, 2, 38 Mahratta Confederacy, 1 Mahrattas, 2, 4, 35 Malalasekera, G. P., 291 Malik, Jacob, 175 Malinovsky, Marshal, 368, 370 Manoharnath, Kaul, 308 Mao Tse-tung, 339 Masani, M. R., 324 Masoodi, Maulana Mohammed Sayeed, 206,

210, 308, 310, 324, 326, 329, 330, 336, 377,379

Masoodi, Shabir Ahmed, 380 Maurya Kings, I, 17, 18 Menon, V. P., 76, 79, 99, 100, 102, 107, 110 Menzies, Robert Gordon, Sir, 164-166 Messevy, General, 105 Mihirgula, 15, 18 Minto, Lord, (Gilbert John Elliot-Murry-

Kynynmond), 40, 41 Mir Rajpuri (Erajpun), G. M., 331 Mirpur, 82,231,232 Mirza,Iskander, 241,242,251, 267 Mirza Hyder, 19 Misr, Diwan Chand, 21 Moghul empire, I, 2, 10, 12, 15-20, 76, 123 Mohammed, Khwaja Ghulam, 240 Mohammed, Noor, 382 Mohiuddin, 800ft, 264 Montagu, Edwin Samuel, 6, 7 Mookherjee, Babu Nilambar, 27 Moorcroft, William, 30 Morambio, Tullio, 367, 373 Morozov, Platon, 289, 291 Mountbatten, Louis, Lord, 51, 75, 77, 79-81,

83,86,87,89,98,99,102,103,105,111, 112, 121

accepts governor-generalship of Indepen­dent India, 51, 120

meets Jinnah, 105, 106

INDEX 425

Mufti, Basheer-ud-Din, 376 Muhammad, Ghulam, 214, 216, 219 Mukherjee, Hiren, 375 Mukherjee, Shyamaprasad, 197,202,203,206 Mukhitdinov, N. A., 267 Multan, riots in, 51 Musa, Mohammed, 373 Mushtaq, Maulvi, 377 Muslim Conference of Ghulam Abbas, 65, 66,

68-71, 91, 126, 232-236, 239-242, 244 communalism of, 65, 91 "Kashmir Liberation" movement of, 241 reaction of, to "Basic Democracy," 243

"Muslim Conferences" in Azad Kashmir, 235-241

Muslim League, 36, 41-51, 55, 61, 63, 65, 66, 68-72,75,77-79,85,127,191,213,214

Day of Deliverance, 44 direct action programme, 43, 47, 50, 71 passes Pakistan Resolution, 42, 78

Muslims, 19, 38, 39, 41, 50, 65 evacuees, 52, 83, 97, 98, 231, 232, 311 fear of Hindu domination, 40 invaded India, 2, 38, 39 number of, 13, 16, 34, 35, 39 see also Religion, role of

Muzaffarabad, 14, 160, 161, 231-233, 237 Mysore,4

Nagpur,5 Naik, Ali Mohammed, 380, 381 Nanda, G. L., 324, 325, 332, 339, 379 Narayan, J. P., 324, 326, 337 Nasir-ud-Din, Capt., 235 Nasiruddinova, Mme. Yadgar, 370 Nassau Agreement, 294, 295 Nasser, G. A., 220, 334 National Conference, see All-Jammu and

Kashmir National Conference National Congress in India, see Indian Na­

tional Congress National Educational Council, 67

see also "New Kashmir" Manifesto National Economic Council, 67

see also "New Kashmir" Manifesto National Industrial Council, 67

see also "New Kashmir" Manifesto National Marketing Council, 67

see alse "New Kashmir" Manifesto NATO, 272 Nazimuddin, Khwaja, 180, 181, 237 Nehru, Pandit Jawaharial, 49, 52, 64, 70, 203,

205,206,223,253, 256, 263, 269, 271-272,293,299, 317

and Abdullah, 70, 191, 197, 207, 226, 264, 322, 324, 325, 334

and aid to Kashmir, 104 arrested, 70

and Ayub Khan, 267, 268, 277-279, 282, 283, 296, 298, 326, 327

and China, 271-273 death of, 322, 327, 337 and Gandhi, 86, 102 and Jinnah, 105, 106 and Kashmir's "independence," 197 and Liaquat Ali Khan, 72, 80, 104, 107-112,

170 and Mohammed Ali, 217-221, 239 and National Conference, 64, 68, 69, 70, 72 and Northern Areas, 149 at Prime Ministers' Conference (1951),164-

