(seismic margin analysis technique for nuclear power plant
TRANSCRIPT
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KR0100882
KAERI/TR-1799/2001
(Seismic Margin Analysis Technique for Nuclear
Power Plant Structures)
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PLEASE BE AWARE THATALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT
WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK
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2001. 4.
71
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O Ot
717151 "fir
71
in.
FA
CDFM
FA
^ EPRI
- 1
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CDFM yoVl£ ^ FA %
if. C D F M
IV.
^7^1-7) ^sflA^ f 2 f i ) ^ ^
iv. <s^7im ^4^1 #-§-?!] ^
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SUMMARY
I. Project Title
Seismic Margin Analysis Technique for NPP Structures
II. Objective and Importance of the Project
Many countries have made efforts to secure the seismic safety and
integrity of NPP structures. Especially the countries where the strong
earthquakes occurred frequently, such as U.S. and Japan, have made an
enormous effort to develop the seismic capacity evaluation methods.
In general, the Seismic Probabilistic Risk Assessment(SPRA) and the
Seismic Margin Assessment(SAM) are used for the evaluation of
realistic seismic capacity of nuclear power plant structures. Seismic
PRA is a systematic process to evaluate the seismic safety of nuclear
power plant. In our country, SPRA has been used to perform the
probabilistic safety assessment for the earthquake event. SMA is a
simple and cost effective manner to quantify the seismic margin of
individual structural elements.
This study was performed to improve the reliability of SMA results
and to confirm the assessment procedure. To achieve this goal, review
for the current status of the techniques and procedures was performed.
III. Scope and Contents of Project
Two methodologies, CDFM (Conservative Deterministic Failure
Margin) sponsored by NRC and FA (Fragility Analysis) sponsored by
EPRI, were developed for the seismic margin review of NPP
structures. FA method was originally developed for Seismic PRA.
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CDFM approach is more amenable to use by experienced design
engineers including utility staff design engineers.
In this study, detailed review on the procedures of CDFM and FA
methodology was performed. In chapter 2, brief review on the SPRA
and SMA is presented. Moreover, several techniques for the
quantitative evaluation of seismic margin of NPP structures are
described briefly. The detailed review on CDFM method and FA
method is presented in chapter 3.
IV. Result of Project
For the seismic margin assessment, the safety factors related to the
structural capacity and response should be estimated correctly. The
capacity factor, such as strength factor and inelastic energy absorption
factor due to the nonlinear behavior of structures, has large
uncertainty, so that it has significant effect on the SMA results.
Further research on the parameters use in the SMA is needed to
improve the reliability of SMA study. Moreover, analysis, test and
earthquake experience data on the structural fragility should be
accumulated. The efficient and rational method to evaluate the
structural seismic margin should be developed.
V. Proposal for Application
The current status of SMA technology was reviewed for the further
research on the realistic seismic capacity evaluation of NPP structures.
Base on the results of this study, the advanced technology and
procedure manual will be developed in the future.
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CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Seismic capacity evaluation of NPP 3
structures
Section 1 Introduction 3
Section 2 Seismic probabilistic risk assessment 4Section 3 Seismic margin assessment 15
Chapter 3 Seismic margin assessment method 19
Section 1 Introduction 19
Section 2 CDFM method 21
Section 3 FA method 60
Chapter 4 Concluding remarks 105
References 107
Appendix I Inelastic energy absorption factor 111
Appendix II Seismic margin assessment of containment 125structure
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3
3
4
15
19^ s . 1 9
CDFM aJ-^ 21
FA yJ"^ 60
105
107
HI
125
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X] ^ ^ # ^ 7)7)2]
7>(Probabilistic Safety Assessment) ^ - i - ? l l f ^ ^fl-S. ?i
PSA* ^ ^
1 PSA7}
tfl^^c]] 4B] - 1991^ 6 € " 1 ^ - NRC^ Generic Letter No. 88-20
Supplement 4[l]*fH 7>^-^tl S
fe NUREG-1407[2]-^
- ^ M ^ ^ l , °]7)*\ Seismic IPE (Individual Plant
Examination)-] yJ-^A^. SPRA(Seismic Probabilistic Risk Assessment)
4 SMA(Seismic Margin Analysis)* 2-^f-
EPRKElectric Power Research Institute)^ €
E SPRA
SPRA
BWR SI3H tfl^ SPRA*
CDFMCConservative Deterministic Failure Margin) ^ ^ ^ FA
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(Fragility Analysis) ^ i £)«!: ^7} ^ } ^ 4^-
71]iL
CDFM y c v ^ ^ FA
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7] ir( standard) ^ if-
^ - f ASME, ACI, AISC ^ Standard Review Plan(SRP)
€ 4 . SSE(Safe
Shutdown Earthquake)4 OBE(Operating Basis Earthquake)4 Q-B: ^3)
7] ^1^1 (Design Basis Earthquake)^! -M^, ^l^b, ^ S - l - ^ s}°1^4 3.
IzLE- $] -%\s\ (Code Committee) 4 Working Group
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-saqofl
SPRA ^ tfl^l^-^-S sj7H ^ ^ i^^^: 7l-irO]jL o|r>. ^ *M*\^ ^
SPRA1- ^*3: tiJ-^2}- SMA
SPRA^
*}3L 9X4. SPRA^r 313 ^ ^ £ 1 S ^ 7}^*!: ^ ^ ^ ^ -
A)
. SPRA
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S P R A i ^
5. SSE4 ^
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4 Si4. ^ H
Catawba
2.
SPRA^l 1 4 ^. SPRA
^ SPRA
4.
fl^ (Seismic Hazard Analysis)
# ) ^ £ . 2J7} (Structure/Equipment Fragility
Assessment)
Afji^o]-g:^(Accident Sequence Analysis)
Con sequence (Risk) Evaluation
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SPRA I 1 4 * 3 - ^ ^ 4 SPRA I
4. ^ ^ # ^ 71
717] 51 ^ 1 4 ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 5|-eHl£H t f l ^ ^ S l - 71713
€^4x1 ^sj^- tfl4^-3 sPRA^^fe 4
(Peak Ground Acceleration, PGA)» 4-8-*
L^ 71713 ^-^<^1 t|]*V 1
I ^ O 1 (accident sequence)^
^ 5fl^SlJL
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7)7]°\
^ . 7}
(1) Zion
Zion y -& Zion
. Zion
Indian Point ^ € PRA
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7Htb4.tfltb ^
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^] SRSS (Square Root Sum of Squares)^.
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1.0, 1.25.
l- 1.25. ^r^^l-^-i : trfl ^ 40% 3-Tfl
4. 1-
r Zion
(2) SSMRP yov^
SSMRP yoVl£J-£- Seismic Safety Margins Research Program^
5 n)-^ NRC^ *\% -eM LLNL (Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory)^! 7fl#^ ^ °14[8]. 61
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SSMRP
SSMRP
Latin hypercube 7}
fitting
SSMRP Zion
in hypercube
31
C3) RAS
RAS ^ j " 1 ^ ^ - Probability Based Load Combination for Design of
Category I Structures Program^ ^ - A J . ^ . ^ NRC^ *1€ ^M BNL
(Brookhaven National Laboratory HI 4 7fl^:^: yo ^°14[9] . °1
^- Z i o n yov^4 ^ ^
. BNL
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^ Stationary gaussian process
with zero mean ^ Kanai-Tajimi i ^ I ^
45}. x ^ ^ x]^l^l 3.7) ^
^ r i ^ Stochastic process^ ^*1 °]€-(extreme value
theory HI ^Tl
imit state surface)^- € ^ ^ 4 . °)
^ ^ 3.^: 45f^)Bfo)i cfl^ s| ^ J | 7> 1 (best estimated value)
- ^ 4 . SSMRP y o ^ 4 -fi- >
«1] Latin hypercube 7 ] ^ ^ A}-g-«l-i:}.
(4) JAERI
fe PSA 7 )^ 7fl#S] <a^A^ . 1985V1
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717]^ ^ - £ 3 •$•&
3IJ7}
Zion tiov^*
tb -I-
7H1
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(5)
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4.
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. 46>7l- AiJL 4 ^
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$14.
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SPRA^ll xfl^fl^ 711^^14 71^ ^ ^HV 7 ) 4
514.
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^o] <g^7> i|JLS>4. SPRA4
. 40}7\
4. °l<
^ S . ^ - SSMRP U - ^ 4 Zion
SSMRP y J - ^ ^
fe ?>4. ^ ai^]] HJ- - LS. Zion ^ o l Sifet-fl o|
^ ^ e l i S ^-€-4 . SSMRP y o ^ i «l«l] ^VaL Hl-g-4 Al Vo] ^Tfl ^o] ^o) A>-g-5]jl
4.
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2.1
7m
o]l u | X]
3J7> Vl^lS.
FA
Zion Method
^la^CPGA)
JAERIS S M R P
^§HH «1^^
oTT
4 t ^ s <>l-§-
."3" JL
^ ^ ° U ^ 7>
fe- Seismic Margin Earthquake(SME)5]-
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(reference earthquake)^: ^ t r 4 . °U# 1 : ^ PGA=0.3g^|
0.3
7l ^sfl HCLPFCHigh Confidence of a Low Probability of Failure)
(system analysis)^
HCLPF ^ £ - i f l^ I^^^- i i ^ r ^ A S - M - i ^ ^ A ^ 4^17> 7 ^ ^
HCLPF &
c>. SPRA
HCLPF &^r cfli* 4^1 &1-O] 5% oi
% M 4 ^1
f ^ l ^ ^ 1%
2. FA^l 51
1984VI ^
HCLPF ^ ^ ^ 1 71 § ^
^tb^r. ^^V°ll ^ ^ f e - ^ - ^ 1 - i - screened-in
! ^ ( g e n e r i c capacity)^ 3f7^1 ^ * J ^ SPRA^l
4.
HCLPF St^:
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, #3:
- ^ ^ Z i o n
HCLPF ^ir-gr 95% ^ S ] £ l - 5 , ^ # 1 ^ £ ^-*H*1 5%
3. CDFM
CDFM
7171 Si
Tfl^ #^<=fl^ EPRI y o v ^ ^?^S . ( succe s s path) 7f l^^
<^7)Ai ^ ^ - ^ 5 . 4 f-^ ^-^4i7} ^^gs) Aj-Bfl (either hot or cold
shutdown)^*! 72 -RV ^<?> -B-^l€ ^ &TT ^ ^ 1 - ^:*>^ ^ ° 1 4 . 451-
-tfcfl
. SME ^ ^ - i -1 ^ ^ 6 1 SME ^ ^ ^ ^5l t ! :4^ ^ £ ^ ^ 1
7 j S tflAj-oUx A ^ I A ] ^ ^ 0 ,4 .
