seismic hazard risk microzonation of ahmedabad city
TRANSCRIPT
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SEISMIC HAZARD / RISK MICROZONATION OF AHMEDABAD CITY, GUJARAT
(Progress Report for the Field Season 2003-04)
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SEISMIC HAZARD / RISK MICROZONATION OF
AHMEDABAD CITY, GUJARAT (Progress Report for Field Season 2003-04)
A. K. Saxena, Geologist (Sr.)
Surendra Prasad, Geologist (Sr.)
D. N. Fulzele, Assistant Geologist
C O N T E N T
Page No.
ABSTRACT Hindi English
1. INTRODUCTION 1
Climate 2
Physiography and Drainage 2
Previous Work 3
Acknowledgement 3
2. SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY OF THE AREA 4
3. DISCUSSION ON STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT) 7
4. GROUND WATER 10
5. LAND USE 13
6. SEISMOTECTONIC SETUP 16
7. SOILS 17
8. DISCUSSION ON ‘N’ VALUES 19
9. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 21
LOCALITY INDEX 23
REFERENCES 25
LIST OF ANNEXURE
I. Subsurface lithologcal log of 30 borehole 28
II. ‘N’ value of the SPT conducted in southern part of Ahmedabad city 41
III. List of Borehole drilled in Ahmedabad city for Standard Penetration Test 53
IV. Results of Analysis of Quaternary Sediments - Samples from 56 Ahmedabad City During SPT Work
PLATES
1. Depth to Ground water level map of part of Ahmedabad city, Gujarat
(D. O. No. GSI, WR, EQ, Divn./ D. O. 15/05).
2. Landuse map of Ahmedabad city and surrounding area, Gujarat (D.
O. No. GSI, WR, EQ, Divn./ D. O. 12/05).
3. Seismotectonic map of Ahmedabad city, Gujarat (D. O. No. GSI,
WR, EQ, Divn./ D. O. 14/05).
4. Soil map of part of Ahmedabad city, Gujarat (D. O. No. GSI, WR, EQ,
Divn./D.O. 13/05).
5. Map showing, SPT ‘N’ value contour map at 3.15 m depth, in parts of
Ahmedabad city, Gujarat (D. O. No. GSI, WR, EQ, Divn./ D. O.
16/05).
6. Interpreted landsat imagery map showing palaeo channel and
population density of Ahmedabad area, Gujarat (D. O. No. GSI, WR,
EQ, Divn./ D. O. 24/2006).
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SEISMIC HAZARD / RISK MICROZONATION OF
AHMEDABAD CITY, GUJARAT
A. K. Saxena, Geologist (Sr.)
Surendra Prasad, Geologist (Sr.)
D. N. Fulzele, Assistant Geologist
A B S T R A C T
During the course of seismic hazard/ risk microzonation study of
Ahmedabad city, Gujarat, seismotectonic map, ground water level map,
soil map and land use map were compiled. Besides, the Standard
Penetration Test ( SPT ) with a truck mo unted drill machine were carried
out in southern part of Ahmedabad city. The area covered during SPT
investigation falls in toposheet nos 46A/8 & 12 and 46B/5 & 9 and it
consists of fluvial and aeolian sediments of Quaternary age.