166 and the United Nations proposals, 132, 141,

142, 149, 151, 154, 160, 168, 169, 253, 261,287-289, 292

views of on accession, 75, 78, 102-104, 197, 202,

212, 213, 220-224, 307 on cease-fire violations, 342, 343 on direct negotiations, 180-183, 302-307 on non-alignment, 119 on plebiscite (referendum), 106, 107, 110,

112, 223, 224 on tribal raids, 98, 108, 112

visits Kashmir (1940), 64 Nehru, R. K., 284 Nepal, 4 New Delhi talks (1963), 302-304 "New Kashmir" Manifesto, 66-68, 189, 192 Nimitz, Chester W., 152, 176, 182,218 Nimmo, Robert, 353 Nisbet, Col. R. Parry, 27 Nishtar, A. R., 107 Nitze, Paul, 294 Noord-ud-Din, 71 North-West Frontier Province, 35,46,47,49,

51, 69, 83, 95 elected for Pakistan, 85

Nur-ud-Din, Sheikh, 15

Oudh,5 Outram, expedition of, 24

Paharis, 14 Pakistan, 12, 16, 23, 35, 41, 44-51, 72-81

passim, 203, 212, 213 accuses Kashmir of atrocities, 93 attacks Ladakh, 17 and the Canal Waters dispute, 138-140, 153,

160, 161, 166,261,279,287 claims to Kashmir, 78, 122-125 coup d'etat (1958), 267 fear of India, 214, 215 foreign policy of, 120, 121, 164-167,213-224

passim, 249, 277-285 passim, 295-301, passim, 312-316 passim, 339-341, 361, 363, 368-373, 382-384

426 INDEX

military aid from United States, 216-224, 249, 251, 255, 338

opposes Kashmir Constitution, 226, 227, 231, 249-252 passim, 265,307,313,317, 339

rebel government in, 94, 233 and Soviet Russia, 216, 222, 223, 284, 340,

341, 368-371, 376, 382 and Turkey, 216,217 and World Powers (1948), 116-121

see also Azad Kashmir; Sino-Pakistan relations; United Nations, Kashmir issue in

Pakistan Constituent Assembly, 78 Pakistan Resolution, 1940, 42, 78 Pan-Asianism, 120 Panchayats, 67 Pandits, IS, 33, 38, 57 Panipat, battle of, 2 Pan-Islam movement, 55, 121, 214 Pant, Pandit G. B., 220, 221, 265 Parmanand, Mr., 382 Parsis,35 Parthasarathi, Mr. G., 365, 366 Patel, Sardar V., 76, 100, 102, 105, 111, 121,

194 Pathan, Ghyasuddin, 240 Pathans, 16 Patiala, 87, 124 Peoples Republic of China, see China, main-

land Persia, fear of, 24 Peshawar, 19, 21 Pillai, P. P., 121 Pindaris,4 Plebiscite (self-determination), 99, 103, 106-

Ill, 123, 125, 126, 129-135, 141, 182, 183, 206, 207, 217-221, 223, 224-227, 229, 236, 239, 242, 249, 252-256, 259, 292, 302-306, 315, 324, 325, 328, 334, 336, 376

partial and sectional, 160-163, 166, 182, 183

Plebiscite Front, 227, 228, 229, 261, 270, 329, 330, 332-333, 336, 377, 380-381

Plimpton, Francis, 318 Plowden, Mr. (British resident), 27 Poonch, 13, 82,92-94, 204,231,232

Gujjars in, 14 revolt against Kashmir rulers, 82-84, 89,94,

97, 101, 122, 125, 233, 236 ruling family of, 52

Population figures Azad Kashmir, 231 India, 34, 35 Kashmir, 13, 34

Praja Socialist Party, 227, 228 Prasad, Rajendra, 197 Princes, Indian, 1, 5, 36, 37, 44, 57, 58, 63---{)5,

75,76

see also Chamber of Princes; Council of Princes

Prithvi Raj, defeat of, 39 Punjab,2,4,5,20,23,35,38,41,45,46,49-51,

53, 69, 83, 85, 88

Qadir, Abdul, 56 Qnadir, Manzur, 244, 279,293 Qadir, Mir Ghulam, 380 Qasim, Syed Mir, 209, 230, 269, 270, 308, 310,

330,377,378, 381 Qayyum, Abdul, 83 "Quit India" movement, 45, 66, 69 "Quit Kashmir" movement, 69, 70, 192-194 Qurban, Fazal Illahi, 192, 193 Qureshi, Mohammed Usuf, 237