HCLPF Sit si TflAV-i: l i S §>^ ^-#^1 t p f l A ^ E P R H ^ ^ CDFM
(Consertative Deterministic Failure Margin)
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HCLPF ^ # *$7\ *v ^ 0 ^ 3 . ^ 4 . HCLPF^
oil 31 tb ^ ^ 1 ^ ^ - ^¥^8: A ^ ^ S - xfl i 7H> # 1 ^ ^ ^ - ^ ^ HCLPF
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^- OBE ^ SSE
IEEE-1975
US NRC^ USI A
1-^ ^ ^ 1 4 . SSE7> 0.12 - 0.25g?l «
l ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ : ^ i^ l SPRA 1 1 ^ H
fe SSE ^ . 4 2
o ] ^ SSE ^ ^ i t
SPRA^r x ]^ l^ j j
5]
7]
^; SSE
SSE < ^ o ] ^
f^ ^ 6] r>.
1984V1 ^ y J
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^ 0.3g ol
- M , SME ^°] 0.5g
0.3g0.3g ol«H*) SME ^ r f
- 71-1:^4. 3-Z-M 0.5g
SME ^r§°1] ^*> ^ £ ^w ^ ^ ^ ^
4.
SMA# ^ * l l : ^r SI4. NRC l SMA, EPRH^i 7 f l ^ yov^°1lA1^ hot S ^ cold shutdown ^
w-^^- ^ ^ ^ ^ ( s u c c e s s path)5}3l
fe ^s i 7fl7> ^7fl§}-4 6 1 ^ # vfl^l^-a-£# 4 4 ^ 7 ] ^ £ ^ ^ S .
> 4 ^ ^5L ^ S l r ^^"5]-^ ° l t ^^^1 i f - ^ i 7l7| ^ ^-^ofl tfl1?]: SMA* ^
SMA -1 ^*S-g: ^ ^ ^il#7l#xl-(system engineer)^
(Seismic capacity engiennr)°fl £ N ^rf ^14. SMA l ^r^
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- SME (2 .^ RLE)
t ^ 71713 ^ ^ - £ 1 - J|7>§|-^ Hh^ofl^ SPRA^l^i
CDFM yo^^] Si4.
CDFM
SME ^ ^ ^ ^^ i ^ ^ x ] - ^ ^SME»
10% # £ ] # ^fe •^-^-i^B.^o.s .^ SMES A>-§-%V ^ ojo.^ 6]nfl
UHS (Uniform Hazard SpectrumW *1 lOHz
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SME ^ ^ allM -Tfl ^ 4 3 4<^°1 444*1
0.2g o]*H*l SSES >g^l^ ^ ^ A - l ^ o.3g5L SME1- ^ ^
_ojg_ SME- 1 ^r^-c: smooth broad-frequency response
SME
fe PGA^l 4€- 84%
NUREC/CR-0098[14] l 84% Hlijzf^-l-^ ^s.^^v-> NRC R.G. 1.60[15]
}TT ^ £ 4 t ^ ] «H a f l ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^ 1 4 * ^71 £
^ SME1- ^§1
^ ^ 4 ^ - , # UHS7f
^ 15 Hz ^
PGA* S 4 "
PGA ll tflsfl UHSS SME*
HCLPF SME r&a) UHS1-
=14.
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HCLPFfe £<>1H3 3 - f 3 PGA< 1 4 ^ 3 4 ^ ^ 3 84% NEP4
fe •€-•§• ^
^ ^ SMA I-
^ ^ (^1-1:^ 5.8<
ML <6.8) ^ ^ i ^ e l H l ! : ! : ^ ^ 25 km)^ 44^fl^ 3M4. ^-
84% NEP ^ I ^ E . ^ ^ :
4 . °]
(non site-specific) trial SME ^ ^ S .
SME ^ ^ A ] O ) ) ^ ^^jEHjo] tg£
(peak-to-valley variability)^- «>^§>7] ^sfl 84% H l i
^] ^ 4 - trial SMES. 0.3g I £ ^ ZL
fe 7A°) ?M ^ - ^ ^ ^ l ^ J i % ^ 91
4.
2. CDFM
CDFM ^ ^ ^ r SMA
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5. 3.1 CDFM
4-8-
^ 5 - 7 o V 3 E
^ -g- ^ ^ S) E. 2j
4^
Normal + SME1 ^ 2 | * S fl-^ (84% NEP)
a ^ ^ s 3g7>€ ^J-a 44*13 3 <y-& + ^MH^l Ir^-a^
^7f ^ ^ ^-f 95% 2:4 7ov£
Service Level D(ASME) Sfe 3 £ fl-^^1 4 S .
84% 2 4 7J-3E.^ | ^ 4 4 7 > o}v| ^ . f ^ ^ g f l ^ A H ^ ^)A>^ ^°11 ^*> ^ - ^ ^ 80%# ^>-g-«> , wl^^ nq
-1: ^«S§>^^: TJ-f 95% 2 4 " 3 ^ ^ 4-§-•ir^-i^^r 3l^5f7) 3*1) 2 |«(peak)^l - 1-(broadening) -S- Vfe- ^^^r °l-^(frequencyshifting)^- 4-g-^M ^ ^ ^ #3«1 4-§-
CDFM ^ SMA
^ 44SMESME
4.
small LOCA
4. T^gi
SMEi tfli
rir-c- small or medium LOCA
. di-A ^ 22psi#
. # SMEfe
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84% yl^4^"# ^ ^ 0 . 3 . ^ ^ 4 . SME1-
ssi
•& NUREC/CR-0098[l4N A)
. NUREG/CR-0098^1 fe s=Le)E.
, ssi-i- JLB\
NUREG/CR-0098i^
^- 5 ~
SSI J|7>^ X1H>^S.O]
r -r1-^ °r^-| VG-KT "5"
. S M E ^ ^F-n-^>o14 (9-^:^-o]lAi^l •l-^
structure) °1] cfl s(] A-
fe SSI nq-B: ^ ^ ^ ^ # o ) l o o] x ] ^ l ^ ^ £ ^ 7H1" ^.^^od
S>4ol4.
^R3, SSI
SME
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SSH
SSI ^ ^ ^ * 1 ^ ^ ^ l ^ £ 3 ^ ^ r ^ H r ^ c ] ISR
(in-structure response)^] n)^^. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ ^§ | |
3.
(failure equation)
JL Sl g- -S. "?l«fl i t ^ S Jg7]-^ ^ SlAS.^ 98%
CDFM
7>
95%
^-f<^fe AISC ]
95%
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-f Grade 40 ^ 60 %^r*\} tflffl 40ksi ^ 60 ksi^l
. ^ 4 -M^r-flo)^^ ^ ^ ^ o ] 15% o ] # a j i COV
(Coefficient of Variation)7> 0.08 o]^o] ^ 4 . 0 ^ 4 3. ^
^7>fe 0 % (mean/minimum = 1.15, COV=0.08) ~ 15 %
(mean/minimum = 1.25, COV=0'04)# ^>-8-^r4.
gofl «_V 28°^ J £ ^
C0V7> 0.10 61§>^
(7^)^ ] 1.2B1)7> Sjt^ t f l ^ a ^ ^ ^ 7 > 0.147} S ] ^ ^ ^ .
6011 * J ^ ^ ^ 7 o ^ (7^ )^ ] l.lHfl ^ t f l ^ a ^ s j ^ } ^ 0.127>
A 1 ^ 4 . 4 ^ 1 95% ^ ^ ^ - 1 : ^ : ^ f e CDFM
^.4 £0) ^
- COV < 0.10 for cylinder tests
/CCDFU= L2e-1-65(0-14)7 ,28 = 0.957,28 (3.1)
o (3.2)
28<a S ^ 60<
^ ^ 4 C0V7> 0.14^ ^ ^ ^rVl ^ 7 o v ^^ tf^r&^d*}?} AA 0.17
0.16^-5- ^
COV=0.14 for cylinder tests
foCDFM= 0 .907 <28 (3.3)
0 (3.4)
10
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45%, 60^ TJ-JE*) ^ - f o ~ 35%7> a ^
44
(rust strain)^:
514.
4.
ACKAmerican Concrete Institute)0!]^
^ - f AISC-LRFD^]
. ASME fl
ASME service level D ^ ^ 1 - A>-g-^ ^ ^ 4 . o] ly-^
ja. SI4. 7l^-^<y
95% i3>^s.7j-3E7 r 95%
GDFM ^ ^ A ^
95% 2
i4. a*}-CDFM ^|7>
1 ^ - f 84%
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4.
4.
7]7l^) ^ ^ # F , , #
4.
SMA
CDFM ^ ¥ C*(capacity/demand)«1^
/~> /if
(CID)E= „ , ns (3.5)
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4-S-4
(3.6)
} € 4 . (C/D)j7} 1 c , ] ^ ^ ^ CDFM
SME7> SMER^T S 4 § M 1 ^M, (CID)I7\ 1 6]§].^ CDFM
SME7> SMER U 4 4^1 € 4 . SMER-I:
% ^ ^ CDFM SME ^ ^ ^ 1 SMER^-
^: 4-S-^4. ^1^4- (C/i?)/^ ^«fl^i^ CDFM
SMER# ^ ^ t ^ Si^- Scale Factor!- ^ ^
4.
Scale Factor (FS)E ^ (FS)ife 4 ^ -
(FS)E= Ds+/cs (3.7)
F,or (,FS)E/Kft (3.8)
CDFM SME=(FS)i SMER (3.9)
CDFM SME* ^ t - ^-fi^f- SMER-^ 7] ^ s |
^ 4 1 : 7}X1JL Sife- SSE-t 5^-*> <^^ ^r^AJL 1 ^ * H
SSE sfl °1] i ^ - ^ J i ^ - i : ^ 1 ^ ^ 4 ^ CDFM SME ^ ^
5. 7l7)
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$= SSE
SME
7] «7}t-
SMA
7] SSI
4.
ssi
^
(1)
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# 3 (structural damping)^ «f4°14. £<# *1^geometric damping,
radiation damping)^- S.O<J=£)
US NRC R.G.
SMA
.^.6) S M A
14. ^ SMA
1/2
I 7]
3.3
Structuresearthquake stress levelAbout 1/2 yield
Beyond or just belowyield
Structure and condition
a. Welded steel, prestressedconcrete, reinforced concrete(w/slight cracking)b. Reinforced concrete
(w/moderate cracking)c. bolted or riveted steela. Welded steel, prestressedconcrete (w/o complete lossof prestress)b. Prestress concrete(w/loss of prestress),reinforced concrete, boltedor riveted steel
Percentage ofcritical damping
3
5
77*
10*
* These value are only appropriate for linear analysis and should not be used innonlinear analysis where hysteretic energy dissipation is directly considered. Nonlinearanalyses which directly account for hysteretic energy dissipation in theforce-deflection relationship should use only 60% of these values.
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%
^ 7 ^ « 1 (composite
modal damping ratio)7> ^^-§>7fl ^ 4 . - g - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ° 1 4 S.H. A]
?V c]^ i%q ) A - ] H ^ 2 : 1 : ^ 31^^<?1 ^ fl-S^ (classical normal
mode)!- 7> <ifl 45} ^ ^ ^ «1 ^^1 (uncoupled)^^ ^ s # ^ -g- -
4. 20% °] # 3 °J^]^«1 ^^11: ^ §iA^ 4
41 A!4- m ^ S 4 ^ - £•— " 1 (composite modal damping values)
•B: ASCE standard[16]4 3.1.5.24 3.1.5.34 ^ ^ H 4 4
(2)
4 .