While carrying out Standard Penetration Test, a total of 30 boreholes
each up to 30 meters depth were drilled. The borehole locations were
planned at an average interval of 2.5 to 3 Km distance to cover the area
inside the Ring Road of AUDA Plan 2011(Ahmedabad Urban Development
Agency) of Ahmedabad city within the limit of proposed target of 100
boreholes. Different types of lithological units were noticed during the
course of drilling for the SPT. These units are mainly dark brown coloured
silty soil and silt, medium to coarse grained sand and clay in ascending
order. These units do not exactly occur in order of their superposition but
follow more or less same pattern of occurrence as indicated above. It has
been observed that the SPT value (i.e. ‘N’ Value) or number of blows
increases with increasing depth. Generally 7 to 30 blows were noticed
during the penetration of last 30cm of sampler ( the first 15 cm considered
as sitting) up to 12m depth but further below this value increases to more
than 50 (a refusal value). The 'N' value are by and large affected by the
compaction of sediments, the nature and intensity of kankers occurring in
the sediment and the water level occurring in the column. Many kanker
beds and alluvial fill deposits (grits, gravels and pebbles) were noticed
below 10 m depth which sometimes did not allow the auger drill to
penetrate down and the drilling operation had to be suspended. Perched
water table zones (0.5 m to 3.00m thick) were also encountered in majority
of boreholes between 5 m to 23 m depth. 99 sediment samples were
submitted to geotechnical lab for geotechnical analysis. These samples
were analysed for grain size analysis, Atterberg’s limits etc. ‘N’ value
contour map along with water level contour map were prepared.
The analysis of the SPT data and ground water level map indicate
the occurrence of an east - west trending sector which has depth to water
level less than 10m and as such is potentially susceptible to liquefaction.
The Mani Nagar area is located in the eastern part of this zone which is
also characterized by 'N' value less than 10 at SPT conducted at 3.15 to
3.45 m depth. The combination of low N value and shallow ground
water explain the greater seismic hazard potential of the Mani Nagar
area which suffered a heavy damage during by Bhuj earthquake of 26t h
January, 2001.
1. INTRODUCTION
The area under investigation consists mainly southern and partly
central part of Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA) plan
2011 and bounded by proposed ring road (Plate. 1). The area forms a part of
Cambay rift basin and falls in Survey of India toposheet No. 46A/8, 12 and
46B/5 and 9.
Ahmedabad is one of the oldest and fast growing cit ies of India. It
was famous for textile industry in the past but recently it has again come in
limelight due to devastating Bhuj (Kachchh) earthquake of 26t h January
2001 when this disaster affected large number of human lives and damaged
numerous multistoried buildings of the city.
To minimize the socio- economic losses from the earthquake hazard
under the pre-disaster mitigation planning, the Geological Survey of India
has initiated Seismic Hazard / Risk Microzonation (SHRM) study of
Ahmedabad through its field season programme 2001-2002 with the
objective to prepare seismic hazard / risk microzonation map of Ahmedabad
city, Gujarat. The same work is being continued in the present field season
through FSP 2002-2003. Lithological and geomorphological maps of
Ahmedabad city were compiled during FS 2002-2003. During FS 2003-2004
compilation of land use map, seismo tectonic map, groundwater level map
and soil maps, mainly of southern and central part of Ahmedabad city, was
taken up, along with Standard Penetration Test (SPT) for soils.
The significant component of SHRM is standard penetration test
(SPT) which was carried out by manual operation at 8 locations upto 5 m
depth during FS 2002- 03. However, during the FS 2003-04 the Standard
Penetration Test was conducted with a truck mount ed SPT assembly at an
average interval of about 2.5 to 3 km. During the course of present work
boreholes each extending upto 30 m depth were drilled in southern and
central parts of Ahmedabad city and 99 samples of Quaternary sediments
2
were submitted for geotechnical characterization of foundation soil, which
included Atterberg Limits, Grain size analysis, moisture content and
Specific Gravity (Annexure-IV).
The results of SHRM, when completed during FS 2004-05, will
provide information on soil type vis -à- vis vulnerability of the foundation
for earthquake and classify the city areas for following specific provision of
code of construction by BIS. The scientific report after integrating
geophysical inputs including ground water data will be of immense use for
town planners and colonizers for further urbanization. It may be helpful in
colonization of the city and observing the precautionary measures to be
adopted before putting the foundation of multistoried buildings.