Radcliffe, Sir Cyril, 88, 124 Radhakrishnan, S., 324, 332 Rahamatulla, Sardar, 248 Rai, Dewan Ranjit, 104 Raina, Niranjan Nath, 192 Rajagopalachari, C. (Rajaji), 325, 326 Rajasthan war front, 350 Rajputs, 2, 20, 53 Ram Chandra, 19 Ram, Dewan Anant, 27 Ram Rajya Parishad, 203 Rann of Kutch, armed clash in, 341, 344 Rau, B. N., Sir, 66, 69, 167, 173 Rawalpindi, 171

riots in, 51 talks in (1962), 302; (1966) 374, 375

Reading, Lord, (Rufus Daniel Isaacs, 1st Marquis of), 8

Reading Room party, 54, 55 Reddy, Neelam Sanjiva, 286 Religion, role of, 13-15, 17, 18, 34, 35,38-43,

78, 80, 81, 85, 87, 124-127, 166, 204 214, 262-264, 333

Renzu, G. R., 230 Residents, 24-27

power of, 4-6 Revolt of 1857, see Great Revolt of 1857

(Sepoy Mutiny) Riasi, 14 Rinchen, 19 Riots, SO-52, 56, 83-85,97,98, 108,121-128,

311 Rostow, Walt, 305 Round Table Conference, 42, 55, 57 Rusk, Dean, 305,317 Russia, Tsarist, 25 Russian Turkestan, 12, 24

Sadi, Waleed, 362 Sadiq, Ghulam Mohammed, 60, 71, 101, 188,

193, 206, 207, 209, 226, 228-230, 244, 267-270, 308, 310-312, 320, 321, 328-333, 336, 377-379, 381

INDEX 427

and Communism, 192 Sagar, Allah Rakha, 62, 71, 235 Sahadeva, 19 Sahai, Dewan Govind, 27 St. John, Oliver, Sir, 26, 27 Samarkand, 24 Sambalpur,5 Sandhimati, 18 Sandys, Duncan, 294,297, 298,301 Sant Dev, 85 Saraf, Ram Piara, 268, 269 Saraf, Shamlal, 188,206-209,230, 380 Sarmento, Syseno, 365 Satara, 5 Sayed, Mufti, 382 Scot, H. L., 113 Secularism, 49, 59, 127, 190, 308

see also Indian National Congress; All­Jammu and Kashmir National Con­ference

Self-determination, 227, 248, 250, 322, 334, 336

Sepoy Mutiny; see Great Revolt of 1857 (Sepoy Mutiny)

Setalvad, Motilal Chimanlal, 127 Seydoux, Roger, 318 Shafi, Mohammed, 382 Shah, Major, 100 Shah Mahmud of Kabul, 20, 21 Shah Mir, 19 Shah, Mir Waiz Mohammed Yusuf, 65, 69,

232-238, 240, 243, 329 Shah, Mubarak, 377 Shah, Nathu, 22, 25 Shah, Nazir Hussain, 233 Shah, Pir Ali Jan, 246 Shah, Sayid Ali Ahmed, 234-236 Shah, Sayid Nazir Hussain, 234 Shah, Zaman, 19,20 Shahab-ud-Din, 19 Shahabuddin, Khwaja, 368 Shajahan, Emperor, 17 Shamim, Ahmed Shamim, 381 Shamsuddin, Khwaja, 193,230,269,270,308-

310, 321, 330 Shariat-ullah of Faridpur, 40 Sharma, Lok Nath, 57 Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 309, 310,323,324,327,

329, 335, 337, 338, 345, 347, 354, 356, 358, 360, 361, 365, 367-370

death of, 371 Sheikh, K. M., 283 Shikandar (Butshikan), 15, 19, 38 Shivaji,2 Sialkot war front (1965), 349, 350 Siddique, Pir Yahaya, 380 Sikhs and Sikhism, I, 13, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22,

30,35,38,50,51,53,61,82,89,93,270 slaughter of, 84 wars of, 22-24

Simon Commission, 41,55 Sind, 2, 4, 5, 19, 35, 38, 41, 45, 46 Singh, Amar, 52 Singh, Arjun, 350, 351 Singh, Baldev, 111 Singh, Dhyan, 52 Singh, Gulab, 14, 17,20-25, 30, 31, 52, 54 Singh, Gurmukh, 382 Singh, Maharaja Hari, 22, 52-72, 82-94

accedes to India, 99-100 ascended throne, 52 attended Round Table Conference, 57-58 and Kashmir Constitution, 184-185 views on accession, 85, 87,99, 100, 102,103