°>
SMA ^*J
SSH
A] O]|
4*11 " ^ 3. 3.7} <^
3500f/s
^ SSI4
SMA
4.
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(3)
o ] S ^ c$t$£- NUREG/CR-0098[14]«*M afMtb SRSS 3E^r
100-40-40
100-40-40
, SRSS
4.
* ^ 71
(1)
^ SME -g-^-^^jS.
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SME ^ J i . ^ ^ ^ E .
g-
SSE ^ S ] S ^ ^ ^i«|E.2i
tfltb 4 S .^^ -g-^-l- <£ §i^r ^ ^ 71^ ^ 1 cfltV -g
i ? f l ^ ^ * H 3£r T r t ^ S SRSS
SME -g-# i ^ E . ^
-f (narrowly peaked) SME l
20% °]*}*i ^ 2 f ^ l ^^° l ) fe
V I ^ 1 «m-fe SSI %t 3zj7># 1 11 -i^j A
Ksimplification)^4. ^
SMA#
i SRSS°11 1*> ^ ^ 4 - -7fl^
3.H 1 4 ^ 8 4 . 01 joflA-i SME SSE ^^s .^51
M- Kn., TSi-Z-^X] 71^ ££7} Xltifl^ol^, 71 ^ ^ ^ 7 } 3.7\]
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A s. -1 Si
SMEi
SRSS -g-
Si4.
SME SPECTRALACCELERATION,SaSHE
(SHE 0AMP1HS)
SSE {SSE DAMPING)
•$$£ SPECTRAL1 ACCELERATION S
rFUNOAHENTAL (OR OOHINANT)FREQUENCY, f j
PERI 00-
C)
STRUCTURALMODEL
V5"SME LOAD = SSE LOAD X
SaSME
a s $ £
SSE DESIGN t(
SHEAR FORCE-
3.1
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SMEi ^ ^ S -l ^ ^ incoherence^- ^ ^ I r ^ l ^% JLZ\7}
Tfl r (ductility reduction factor)^! ^^-°] wj- -3}§>r}.
(2) ^ - g - ^ i ^ E . ^ ^ 1 ^ 7
^ 3^1 « ! • 5,vfe 7)7]^]
broadened) i 4 r ^ ^ ^ ] ^^(peak shifting)^
fe <H^4. SMA *a^»1 SSE ^]^^1 ^l^l^l tfl
7fl -^-^5>JL ^^#7]-^ i (peak floor acceleration)!- SME^)
S M E ^1^-g-^i
and unbroadened) f-
1-4. z ie i4 %tfl« (broadened) # - | - ^ ^ ^ I ^ ^ ^ ^ 3.2^
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SME ^ SSE ^ - g ^ i * | S ^ 3 H#<>1 -fr^^-jL, ^7>sl SME
^?)1^^ ^14^^ SMEi«1S. ^ ^ € 4 . ^7)Ai
SSE l^ - ^ SSE ^-^^i^je^-i:
)71 tr)|^-ol4. o
fe SSE -iTfl-t-g-^ ^ ^ gSME i^E.l7>^3EJ2l- SSE ^m=Q 7}^£^ Bl# ^§ffe J
SMEi tfl^ ^ S # ^ SRSS 7>^£^i SMA»
SSE°1)
ZPASME = Z P A S S E ^ ^ - (3.11)
j.sME^ SME 2 . ^
, Saj.ssE^r SSE
tfl«>
- SME ^l«>^-^-^«j^5j3l- SSE ^l«] : -g-^ i^!S .^^ tg^o) ELT\) 4
OJ-HV
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SME SPECTRALACCELERATION S B S M E
SME (SWE DAMPING)
SSE (SSE DAMPING)SSE SPECTRM.ACCELERATJON S aSSE
FUNDAMENTAL {ORDOMINANT FREQUENCY, 1J
FREQUENCY
GROUND SPECTRA
ACCeLERATlOM •
SCALED STRUCTURE ACCELERATION
FREQUENCY -
IN-STRUCTUPIE ACCELERATION RESPONSE SPECTRA
3.2 <t-g-^«]^£] ^
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incoherence^]
3 ! : *r SM- 'Sss 7l#^ ^^I§D^O)U> ssi
SMA#
^ ^ ^ SSI £^r ^
4 . ?^ r 3-f SMA l tfltt ^sfl^ A] 7 ^ ^ ^ S £ ^ 2 f A]] 5 . ^ SSI JE.
SMA
SMEi
4.
71
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5j7> A] «VJE
SMEi
(2)
SME
^^11- i i^ -4 . ^ " ^ ^^)^^=, ^%^4] (center of
gravity), -j1^:^—] ^ ^ ^ ^ S^£^.(mass moment of inertia of the
structure)!: ^-^«fJL Sl°]^ *H , * s ^ ^ 3 . 5 1 ^
#^1 ^^-(softening) ^-^^r
iff
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^(Nuclear Steam Supply System; NSSS)^1
4 . ^Hl^ i 1 ! ff-^(prescreening criteria)^ e ^ * H NSSS^l
igid mass)iL5L
7> i A f ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " t NSSS S1!(simplified NSSS m o d e l s
-g^) A] A}-§-^ NSSS
SMA# ^*S§>^ Revo
> 7|-7l- ^ ^ t t ^-f°llfe ^ ^ ^ r NSSSNSSS ^§-747} ^«S§ffe 510} 7]-^-
^ ^ ] ^ o ] A]^Bfl «a^£(system ductility)^ ^ -S 0 ] 1.5
SME<H1 ^ * 1 | 71 i ^efl^-(base slab)^ *^(uplift)«>] 3.7fl (
50% ^1AJ") ^ 8 ^ ^ - f ^ ^ g ^
. SME
Diablo Canyon
45} ZL - 1-0] ^ - ^ PE^. ^7}t}7]) s ] 4 . SME
714, bilinear, #>8*i*r J§-)
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«>^ 4 ^ pinched 7 ^ # ^ " S H r
^^(moment-resisting steel frame)
^ l f e Takeda
(3)
ifl7flsl<H Sil- 3-?- SMA ^r*S 1 SSI
surface)6!]
4s. ^HI-^JS.^ ^ ^ j . 2) ^3g^ f i S 5 ] ^a>
T g ^ - S S I g | ) ^ A) H _ V ^
deconvolution ^ convolution « B ^ ^
71
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4 . ^r, 1) A^ =?->${%•% ^) 2)
^ * 1 3) *1#
2) ^ ^ Sj7>^ X i ^ J E ^-Bflo]]A^ U r ^ ^ ] ^ ^ 90%
2)
SSI £ ^ ^
l ^ l - 3] 3 5J7>^)^ 2/3
71 ^ f e
4 ^ K l ^Itt 7ov^^l ^7>on 7 l t l ^ K # , strip footing
spread footing
^(foundation geometry)^
^ ^ 1 1 - i ^ - t l : Ti^rtb 7fl^(simplified representation) 2)
ol-g- ^ rocking.
(4) sfl^
71 ^<q a ^ 6 1 4 SME#
K SRSS^ll 1*1- ^ c
S ^ M ^31 A] •
: SX 4 . SMA «1H<
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71 ^
SSE ^ -g^ i^B .
. SME
SME ^ S
octave bandwidth^]*\ ^ l ^ ^ r ^ 10%*^^ 10%
10% ^
^ ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ltiB^l^^ ^^^^ 10% ^"^ SME^l
SME ^^<^1^1)^171S-^ ^^"-8: ^)^171JH 7>x|
% ~ 95%
E(t)= f^az(r)dr (3.12)
^ o.O5T
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(5) ^-g
«a^» ^ ^ 7 } % 1^.7} O JL, 7)$^ SSEi
SME^l
^ SRSS
(3.13)
a] x
Stick £ ^ ^ r 4-S--& ^ ^ w}^A] JlBiSfl^-t 717) l - ^
^ 7]7l<a]
^(translational)
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(rotational spectral acceleration)^]
- Critical EquipmentLocations on Floor
Y
1 X /rxi
if ^.Lw i
"2
^ "1
Floor Center of Rigidity
3.3 7) 71^1
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4. 3.4). of shifting)^
±0.15/; ^
.8
.7m(3i .8zo*- .5ccttl
i A
' H h--"f»CALCULATED
• WIOENED PEAK'SHIFTED PEAK
FREQUENCY - H*
o A iz\ *~. o\ o] -
f. f, h U
SMEiSi4.
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SMA» 3 $ 7># # ^ tij"^^ ^S-g-^-i; ^§>7l ^Sfl A>-g-tt 7
7} 7151 3g7H A> -£| H f i ^ I ^ ^ 7l7l<S]
6.
)171
SJ^4 ASME
"t
49
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7}. #£
SMAi
^ o l 5 } ^ ^ Sit)-. 7BrttV tf^oflAi ^7})^ ^ ^ XL4:(ductile
element)0!] tfltb
(1)
%
o] gv^ 95% Ais]£(confidence level)* ^ ^ &°14.
4 ^ (brittle component)^! ^-f^ ^ 3 . , °1 ^-f^lfe CDFM
%
(2)
imit load)^- ^#§>7l ^ ^ A ^ xfl^^ -g-33SHI
g- €5.(non-uniform distribution)» Jis]
-§-2)§l-^(collapse load)614 4#^^(buckling
capacity) ^ l # ^ i ^ «fl ^ S € 3-f ^-g- 5d*rfe ^ ^ l ^ ^ ^ l -1<T7> ^
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4.
^-8:
^^(ductility capacity)#
- S ^ - «S^ ^ ^ - 8 - ^ ^ J S . ' g (ductility modified
response spectrum)0!] 7 | s t b «ll3:^ °1]4X] -S-^r^l^ (inelastic energy
absorption factor) F p » ^>-§-^fe
fl^> ^i^ 5%
4 iL
7) 7] 7} ^ ^ 5 ] ^ ^l^r ^ ^11: 7] 7]
"t ^ ^ 4 . ° ] S ^ ^^Hr-t- ^-Jl*r7l ^«}l^^r ^
-i- #31^1 0.2 ~ 0.25%^ l }
°J^ ^ m ° l ^ ^ - 13:^s}]^oil o ] ^ jl£(elastic computed demand)^
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4.
4.
(system ductility) //I-
^ (inertial weight)°H,
-g- &*$<% 4 f 4 t 5 ] f ^ ? > ^ ^ ^ ^ : 44 \E4 . a«Jr fe,-fe
/ ^ ^ (elastic demand/ capacity)6) 1^ ^^\ l t ^ ^ ? 1 ^ ^ % 1 ^ : 4
4 . ^ : * ^ # ^ 1 ^ - T - ^ ^ - ^ (3.14)^ ^ ^ ^ (story ductility) ^ ,3 . 4
(3.15)
(yield drift)A3. <>H
Si 4.
M=l + FK(fis-l) (3.16)
F ^ ^ ^ ^ (story ductility)-!- /fl^'S^(system ductility)AS ^
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^|4,(knockdown factor) 614.
7> 1.3 * R H 3*1 &^r ^- -£?fl^ ^ #
^ S 0.5 ~ 0.75 1 ^ ^ H &4. °1 ^- f ^ (3.14)4^ (3.10)A
^^^^^(permissible system ductility)
- ^3]°J ^ S # (moment
frame structure)^ ^ - f i ^ r Newmark-hall^l ^^[19] 4 Riddell-
Newmark^ ^ ^ [ 2 0 ] ^ 4-§-€ ^ SI4. ^ . ^ 4 pinched ° ] ^ ^ - § : ^ ^
*14 t i ^ K H € =.SI1^ ^ 3 : # 4 ^-f°fl^ o l 5 ^ * «ov
Hr %•£ Kennedy ^ [
^ -^ 1.25
!: £€• 7 ^ t ^ ^f-^l 4^§ | -4 . cast-in-place
(pullout) Sfe expansion °3^4 ^ l o f l A ^ F^l.O-i: 7
cast-in-place °<!M ^ r ^ i ^ i ?I^: ^ - 4 ^ stretching^ ^uf l^^ ^ - f F,,
=1.257} ^^-§>4. F;A 1.0 1 s]fe 4€- ^l^Aiir ^3*!«V
^ltb t ^ 4 ^ -^ 4^1 (bond failure) ^ -§- <>l] 4 tb 7]7l4
4.
SMA
L^^-442] *Hj xfsfl^o} 1VT])7> $X^ (self limiting prior to a failure)
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[Y
§ late tfet k4-?-iY^ f - ^ f r
^ a Ivfe (7O-T+C7O-I
S-to"
Y^ : 7
(ZJ"£)
V913H r (iirappoy ^UBIOOQ p ssoq) V 3O1
4§[aIT #
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(3.18)
F • 5.^1 Jg.3] ^
Pa : LOCAi
. SME
(ductile system)^! H
^ 7-1
PWR
-§-
S. 3.3 PWR
Element
Concrete and steelstructures
D
1.0
Concrete containment i 1.0
Steel containment 1.0i
EsME
1.0
1.0
1.0
F
1.0
L | PA
1.0
1.0 ! 1.0
1.0 1 1.0
Po S A M
i 1.011'
1.0u;
OML(ZJ
(1) Piping reactions at penetration or nozzles(2) Restraint of free thermal expansion may be excluded for ductile elements
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4.
(1)
^q*. ASME B&VP cede Section III
Division 2 ^ USNRC Standard Review Plan[22]4 £ £ S J ^ 4 7]§<$
4 4 ^ « 4 . 45}Ai S=LE)E z ^ 3 f - £ 7 ) ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^
S -i^l*H, SSE+LOCA1-
>Hfe pfl-f ^ - ^ ^ ° 1 4 . &=LB\E. ^^-^H-^] tfl^: ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ 1 ^ ASME
B&PV S ^ H * ] ^.g-g-^^- o]^-^u]-. H)AI^ -g- - #±7}T£ q
«- 41 Si4. f i f ^ l ^--4^ 6|>£cq ^ . ^ ^ 4 4 ^ ^ B&PV 3 . ^
(strain limit)^ ^-§-%v ^ Si Til s j ^ «a^^r °l-§-t!: y d^ l -
0.005in/in, ^^1^-+^^ ^ ^ 0.015in/inS.
714 ASME B&PV SJE.4 4 ^ A}%H) tpflA^
§>4. 1 1 S 3 ^ 3 ! - ^°)^\£\ ^ ^ ^ ASME B&VP code Section III
Division 2^ CC-3121 ^ CC-342l.5^] A?i4fe
(tangential shear strength) ^r^^l %-§-t!: r 5i4.
(2)
ASME B&PV code Section III Division
NE-3200 ^&^ NE-3300 ] l fl-^^l 4 4 A4A ^ ^ll^-i: ^
(cylindrical) ^ T 1^ (spherical) 1}#°] Si4. ^ 4
fe ^ 4^:(anchorage)^] 4^14 7&A €^1 2>#°14. °)
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p » 13. §fe
3^^(integrity)
# °>7l A]7l*]fe ?#^4. ^ s | i | ¥ # 3 ^ ^ (leak tightness)^:
£ (post buckled condition)^ tpfl
J i^ i^ t l -a^ bifurcation «B^ (linear
bifurcation analysis)-^ 7 ] ^ ^ . ^ «Vr}. Service level D l
(factor of safety)0! 1.343. Tr^£)°1 Slu>. ACI ^
° J ^ ^ ^ : -fr*l«>7l ^ *B SMA
:^: 1.343 -^^]§f^ ^^1
sj.oln.T4 71715]
^- nfl ^A]§ ^ &v
?1 sj-(feedback)
(3)
: 4€- ^ 3 S l ^ ^ S l - ^ : ACI 318[24]
ACI 349[25] 1 fl-^^l 45} ^^)^-4. ° H SSE* i
^31 (factored load approach)^
tfltfl 4
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(degree of ductility)# J L ^ I H : iflisj-jz. $14.
CDFMi ifl-gfl i - 9M 4 ^ t b 4 4 7*H 84% ££
-f ACI s = . ^ fl-^^[ 4, Tfl^ir i^ ^ n>^A l 7 l J L 014. tf-eH ACI
^14. 6l?i ^ - f i ^ 84%^^^^E^ 4€-
si Til € 4 .
(4)
-£• SMA
^ AISC Manual of Steel Construction[26]°l] 4
i^) (plastic desing)^ SMA s J 7 H
A T/ * f~\ • | i »^il T ™7j Y—1 ~* 1 ^ - t , ~ 7 i -^^1 —il l _^-» J J —,]1 \ - l } / 1 1 r> * . I*
•T5JLOL/ - " ^1 T| o "tl °l o I o -nl n^ S'Ti id klUciU CM ICSlSLculCe IdCLOr
Design) ^ A| < | ^.JUA-jojl A-|.$.} "=J"^1''^J"JE.'^] ^ ^flS-'^*^ ^ • B '
*«o]l 4 4
4
(column interaction equation)0!]
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7}
(5)
USNRC Bulletin 88-113
3°fl al B SMA ^r*3 A]
. SME^l
sj7>7> ^
USNRC IE Bulletin 80-1H 4^-*>fe- 3°ll t f l ^ A ^ «y«. bounding
case^ll tpfl y}£LAl «fl^
4€- ^-foll
SME «F§^1 ^^71 ^t!: 2:33^1 ifl^l^^-8r in-plane ^ out-of
plane -§- -« tfl§H ^S§H O > t!:4. SMA^l^ in-plane
^ ^ out-of-plane^l tflgfl ^7fl^l ^ ? f l 7 l ^ # A>
1 ° J ^ ^ (stability)^l :¥-
(through wall cracking) ^ €• € ^ ^ r SMA
oil M *1 ^ (energy technique)
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^ bound SM ^7}t}±= ^ A ^S14. i m ^ S ^ -IV ^ ^ f ^ f ^ 3 ^ 7 r block ^ 1/2-i-
out-of-plane
dowel action^ ^ f| ^ ^ ^
arching ^£^ bridging action ^*1 «fl^°1)^ ^-g-^ T Si4. arching^]^-A}o](^ai arching)
arching) i£fe °o^°1]
FA
1.
WASH-1400[
(reactor safety study) °14. ^ 7 ] ^ Jg^ ^-^]°llA1 *1*1 °
5 x 10"7^-S. 3g7>«>^6.^ o ] ^ x]^lo] l
^ ^ ^ : °m^^7] l £) 4 . ^ ^ 1970Vitl]
Canyon € ^ ^ 1 ^ l - ^ - ^ ^ M
01 r]-.
1970V! tl) -^«1 Oyster Creek Unit 1 € 3 ^ 1 SPRA°fl>H
\. 3- ^ 1980V1Zion SPRA7} ^ - S s ] ^ * . ^ Zion
Zion
3.5*1] ^ l ^ ^ ^-^ AJ-°ilAi^ HCLPF(High Confidence of Low
Probability of Failure)&-%: H T I Si4. ^ - IHH ^ ^ 4 ^ ^° ] f 1
HCLPF^ 95% ^iSl£ ^r^HH 5% 4^1 "1-i:
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4.
^ (median capacity) 4 4
Seismic IPE (Individual Plant Examination)^
o"5"
7]- ^4 . 7l7Hl
-S1-4.
7l7l
44 ^^ 44 ^
1 .0 _
P e a k g r o u n d a c c e l e r a t i o n ( g )
3.5
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s. 3.4
Structure
Equipment(Qualified by Analysis)
Equipment(Qualified by Analysis)
Capacity
Response
Equipment Capacity
Building StructureResponse
Equipment Response
Strength (Yield or Ultimate)Inelastic Energy AbsorptionGround Response SpectraFoundation-Structure Interaction(Including Soil-StructureInteraction, Deconvolution &Incoherence)
DampingFrequencyMode ShapeTorsional CouplingMode CombinationTime History SimulationEarthquake ComponentCombination
Strength (Yield or Ultimate) orTest Capacity
Inelastic Energy Absorption(See above)
Qualification MethodDampingFrequencyMode ShapeMode CombinationEarthquake ComponentCombination
Test CapacityBuilding StructureResponse
Equipment Factors
(See above)
Response ClippingCapacity Increase and DemandReduction
Cabinet AmplificationMulti-Axis to Single-AxisConservatism
Broad Frequency Input SpectrumDevice Capacity
7\7\^\ fl^S^^i^: 90%
Zk ^ ^ ^ 1 1/2-?-3
(3
ZL
xr =?•
95%
5 ~ 95%
fe 471-
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-g-^o] o}^ ^ ^ ^ o ] ^ . ^ - ^ A > ^ ^ ^ o)r>. SPRA^l
SPRA^r
CDFM yo^^f FA u o v ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ -^ -^ r 7}*)3. $X^l- 7>^lJL 014,
2.
47151 SPRA^H-b € 3 ? ^ t ^ 7)71*1
I Weibull 6]
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3.6*1)
3.6
A5. n 371
t.OD T
0.00
Ground Acceleration Variable, a
3.6 t «>]-8-^
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(a)
(3.19)
(3.20)
§>^ ^-^-i- 7>x]ji
4- 4?>7>^^ tfl^r^fl-^-S* £*r €^^^^1 product
products ^"4. °l^^r ]A5L
y = ^ 1 • ~x-i • • • • x"n (3.21)
y- I T I ^ M #TT ^^€^r ^ 1 ^ product v°H tfltb
^^] ^^t(variance)^ £ ^ 1 ^
cfl^^fl-^-iS -H-Af . ^-A^^. 7>X1JI 01
4 . & ^ ^ § ^ ^ 0 ] ,|§o|r:}.
product^
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4 . °}7A4r ^ s
4 ^ • • # (3.22)
X& products
$14. 5%, 50% ^ 95% 1 4 ^ - ^ 7^x11-
0c=f^+Wr (3.23)
^ 6 ] 50% ^1
^ ^ - i : ^*}5L S14. US] 4
^(spread out)-!- iL<^JL Sife
( # A^l wlsfl fir)7} 3]-7l n}]^o)4. Seismic IPE# ^*V SPRAOH
95% ^Sl£o] ]
95%
SI4. °1#* ^§>^ 4^-4 ^ ^^" ^^r ^ SI4.