Singh Hukum, 20 Singh, Jagat Dev, 52 Singh, Janak, 87, 90, 95, 100 Singh, Kanwar Thakur Ranjit, 382 Singh,Karan, 185, 186,200,202,208,210,381 Singh, Kishore, 20 Singh, Mr. Maharaj, 66 Singh, Mian, 22 Singh, Piara, 378 Singh, Pratap, 12, 25-28, 32 33, 52, 58 Singh, Rajendra, 112 Singh, Ram, 27 Singh, Ranbir, 16, 24, 25, 27, 31, 32 Singh, Ranjit, 15, 20-23, 52, 85 Singh, Sardar Budh, 188,206 Singh, Swaran, 301, 302, 304, 335, 337, 359,

360, 365, 366, 368, 374, 382 Singh, Master Tara, 50, 51, 324 Singh, Zorawar, 17,20,23 Sino-Indian relations, 271-278, 281, 284, 285,

289,293-296, 312, 313, 340, 357, 358 border clashes, 275-277, 293, 294, 372

Sino-Pakistan relations, 244, 245, 276-282, 285, 298-301, 312-313, 316, 356-358, 364,376

border agreement, 290-303, 334, 340, 341 Sino-Soviet relations, 274, 275, 316. 358 Sobolev, Mr., 253, 258 Socialist Democratic Front, 227 Soviet Russia, 130, 131, 155, 167, 173, 175,

178, 192, 193, 216, 221-223, 251, 253, 256, 273, 274, 284, 289, 295, 327, 340, 341, 356-358, 362, 368, 383

views on Kashmir, 175, 221-223, 253, 256, 257,289-292, 315, 356, 357, 372, 373

South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO), 217, 223, 224, 246

Standstill Agreements, 76, 90, 91, 94,122,124, 146

Stevenson, Adlai, 205, 288, 290, 291, 315 Student demonstrations, 196, 377 Sudhan tribe, 231 Sufi, Ghulam Ahmed, 381 Suhrawardy, Shaheed, 50, 227, 252, 253, 275 Sultanates, 19 Suslov, Mikhail, 316

428 INDEX

Talbot. Philip. 316 Tariq. Ali Mohammed. 310, 378 Tartar invasion, 19 Tartar Khans, 24 Taseer, M. D., 234 Tashkent, negotiations and declaration, 367-

374, 383, 384 Thant, U, 318-319, 343, 352-355, 359-367,

374 Tibet, 17, 18,23

communization of, 191,203,204,273,275, 277

revolt in, 276 Tilak, B. G., 35, 36 Tilney, John, 294 Timur Shah, 29 Travancore, 4, 75 Tribal raids, 94-115, 122, 126, 127, 184, 193

195,234 Trofimovich, Muzurov KiriU, 382 Truman, Harry S., 151 Turco-Iraqi Mutual Co-operation Pact, see

Baghdad Pact Turks and Turkey, 18,217,223

Udyanadeva,19 Ullah, Chaudhri Hamid, 234, 238, 239 Ullah, Khwaja Sonnah, 234, 235 Unionist Party (Punjab), 43, 45, 46 United Nations

Dixon Report, 156-163 Graham proposals of 1958, 258-260 Graham Report, 171-180 Jarring Report, 254, 255 Kashmir issue in, 121-163, 171-180, 224,

249-262,286-293,312-319,352-367 McNaughton proposals, 153-154 UNCIP,72,97, 130, 131,136-137,140-152,

158-159, 167-168, 171, 249, 251-257, 289,291,300,302,307,314

UNIP<>M,365,374 UNMOGIP, 342, 346, 347, 353-356, 361,

362, 374 United States, The, 173, 177, 178, 205, 215-

224, passim, 244, 251-257 passim, 273, 280, 282, 285-297 passim, 303, 305, 312-318 passim, 327, 338-340, 357-359, 362, 366, 375, 383, 384

Vakil, Mr., 228 Vikramaditya dynasty, 18

Wahabism, 40 Wakefield, G. E. C., 55, 56, 58 Wali-ullah, Shah, 39 Wami Sogame, Ghulam Nabi, 270 Wani, Khwaja Ghulam Din, 234 Warsaw Pact, 272 Wazir, Hari, 195 Wazir, J. N., 381 Wazir Committee, 190,209 Webb, Colonel, 86 Wellesley, Richard Colley, 1st Marquess, 3. 4 World Bank award, consortium, 139, 140,279,

287,340 World Muslim Conference, 169, 214

Yar, Mian Ahmad, 69 Young Men's Muslim Association, 54 Yu Chi Hsueh, 290

Zafar, Mr. 363 Zain-ul-Abidin, 19 Zakaria, Rafiq, 365 2dauddin,Pir,232,238-240 Zorin, Valerian Aleksandrovich, 178