HCLPF50 =a-e~-m ^ w (3.24)
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(3.23)3 fiA «
3|4i HCLPF& (^
(3.25)
HCLPF^ CDFM
84% til^a-l^Non-exceedence Probability ; NEP)^: ^ " ^
3 HCLPF^ ^°J-St (50%
HCLPF H fl^ ^ f l
HCLPFzo (3.26)
4 . iffwfe °1 ^-^OH cfltt iSr ^ pA SRSSS.
3.
-3 #^^^£ ^ l ^ ^ l ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 (factor of safety)^A^^l A1^1 SSE
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5a4[28,29J.
Ami Median seismic capacity) = F • ASSE (3.27)
p ^ Actual seismic capacity of componentActual response due to SSE
__. f Actual capacity j x | Calculated capacity )\ Design response due to SSE J 1 Design response due to SSE j
f Design response due to SSE )I Actual response due to SSE J
(3.29)
, _ J Actual capacity ) ( Design response due to SSE )~ 1 Design response due to SSE J \ Actual response due to SSE J
F=FCFRS (3.31)
F= FsF,FRS (3.32)
# 4E}
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44 ^4
(3.33)
FsA
Fa :
FM :
F^c
FEC
FHD
Fss
(3.34)
(3.35)
4. FA
^ 71
4
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7}. Ground Motion
^*<t (earthquake Response Spectrum Shape)
-s-1^ (Horizontal Direction Peak Response)
(Vertical Component Response)
Tfl ^ 4 .
^ PGA Sfe Sa)
4.5J5- PGA71- xlav^-s.
NUREG/CR-0098[14]3 ^ o j - ^ ^ 1 ^ : A ^r3j
(reference response spectrum) D ^ 7>^«H &4.
Diablo Canyon
. ^5J ^ ^^ -s-^^^s.^^ 5%
$14. °l 44^14^ 48 ~ 14.7 Hz 401
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717) 51 ^ i f o ^ ^ K § ; l ^ S R ^ l PQA7>
Diablo Canyon ^ 3 4 SPRA^H 4-8-tb ^ 4 £61 3.0 ~ 8.5 Hz
s ) ^ Savannah River Plant^ K-Reactor^l tflth S P R A ^ H ^ 2.5 ~
10HZ A>«*14 ^ 5 " ^«]E54 7}^£7> A>-g-£) i:>, i ^ E . ^ 7>^£o]l 7}
^ PGA
514.
PGA» ^1-8-^ NUREG/CR-0098
NUREG/CR-0098
$14. -i*ll - s - ^ -^^M^^^^ l -S-t(peaks and valleys)^:
- ^ ^ # 71-Xl
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4.
3.5 ^ - § -
Basic Variable
Earthquake response spectrum shapeAnchored to pga parameter
1 Hz5 Hz10 Hz16 Hz33 Hz
Anchored to Sa parameter (i.e., 5 -1 Hz5 Hz10 Hz16 Hz33 Hz
Horizontal direction peak responseVertical component response
Ground vertical equals 2/3ground horizontal
Site-specific analysis
Logarithmic
fir
0.18 to 0.220.18 to 0.220.18 to 0.220.15 to 0.190.12 to 0.15
10 Hz average0.18 to 0.220.18 to 0.220.18 to 0.220.15 to 0.180.12 to 0.150.12 to 0.14
0.22 to 0.28
0.22 to 0.28
Standard Deviation
fiu
0.320.240.160.12
0
0.2000
0.100.13
0
0.20 to 0.26
less thangeneric values
PGA 4 ,JI olt:}.
PGA &•§• 7
^S i lEHj gj-o]
7]7]7> ^-gr ^ l ^ ^ l : 7>x]j7 ol^- ^ - f o) ^ o f l x ^ s.*|
s] 4 . n ^ 3.7^ ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^tfbg-^ ^ ^ ^ B f ^ . PGA1-
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S. 3.5
3.5*11 *1
SPRA
8
2•5a>a.
Real Earthquake Response Spectrum
Stte-Spectfic Response Spectrum Shape
Peak and Valley Randomness
Spectral Shape Uncertainty
Reference ResponseSpectrum Shape
Frequency, f
3.7
(2)
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^ /?r^ 0.12 - 0.143.
4 . °1 & ^ Diablo Canyon PRA l < ^ 5 . ^ * S ^ ^, o )^ E U S ^-x]^ T £ £
in-plane SI4.in-plane -§-
a.4 £7)4 -# ^ si4
0.13
1 Q {O]^ a o .
€4. °1 ^ ^ ^ ¥ ^
^(specific direction response)^
§1-40] ^ . E
^# * ^ Si4.14.
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ELA)
100-40
AX
1.4 (3.36)
0.4)4
1.0
? ^ 1.0, fir-&
«5CO
"55©
<Da .CO
Horizontal Direction PeakRssponss Randomness
N-S ComponentResponse Spectrum
' ComponentResponse Spectrum
Frequency, f
Reference ResponseSpectrum (Average)
3.8
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AJ) vjlO.S *] tifl
100-40 ^ A
(3.37)
1.0, /?r^r 0.10A
M.4 ^ ^ -§•#•§•
R=largest I x, —
(3.38)
7]- 1. X7\ , X7> 1.0
A] 5110)450]] o) gf)
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-& 1.09, 0r-g: 0.
4. iL^ 44 ^1 f
0.07 ~ 0.1351 ^ ^ 1 -
^^^(approximation)
fe 1.0 ~ 1.091-
9X
S. 3.6^^1
3.6
Case
1.
2.
3.
4.
Specific direction responseAverage direction response
Colinear vector response
Average direction response
General vector response
Average direction response
Largest direction responseAverage direction response
Example
In-plane shearwall response
Tension responseof anchor bolt
Shear responseof anchor bolt
Compression inflat-bottom tank
Median Factor,
F
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.09
Randomness,
0.13
0.07
0.10
0.10
(3)
717] 3-7])
1.5
0.347>
-^. 0.01*11 !:2]-§r4
0.25 ^ 0.23-i:
Si4-
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4.
. A,
4.-§-^o| 25 km
2/3 A^. 0.34
r 2/3
km ^ l ^0.34 o)s}7} £14.
4.
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3.7^1
4^ i^E.
3.7
MaterialLogarithmic Standard Deviation
Medianfir
0U is based on— 1 a Damping
About 1/2 Yield
Welded steel, prestressed 3%concrete, reinforced concrete(slight cracking)
Reinforced concrete 5%
(considerable cracking)
Bolted steel 1%
Block walls 5%
Beyond or iust Below Yield PointWelded steel, prestressed 7%*concrete (without completeprestress loss)
Prestressed concrete 10%(complete prestress loss),reinforced concrete, boltedsteel
Block walls 10%*
2%
3%
5%
3%
5%*
7%*
7%*
* These values are appropriate for psuedo-elastic analysis: however, they should be used with cautionwhen inelastic analysis is performed to avoid double counting energy dissipation. In general, lowervalues should be used when performing inelastic analysis.
4
45} ^
. 3. 3.7
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*Hltb 4%^ 4^-3 SSH^^ SPRA^H a ^ s H r 3
5-14 t -#
. °1 ^-f a 3.
^ 60%!- >}-g- H *fM*l
s i 4 Diablo Canyon *Qr#± SPRAi^i ^ ^ « t 7fl^^^] til^^ X\^}o)
correcting)^B.S.
4.
7}
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(1)
c>. SSI
^(flatness)6.S. ?l«fl
0.057]- -8-^-^] (upper bound value)7> ^c>.
rise) ^ ^ . ^ E . ^ S
^ 4 . Los Alamos
- 3}-^-^- ^A1^>JL ^ 4 .cflt!: ^fl3g7H^ *H^^>^ ^l-f^°l §i°l (without bias) ^J-^^-
0.33
S] (rotationH ^t!r 7 i A S .JLS]ojitj-. o] a i ^ 5 |x]^ ^sfls] s l - ^ 4 4 §>^o] 3)-g-§l-^ T] c] (loaded
girder)^!*\ ^ : ^ « r ^ 4 . ^ ^ 1 - f r^^^ ^ 7 > ^ ^ ^
s l 4 . 4 £ aspect ratiol- S ^ € ^ ^ 1 ^
ASCE working
#^] 7j-^^. ^-^ ^(realistic)*]i%$=
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. Working group^ i§7fl^ i§7flt-
(E)
E ^ G
E ^ G S^-
St 7^1^ 0.7S. §
741^}-
0.33<L
Haviland[30]^
[31]
(coefficient of variation)*
*$ 0.15S. ^ A ]
4. S- 713 711 0.35
(2) 5LEL^K>
^ 0.05 ~ 0.153. 4.
f 0.1571- 514.
Si4
(3)
4 3*11
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. A}^-
1.0 °1§>^ Sit-i: 7}-^ ^t-£: nfl^ 4 4 . Rule of thumbs 45} ^
-2(7 e l l ^ H 1.0A5. §H61= * 4 - ^ l * * ^ ^"Stt A^A 1.10
w St-Br 0.05^.4
4 . ^ ^ ^l^r^-g- 42}^41- 4^1 ^ i ^ 4 ^^l^^l^^: Fourier ^ ° )^^-S-^-# ^.^^71) si4.SRSS ^ ^ . S 2.S.-§-T3-ir S^-^ ^ 4 ^ ^ - ^ 4 nfl-f
4 . °1 1 4 ^ oi <4 -ff-A}*)- lJiJ-1- Scfl^. SRSSfeT ^ ^ ^ A ^ # ^ ^ ^ ^ ; ^ St^- c S 71)3
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ft5
200
100
o
A
J0 OS U)
200
* 1
O OS* ID
IS 20
1 DAMP!
LIS 2D
2OO
IOO DAMPING
Hfflhw•0 05 tO IS 20
3.9
SRSS
2 ( 7 1 :
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fir=l/x[la(Va6s/V)] (3.39)
V : SRSSi $\%
x : S^*}£] ^ (#, 2 HSr 3)
o)
^- yj:££]-<*] i ^ ^ j L ^ 4 . SPRA»
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GO
tit
•§I
CO
Generated Response Spectrum
Reference Response Spectrum
Frequency, f
3.10 -g-^^i=
incoherence
- SSI
incoherence 3.71)
incoherence,
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deconvolution,
(1) ^ l ^ ^ Incoherence
3.717} pfl
nj-e}- incoherencel- ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ 1 ^ ^ 4 ^ ^^.S. tlsfl
4.
.S-H ° 1 ^ SMA1- ^1t 7>o]=.i- ^l^sfl^r]-. 150
incoherence* J l^ tb ^St-S-^
Frequency (Hz) Reduction Factor5 1.010 0.925 0.8
7)B\- 4^-
- 1 ^(linear interpolation or extrapolation)-=r ^ H ^ ^ 4 . # , 75 fttl
-f 10 Hz^H^r 0.957} £|c], 300 ft4 ^ - f lOHz ^1]^ 0.8 ] ^14- ^ ^
25 Hz ^1^4 ^l^^r^] t f j ^^^ - 25
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«&£: 4 0.1
7>
^ ^ ? ] incoherence
712: ^
-g-Tg- - 7 ] ^
incoherence^. 1 fl 1 # ^ ^ ^ 7A°-£-
(2)
. SSI S f l ^ H ^ deconvolution «H^^: ^r^J
=i4. ^1*17>» ^«V deconvolution
%
SSI
(3) SSI
SASSI[33] ^ - ^ ^ E ^ iS .ZL^^ : o)-g.*)- SSI s f H #
4 . °11- ^ S Z L ^ ^ ] ^ ^ ^-S-^^(kinematic) ^ ^ ^ ^ (inertial) SSI
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CK^1 S l4 i ^^ r 0.57> 5)
» 71 Ef 1 : ^ - ^ ^ ^ - ^
fe C
y]^]] x l t i } ^ ^ s . ^ - ^ ^ - ^ . ^ - ^o l Bfl-f 3T-O]-
0 o T -5-11 >{A O .>*— TE-T1 -5-1 ~z3 1 "L *r l --?- ~7l_ IT3 ~7*L C C T001 ^H^i'a" ~T S^^l'-'r 7\-tr S.)rS-7r oisl
O I vJvJl—'— T ' •> ' i • O O ^ O I
t t ^ ^ ^ r ATC 3-06^1 Section
commentary ° 1 4 . o] ^'3--§"fl<:>11xi ^lAl"?!r ^]^:-i: ^ ^ - S } ^ ±la
and 1/(1 + C v) °ll Ai ^1 x) ~^-~^S:
' ' ' ' } fu
(3.40)
(3.41)
# SSI#
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a.P
P sstructure~i—T3/I
/soil
(3.42)
/i//s«i, ^ 7]
^ 1 45} /? structured
-H-3L SSI Si4.
^ ! # *}•%•% ^ S i 4 .
0.15*1 «V?1 ^ - f /i//soii°l 2.0
371
SSMH
[35]^
SSI
SSI
SRSS
- SRSSi100-40-40 yov^-§:
# ^ 4 . 100-40-40 *£^-&
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4 . ° i ^ 6-S Afl ^ *fH^r *r3J«W
SRSSM- 100-40-40 °\±
(3.43)
# : SRSS S ^ 100-40-40^
x : &&#*}£] ^ m- 2 - 3)
£.0] ^-AH ^ A ^ V S^^-ol 1/1000
- ^ f o ] 1/100 6]
O.I80I
A S 100-40-40
^ =.^01 ^ o . ^ ^ . 4 . o ) ^ 7 ^ 7 } ^ * H ^ Monte Carlo
Simulation^ ^rsStt 1 4 ySrSt6l 0.40 ~ 0.45^ 4 4 ^ 4 . 4A1
0.451- A}-g-§p3 ^-AJ- ^ ^ ^ o ) ^ - ^ TSJO|4.
^ i 20%7|- ^ ^ - f 0^ 0.4*
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•& 0.15ol4.
scale factor
4.
- 92 -
Demand : (^S)£ - D s + D w (3.44)
Capacity: E-4CS'(FS)E (3.45)
(3-46)
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scale factor (FS)^ 4 ^ ^-2-3. ^ 'T Si 4 .
(*$),= F,.-U?S)E (3.47)
$X°]*\ ^ i ^ ^ ^ in-plane ^ ^ ^
^ 5JAS 7V^
- %• diaphragms % 4 1 - ^jMl^r A
- in-plane
7]
diagonal shear cracking
flexure
shear friction
(diagonal shear cracking)
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(flexure)^ < 2 ^ 4 2 ] ^ ^ ^ #^r«rfe # ^ ^ i ^ (shear friction)^
opening^] &•§: ^Ml^r
pier
(tangential shear failure)
ASME Code CC-3421.5*!H^r ^ e
^ J i^«M ^ ^ - ^ CC-3521.1.2^1
( 3 - 4 8 )
45}Al ^ ^ ^ o ] ^^-^i-o] ^ ^ x ^ 7 j - £ f ^7}t}7) %n Ogaki
[37] °1 ^ ^ S l - t i ^ t i tf)^; ^ ^ ^ sJ7l-^^^: J§-*}o] 1 A
i 014. o) igogoflA^ 1
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(3.49)
fe 0.851-
84% a
, o] xrf) Dc^ ?*^
Ogaki ^
^=2.0
ff=0.667(Af/W?o)
<z=2.5
for 0.5<LM/VDo
for 0.5<M/VD0< 1.25
for M/VDO^1.25
(3.50)
M, V, Z ? o ^
(3.51)
vafe psidlau,
(Pph
— Av
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<ym •
h '•
(3.53)
(3.54)
4^-4 514.
(3.55)
, Ms, MP,
A.
^A±i(ductile element)^
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CDFM
CDFM
(Effective Frequency/Effective Damping)[21]
- •%•$. Riddell-Newmark (Effective Riddell-Newmark)[17]
distorsion^
Diablo Canyon
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ratio»
aspect
71S. S. 3.8-31
fe 1 ~
f 6 ^ 0.5 ~ 1.0%^
7V/; F , ^ ^-
71
^ 7] 71 ^ 7)4
a s p e c t
3^- 7}#4. o ] ^ e
Diabio Canyon SPRAi
(3.56)
3.8 [38]
Structure Type
Shear wallsSafety-related equipment attached
No safety-related equipmentattached
Containment Shell
Median Drift
0.005
0.007
0.0075
0.15
0.15
0.15
/?„
0.30
0.30
0.30
(1) Effective Frequency/Effective Damping Method
pinched
Si4.
secant
3.1H 4 4 4 SI4.
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(3.57)
v « . .
Force
f >» Deflection
3.11 ^l^
»1 fjfk
secant
(3.58)
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(3.59)
: pinched
/ . ^ /Vr ^-Sfl^l^ 3#<q ^ S J ^ i ^ f & l S4(/e,&)
t>
I fjf\2 SA(f,0)= —m f \ (3.60)
(2) Effective Riddell- Newmark Method
o.S. Riddell-Newmark
^-^r NUREG/CR-3805[21]ol] i ^l^^f^l Sl^r. S ^ Riddell-Newmark
514. oi*}. 71-t-SV - ^ ^ -ft-S. Riddell-Newmark
ost-yield/deflection curve slope) ^ ^
bi-linear S r f ' - ^ ^ H tfl^
s } ^ F , l - - ^ ^ ^ 4 . ^ ^ *]^rAl?> ^ pinched
]4 . Riddell-Newmark
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3.1241
% = larger of
P i = smaller of
or
or
//<?',
(3.61)
(3.62)
V-'Sr
Deformation
3.12 Bilinear % Pseudo
5} q-g-ja] ^-n- c
- Rigid range
Saif.B) ,«Pga
(3.63)
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- Amplified acceleration range
(3.64)
- Amplified velocity range
(3.65)
|, a = 0.10 2-5% damping
= 0.11 7% damping
= 0.13 10% damping
= /K// when fK/f< 1.0
= 1.0 when
(knuckle) . rfl, r,, ffa
bilinear S > ^ - ^ ^
ductility)!- 7A<>}
4. 3.1241
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g'=0.5+ ^~ i ; r D 2 IX'^i (3.66)Z-fi.
, QQ^ q (3.61)
(3.66)^- 31^1-71 #4) ^«3
pinched
(3.67)
(3)
3.841
^ ^ ^ ^ i ( sca t te r ) ^ - ^ - i : ^>^*]-7l ^ ^ 0r4;
(3.68)
s] Si -71-41 4 5 } ^
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(3.69)
0.05 ~ 0.20^
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- SOT -
M »0P
1-lb
HSd lo
* lo
ISQ "-
ISO
-lalT -f-^ klr ^ t?
fe 4ir-l*lo-fe #
te '-fci#IY
IY
•& 17
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HCLPFi
4 SIA^, o 71
• &
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1. U.S. NRC, "Individual Plant Examination of External Events
(IPEEE) for Severe-Accident Vulnerabilities, Generic Letter No.
88-20, Supplement 4, 1991.
2. J. T. Chen, N. C. Chokshi, R. M. Kenneally, G. B. Kelly, W. D.
Beckner, C. McCracken, A. J. Murphy, L. Reiter, and D. Jeng,
Procedural and Submittal Guidance for the Individual Plant
Examination of External Events (IPEEE) for Severe Accident
Vulnerabilities, NUREG-1407, 1991.
3. J. W. Reed, R. P. Kennedy, D. R. Buttemer, I. M. Idriss, D. P.
Moore, T. Barr, K. D. Wooten, and J. E. Smith, A Methodology for
Assessment of Nuclear Power Plant Seismic Margin (Revision 1),
EPRI NP-6041-SL, 1991.
4. Shibata et al., "Lessons learned from seismic risk studies at JAERI
and issues to be resolved in future," Seismic Risk Workshop,
Tokyo, Japan, 1999.
5. Howard H. M. Hwang, Seismic Probabilistic Risk Assessment and
Seismic Margins Studies for Nuclear Power Plants,
NCEER-87-0011, 1987.
6. « H ^ ^ ^ h W ^ t * ^ S t ^ ^ <3^ (^-^-Ai-^y-A-jy.^
1993.
7. Commonwealth Edition Co., Zion Probabilistic Safety Study, Docket
50295, 1981.
8. Smith, P. D., et al., Seismic Safety Margin Research Program,
Phase I Final Report, NUREG/CR-2015, 1981.
9. Hwang, H., et al., "Probability-Based Design Criteria for Nuclear
Plant Structures," Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 113, No. 5,
ASCE, pp. 925-942, 1987.
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10. K. Ebisawa, et al., Methodology for Estimating Realistic Response
of Buildings and Components under Earthquake Motion and Its
Application, JAERI-Research 96-059, 1996.
11. Budnitz, R., et al., An Approach to the Quantification of Seismic
Margins in Nuclear Power Plants, NUREG/CR-4334, 1985.
12. Newton R. Anderson, "Seismic Unresolved Safety Issues," Nuclear
Engineering and Design, 107, pp. 3-11, 1988.
13. J. W. Reed, R. P. Kennedy, and B. Lashkari, Analysis of
High-Frequency Seismic Effects, EPRI TR-102470, 1993.
14. Newmark, N. M. and Hall, W. J., Development of Criteria for
Seismic Review of Selected Nuclear Power Plants,
NUREG/CR-0098, 1978.
15. USNRC, Design Response Spectra for Nuclear Power Plants,
Regulatory Guide 1.60, 1973.
16. ASCE, Seismic Analysis of Safety-Related Nuclear Structures and
Commentary, ASCE 4-98, 1999.
17. R. P. Kennedy, D. A. Wesley and W. H. Tong, Probabilistic
Evaluation of the Diablo Canyon Turbine Building Seismic Capacity
Using Nonlinear Time History Analyses, Prepared for Pacific Gas
& Electric Company, Report No. 1643.1, 1988.
18. Takeda, T., Sozen, M. A., and Nielsen, N. N., "Reinforced Concrete
Response to Simulated Earthquakes," Journal of the Structural
Division, ASCE, 96(12), pp. 2257-2573, 1970.
19. N. M. Newmark, "Inelastic Design of Nuclear Reactor Structures
and Its Implications on Design of Critical Equipment," SMiRT-4, K
4/1, 1977.
20. N. M. Newmark and R. Riddell, "A Statistical Study of Inelastic
Response Spectra," Proc. of the 2nd US Conference on Earthquake
Engineering," Stanford University, 1979.
21. R. P. Kennedy, S. A. Short, K. L. Merz, F. J. Tokarz, I. M. Idriss,
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M. S. Power, and K. Sadigh, Engineering Characterization of
Ground Notion, NUREG/CR-3805,1984.
22. USNRC, Standard Review Plan for the Reviewof Safety Analysis
Reports for Nuclear Power Plants, 1981.
23. ASME, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Div. 1,
Subsection NE, 1986.
24. ACI, Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete, ACI
318-99, 1999.
25. ACI, Code Requirements for Nuclear Safety Related Concrete
Structures, ACI 349-83, 1983.
26. AISC, Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of
Structural Steel for Buildings, 8th Edition, 1980.
27. USNRC, Reactor Safety Study, WASH-1400, NUREG-73/041, 1975.
28. R. P. Kennedy, M. K. Rvindra, "Seismic Fragilities for Nuclear
Power Plant Risk Studies," Nuclear Engineering and Design, 79,
pp.47-68, 1984.
29. R. P. Kennedy, C. A. Cornell, R. D. Campbell, S. Kaplan, and H. F.
Perla, "Probabilistic Seismic Safety Study of an Existing Nuclear
Power Plant," Nuclear Engineering and Design, 59, pp.315-338, 1980.
30. R. Haviland, A Study of the Uncertainties in Fundamental
Translational Period and Damping Values for Real Building,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1976.
31. A. H. Hadjian et al., "Variability in Engineering Aspects of
Structural Modeling," Proceedings 6th World Conference on
Earthquake Engineering, 1977.
32. Bechtel Corp., Spacial Variation of Earthquake Ground Motion for
Application to Soil-Structure Interaction, EPRI TR-100463, 1992.
33. J. T. Lysmer, et al., SASSI, A Computer Program for Dynamic Soil
Structure Interaction Analysis, 1988.
34. Applied Technology Council, Tentative Provisions for the
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Development of Seismic Regulations for Buildings, ATC 3-06, 1978.
35. ASCE, Uncertainty and Conservatism in the Seismic Analysis and
Design of Nuclear Facilities, 1986.
36. Nam-Ho Lee and Ki-Bum Song, "Seismic Capacity Evaluation of
the Prestre s sed/Reinf orced Concrete Containment, Younggwang
Nuclear Power Plant Unit 5 and 6," Nuclear Engineering and
Design, 192, pp. 189-203, 1999.
37. Ogaki, Y., Kobayashi, M., Takeda, T., Yamaguchi, T., Yoshizaki,
K., and Sugano, S., "Shear Strength Tests of Prestressed Concrete
Containment Vessels," SMiRT 16, J4/3, 1981.
38. T. R. Kipp, D. A. Wesley, and D. K. Nakaki, Seismic Fragilities of
Civil Structures and Equipment Components at the Diablo Canyon
Power Plant, Prepared for Pacific Gas & Electric Company,
Prepared by NTS Engineering, Report No. 1643.02, 1988.
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I.I
X]^1 A)
^ S # ^ ) Vfl l 6 > ^ ^ S J 7 H ^ Seismic
PR A (Probabilistic Risk Assessmnet) ^ SMA (Seismic Margin
Analysis) yov^ °1 &61
«fl tfl^H SPRA-t ( j
PSR(Periodic Safety Review) ^*S^r ^«fl SMA I j -^ ^-§-•§-
CDFM(Conservative Deterministic Failure Margin) yo
1"^ol1--r
tcj-^ HCLPF SJt l
7]7]c] j^
^l SPRA
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1.2
1.2.1 Newmark
7] 71^1 5. 1.
E*!: Kennedy
+2o SAS
ZL -g-
1.5 Hz 14. : 2 ~ 8 Hz
33Hz
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3 I.I
^ S # ^ 7] 7] 4 ^
^ A 71
4-OT3X1
^ 1 ^ 1 4 « ^ %Hr 7o H
1.0-1.5
1.2-2.0
1.5-3.0
1.5-2.5
2.0-5.0
2.5-10.0
1.5-3.0
1.2.2 Riddell-Newmark u
fe Newmark
, Bilinear
, A Q
4.
(1.1)
1.2.3 EPRI
Ir^rt
^ f ^ 7] 7] 4 al
^ ^ Effective Frequency/Effective
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Damping ^ Effective Riddell-Newmark^l
. o]
Ductility)
3. 4-§-^l ^ «L
(1.2)
, \.^ z]- ^ ^
Diablo Canyon
-6.S. S. 1.
, ^]fe Diablo Canyon SPRA^I
1.2 ttj-S.
Structure Type
Shear wallsSafety-related equipment attached
No safety-related equipmentattached
Containment Shell
Median Drift
0.005
0.007
0.0075
0.15
0.15
0.15
0«
0.30
0.30
0.30
1.2.3.1 Effect Frequency/Effective Damping Method
^-^o] Pinching ^AJ-^-
secant / s / /#
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fs ' "* (1.3)
K ^ #,*r 4 4 ^ ^ r 3 N * 1 3 ^j-^ ^ Secant
L4)
secant
(1.5)
fe C
(1.6)
^wl , Afe pinched
5a 4.
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fJf) (1.7)
1.2.3.2 Effective Riddell-Newmark Method
«LS. Riddell-Newmark U " ^ ^
^ - ^ NUREG/CR-3805[6]i^
2«fl 3-
Riddell-Newmark
} o]
Bilinear
r F-,., Pinching^
larger of F ^ or F ; i2
smaller of F& or F;ii
(1.8)
(1.9)
Rigid rangeAmplified acceleration
rangeAmplified velocity range
SaLLJL >«pga F;£=CF[qv-
= 0.10 2-5% damping
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= 0.11 7% damping
= 0.13 10% damping
CF=fKlf when
= 1.0 when /g
(knuckle) ^ ^ 1 4 . rm rv, qa ^ «„
bilinear §>
// = 0.5+ ^ ^ 2 / T 1 (1.10)
1 Pinching^:
JlBi«V c l ^ T ^ ^ ^ ^ t ^ «V *>- F ; il- ^71 ^SH 4^-^] i { ^ i ^ t b
4.
(1.11)
1.3
ZL
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4 . Newmark ^ ^ Riddell-Newmark
-^(Effective Ductility) 4 £ 3 H 4€r ti
^ A ^ ( n ^ 1.1), Effective Frequency/Damping y <^ ^ Effective
Riddell-Newmark
Ductility) ^ s H l 4
1.2). ZL^iAl t«fl^
4 1 ^ °HH^1 ^ ^ ^ l ^ r f e Newmark
Riddell-Newmark yov^°ll yl«fl ^ ^ 3.^1 ^ - ^ - ^ 4 . Effective
Frequency/Effective Damping ^ U Effective Newmark-Riddell ^^
o\] *]•$: ti]E^^oim^l * : ^ 7 i l ^ ^ * i * H A S Effective Newmark-Riddell
5, 3iLi^
(Story Ductility) ^ S H 4 4
44
l 4 a. HCLPF71 ^«)1 44^1 yo^°H 4 ^ HCLPF &•£- t > ^ 4 ^
1.3).
Newmark Ho
v^ ^ Riddell-Newmark ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ ^ ^ S ^ A J £ 1 - 5 I .H
^ 1 1 tb ^^ #$*1 ^ *V^1» 4 4 4-§-4^ ¥ st^ 4)*1 £ ^ >^§]-^.—°i, Effective Frequency/Effective Damping ^ ^ 4 Effective
Riddell-Newmark
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"•§.
4 -
3 ~
2 -
7
/
1
s
s y
Newamrk
i i 1 l l
ss
/ x^
vmark
i i
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Effective Ductility
LI -fi-jg:
5 -i
4 -
3 -
2 -
ive Frequency/DampingEffective RiddelfNewmarkAvei
5 6 7 8 9 20
1.2 ^ 1 ^
System Ductility
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s. 1.3
Factor
Strength
Spectral shape
Damping
Modeling
Modal combinationEarthquake component combination
Soil-structure interactionHorizontal earthquake direction
F i $r
7.47 j
1.25 j 0.22
1.0 i 0.06
1.0 I
1.0 ! 0.05
1.0 i 0.05
1.0 I 0.0
0.9 | 0.0
0.21
0.05
0.06
0.17
-
-
0.0
-
rfl-gfl
1.1
fe- EPRI
80% ^ 6 0 % *
(1.12)
(1.13)
0.05 ~ 0.20^1
^ y > 5 f 7 -0] piCLPF
^. 1.0-
- i : 2.5^
HCLPF ^ #
S^l 0.97 ~ 1.23AS. ^>Efu} ^ tfl 0.26gcP>fe Riddell-Newmark yJ"^°l]^ A l ^
Effective Frequency/Effective Damping
2.04, 1.33AS. HCLPF «!«}] n x}o)7>
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. <>l-b Effective Frequency/Effective Damping
Riddell-Newmark
-2-3. HCLPF ^
1.4
Newmark(mu-1.5)
Newmark(mu=2.5)
RiddelLNe wmark (mu=1.5)
Riddell_Newmark(mu=2.5)EffectiveFrequency/DampingEffectiveRiddell/NewmarkAverage
F,
1.414
1.471
2.041
1.333
1.665
1.499
fir
0.087
0.207
0.101
0.214
0.028
0.032
0.03
fiu
0.065
0.155
0.075
0.161
0.033
0.067
0.05
HCLPF
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Newmark(mu=1.5)
Newmark(mu=2.5)
Riddell_Newmark(mu=1.5)
Riddell_Newmark(mu=2.5)
EffectiveFrequency/Damping
EffectiveRddell/Newmark
Average
1.3
1.4
J
*}-€: HCLPF
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1.4
TT SPRA ^ SMA -r*3 *] HCLPF
Newmark ^ ^ W RiddelLNewmark
l-tfl5g7l-l-
Si 4.
1.6
1. K. Ebisawa, et al., Methodology for Estimating Realistic Response of
Buildings and Components under Earthquake Motion and Its
Application, JAERI-Research 96-059, 1996.
2. N. M. Newmark, "Inelastic Design of Nuclear Reactor Structures and
Its Implications on Design of Critical Equipment," SMiRT-4, K 4/1,
1977.
3. R. P. Kennedy and M. K. Ravindra, "Seismic Fragilities for Nuclear
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Power Plant Risk Studies," Nuclear Engineering and Design, 79,
pp.47-68, 1984.
4. N. M. Newmark and R. Riddell, "A Statistical Study of Inelastic
Response Spectra," Proc. of the 2nd US Conference on Earthquake
Engineering," Stanford University, 1979.
5. John W Reed and Robert P. Kennedy, Methodology for Developing
Seismic Fragilities, EPRI TR-103959, 1994.
6. R. P. Kennedy, S. A. Short, K. L. Merz, F. J. Tokarz, I. M. Idriss,
M. S. Power, and K. Sadigh, Engineering Characterization of Ground
Notion, NUREG/CR-3805,1984.
7. R. P. Kennedy, D. A. Wesley, and W. H. Tong, Probabilistic
Evaluation of the Diablo Canyon Turbine Building Seismic Capacity
Using Nonlinear Time History Analyses, Prepared for Pacific Gas &
Electric Company, Prepared by NTS Engineering, Report No. 1643.1,
1988.
8. Nam-Ho Lee and Ki-Bum Song, "Seismic Capacity Evaluation of
the Prestressed/Reinforced Concrete Containment, Younggwang
Nuclear Power Plant Units 5 and 6," Nuclear Engineering and
Design, 192, pp. 189-203, 1999.
9. M. K. Ravindra, W. PL Tong, T. R. Kipp, and L. J. Bragagnolo,
Seismic and Wind Fragility Evaluation of Kori Nuclear Power Plant
Unit 4, Prepared for NUS Corporation, EQE Project Number:
52042.01, 1991.
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fcd II Ml 2 ©I
D> 5&6SL7]
: CDFM ^ Fragility
El. 83 (
El. 101
El. 124
Material
Concrete compressive strength
Prestressing steel, fPu (fpy)
Reinforcing steel, fy
Design Value
5500 psi @91 days
270 (229.5) ksi
Grade 60 ksi
Median Value
6478 psi
270 (229.5)
ksi
71 ksi
Uncertainty
0.15
0.11
© CDFM HCLPF
• RLE = 0.5 g (SSE = 0.2 g)
• RLE ground response spectrum (7% damping) : NUREG/CR-0098
—>• extending 9 HZ to 15 Hz to include high ferquency
contents
—> cut-off frequency = 33 Hz
-* vertical •' 2/3 of the value in horizontal direction
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13
"•••-•: x jo.
•2
~1!_
vTT--.'--U» :.v
2,2 ,
2 S 0 3
Q
22
21
is
Ms
>V- \J
•!'.•••
LIKE! EL-J3J ' - :
L
•- EL"" I ' 2 ' - 0 "
. . ..i.N
FLOOREL. I 2 2 ' D"
HASEMENT T-OCR-. EL. 86'-3"
s&6 3L7)
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a i.n(io
0.10 1.00
1 1 1 _LRLESpedium uxhmedb] &5|4 7*;
•
y
•A
y*
i
/" ^ *
. , .
-
i
Iii
\
\
V
-
i
10.00
—> dominant frequency : 4.6 Hz (horizontal), 12.1 Hz (vertical)
-> scaling factor : 2.05 (at 4.6 Hz), 1.87 (at 12.1 Hz)
—* other significant modes come from the RCS or internal
structure
• RLE seismic demand ( Ds) at the critical location
Location(ft)
El. 83
El. 101
El. 124
Shear Force
49,337
48,753
47,100
Overturning moment
(ft kips"1)
7,628,485
6,798,546
5,725,091
Vetieal seismic force
(kips)
35,701
35,227
33,734
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interal design basis accident pressure : 57.0 psig
meridional stress due to dead load , and meridional and hoop
stress due to internal pressure
Location (ft)
El. 83
El. 101
El. 124
Meridional (psi) Hoop (psi)
Dead load
-237
-215
-184
Internal pressure internal pressure
516
515
514
25
717
1069
—* thermal stress is not included in the CDFM evaluation because
they are secondary stresses and do not influence the
containment HCLPF capacity
• Shear capacity 5j 7}
D> CDFM ultimate shear capacity
Vv=4> Dc- t w
where, 4> '• strength reduction factor needed to provide an 84%
exceedance probability (= 0.85)
i'u '• ultimate shear stress capacity
xDctvJa '• effective shear area
Dc '• center-line diameter of containment wall
tw '. wall thickness
a '• factor to convert cross sectional area to effective
shear area
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• Scale factor (Fs) sg 7}
Location (ft)
El. 83
El. 101
El. 124
Shear capacity, Vu(x 104 kips)
11.48
15.60
14.53
Seismic demand, Ds
(ft kips"1)
4.934
4.875
4.710
Scale factor, Fs
2.326
1.905
3.084
• smallest scale factor for shear = 1.905 at El. 101
• Flexural capacity evaluation
t> flexural capacity
(evaluated regarding the containment as a simple cantilevered
vessel)
where, Mv '• ultimate moment capacity
( Mv— Mc+ M$+ Mp+ ML)
Mc '• moment capacity of concrete
Ms : moment capacity of reinforcing steel
Mp '• moment capacity of prestressing steel
ML '• moment capacity of liner
S • section modulus
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t> Ultimate moment capacity and seismic demand C
Location(ft)
El. 83
El. 101
El. 124
Capacity, C(x 10b kips-ft)
44.2
40.7
36.0
Demand, Ds
(x 10s kips-ft)6.14
5.47
4.61
Capacity/DemandRatio
7.2
7.4
7.8
t> Fs for flexural > Fs for shear
-> the most critical failure mode of the containment structures
is judged to be the diagonal shear failure
• Inelastic energy absorption capacity evaluation
t> appropriate ductility level for concrete loaded heavily in shear
and compression —» 1.5 - 2.5
t> ductility-modified response spectrum approach (by Newmark)
—> response is reduced by a factor of 1/V 2M~1
D> containment frequency (4.6 Hz), conservative ductility factor
(1.5)
—» inelastic energy absorption factor = 1.41
• HCLPF capacity evaluation
HCLPF = 1.91 x 1.41 x 0.5 g = 1.34 g
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Fragility HCLPF
• fragility method requires seismic loads due to the median
site-specific earthquake of 0.2 g
—>• use site specific spectral shape developed by Risk engineering
for YGN 1&2
"3 :o.o ^.
I.DP
Krpcuenry. cps.
S S E design spectrum & site-specific spectrum
dead load
• Structural capacity factor
— CDFM
t> Strength factor, Fs • ^ S S E o i ] _g_&]o1 H]
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where, 5 : strength of structural member
PN '• normal operating load
PT '• total load
Location (ft)
El. 83
El. 101
El. 124
Capacity, S(kip)
18.00 x 10'
18.62 x 10"
19.36 x 104
Demand, PT—PN
(kip)
2.41 x 104
2.38 x 104
2.30 x 10"
Strength factor, Fs
7.47
7.82
8.42
-> ^-(uncertainty) : 0.21
O Inelastic energy absorption factor, F^
—> effective ductility of containment, ne '• 3.0
(At this ductility, the concrete wall is judged to crack to an
extent that the liner plate lose its anchorage)
F;i = (pxMr-Q)r (Riddell-Newmark Method)
where, p, q, and r '• factor related to the damping of
the structure
-> F, = 2.1 (p, q, and r are 2.67, 1.67 and 0.41 for 7%
damping)
—•* /^(randomness) and /?f;(uncertainty) : 0.22, 0.17
(evaluated by aasuming the ductility in the rigid region as
a lower bound)
• Structure response factor
—> quantify conservatism and unconservatism in the design
analysis process
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t> Spectral shape factor, F5S
j . , _ Design Sa (4.6 Hz, 5% damping)^ ~ Median Sa (4.6 Hz, 7% damping)
-+ F s s = 1.25
-> 0R and j3u : 0.22, 0.05
t> Damping factor, FD
-> FD = 1.0
-> QR and fa : 0.06, 0.06
0 Modeling factor, FM
—* The original design dynamic model is adequate —> FM = 1.0
-> &o • 0.17
t> Modal combination factor, FMC
~> FMC = 1.0
-> /?# : 0.05
D> Earthquake component combination factor, FEc
-> FEC = 1.0
-> B» '• 0 .05
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t> Soil-structure interaction factor, Fss
—> fixed base seismic analysis —• F ^ = 1 . 0
- I3R = 0u = 0.0
D> Horizontal earthquake direction factor, FHD
~> Fm = 0.9
-> aR = o.o
• HCLPF
Factor of Safety
Strength
Inelastic energy absorption
Spectral shape
Damping
Modeling
Modal combination
Earthquake component combination
Soil-structure interaction
Horizontal earthquake direction
F
7.47
2.1
1.25
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
ft?
-
0.22
0.22
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.0
0.0
0.21
0.17
0.05
0.06
0.17
-
-
0.0
_
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= 17.648
t> B*= [£(£*)?]1/2 = 0.325
= 0.329
> Am=a7Ft)x(ASSE) = 17.648 x 0.2 g = 3.53 g
D> = AM-exp[-1.65(j8H-A?)] = 1.2 g
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Ai xl ^ i ^ *^
KAERI/TR-1799/2001
%* 1 *A
IMS ^^151^
# 91- Xl .A. 2001
135 p. Sl-§-( 0 ), &•§•( ) 71 210x297Cm.
0 ),
^ 7 ] . a o V ^ ^ tflo.S. SJ7HJ-J- ^ Silfe
CDFM # ^ FA
. FA ty^-B:^ EPRI
A] ^ CDFM
FA y
, CDFM
HCLPF
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SHEET
Performing Org.Report No.
Sponsoring Org.Report No.
! Standard Report No. INIS Subject Code
KAERI/TR-1799/2001
Title / SubtitleSeismic Margin Analysis Technique for Nuclear Power PlantjStructures !
Project Managerand Department
Jeong-Moon Seodntegrated Safety Assessment Team)
Researcher andDepartment
In-Kil Choidntegrated Safety Assessment Team)
PublicationPlace
Taejon Publisher KAERI PublicationDate
2001
Page 135 p. III. & Tab. Yes(0 ), No ( ) Size210x297
Cm.Note
Classified Open( 0 ), Restricted( ),Class Document
Report Type Technical Report
Sponsoring Org. Contract No.
Abstract 15-20 Lines)In general, the Seismic Probabilistic Risk Assessment
(SPRA) and the Seismic Margin Assessment(SAM) are usedjfor the evaluation of realistic seismic capacity of nuclearpower plant structures.
Seismic PRA is a systematic process to evaluate the seismic safety of nuclearpower plant. In our country, SPRA has been used to perform the probabilistic safetyassessment for the earthquake event. SMA is a simple and cost effective manner toquantify the seismic margin of individual structural elements. This study wasperformed to improve the reliability of SMA results and to confirm the assessmentprocedure. To achieve this goal, review for the current status of the techniques and|procedures was performed.
Two methodologies, CDFM (Conservative Deterministic Failure Margin) sponsoredby NRC and FA (Fragility Analysis) sponsored by EPRI, were developed for theseismic margin review of NPP structures. FA method was originally developed forSeismic PRA. CDFM approach is more amenable to use by experienced design jengineers including utility staff design engineers. In this study, detailed review onjthe procedures of CDFM and FA methodology was performed. j
Subject Keywords(About 10 words)
Seismic Margin Assessment, Nuclear Power Plant Structures,
Seismic Capacity, Fragility Analysis, CDFM, HCLPF