Climate
In general the humid climate prevails in the Ahmedabad area. The city
Ahmedabad is located not very far off from the sea, so it remains quite hot
in the summer and pleasant during the winter. Summer begins from March
and lasts upto the end of June or before monsoon sets in the area. The
southwest monsoon enters the area somewhere in the mid of June. Thus the
rainy season starts from July and continues up to September. The winter
season remains from October to February during which the days remain hot
but nights are considerably cool. In summer the temperature goes up to
about 47°C and in winter it goes down to around 4°C. The average rainfall
of the area is 635 cm.
Physiography and Drainage
The Ahmedabad city has been developed on either side of the alluvial
deposits of Sabarmati river. The area forms more or less flat land
topography with the major contour intervals at 60, 40 and 20 metres. The
study area is occupied by the sediments of Sabarmati river and aeolian
3
sands which were subsequently oxidized and pedogenised. Sometimes the
aeolian sand forms low height undulating topography.
Sabarmati river is flowing at the heart of the Ahmedabad city from
NE to SW direction with its meandering nature. Banks of the Sabarmati
towards Gandhinagar and Airport side are highly dissected with numerous
gullies and ravines. In southern side, depositional terraces have been
observed. Landsat imageries show many palaeochannels of the Sabarmati
and its shifting course from north to south (Plate 6).
Previous Work
No seismic hazard / risk microzonation work of Ahmedabad city was
ever carried out. Geological Survey of India for the first time initiated this
study in F.S. 2001 (Mathur and Saxena, 2006a, b). Geological, geo-
seismological, and geomorphological studies were carried out by Oldham
(1928), Venkatappays (1954), Taylor and Pathak (1956), Balasundaram et.
al. (1970), Das Gupta and Jain (1984), Ghevariya (1980, 81, 83), Sareen and
Bhatnagar (1984), Vijayasarthi (1984), Vijayasarthi and Sable (1984),
Radhakrishnan (1989), Sareen and Raghav (1993), Dharuman et al., (1993),
Chung (1995), Rajendra and Rajendaran (1998), Bhatia et al. (1999), Narula
et al., (2000) and Rai & Bahuguna (2001).
Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to Dr. M. R. Kalsotra, Sr. Dy. D.G. GSI, WR
for providing logistic support to carryout the SHRM study in the
Ahmedabad area. They are also indebted to Shri R. K. Saxena, Director,
Earthquake Geology Divisio n, GSI (WR) for providing the technical
guidance, supervising the work, and scrutiny of the report.
4
2. SUB-SURFACE GEOLOGY OF THE AREA
In the FS 2003-04, total 30 boreholes (auger assembly with the SPT)
were drilled with each borehole reaching upto 30 m depth. These boreholes
intersected mainly medium to coarse grained sand, siltstone and clay with
disseminated, different sizes of kankars. Broadly the sub-surface litho-
assemblage noticed in the southern urban development area of the
Ahmedabad city are as fo llows :
Unit Nos.
Lithology Approximate depth from
surface
Age
4 Black to dark brown humus , sandy / silty soil. <3.00 m Recent
3 Silt, silty clay yellowish brown in colour with friable to hard whitish colour kankar.
3.00 m to 10.00 m or 12.00 m.
Holocene
2 Fresh, light colour, fine, medium to coarse grained sand with very hard grits, pebbles and kankars.
12.00 m to 15.00 m or 18.00 m.
-do-
1 Mainly sticky clay with sometimes alter nation of silty clay and coarse grained sand.
18.00 m to 30.00 m
-do-
Detail Description of Lithounits
Unit-4
Almost every borehole (excepting a few e.g., borehole no. AMD-12,
AMD-15 and AMD-17) exhibits / shows this lithology. Such sediments
occur between surface to about three metres depth. I t contains large amount
of humus in the upper part. It is easily identifiable in field by its typical
blackish colour. The sediments are suitable for agriculture. Grain size varies
from clay to silt to medium grained sand. It contains lot of moisture at
places. Kankar formation is poor in it. The unit shows very low ‘N’ values
(3 to 11).
5
Unit-3
This unit is gradually underlain by either silt or silty clay with friable
to compact irregular shaped kankars. The sediments are generally yellowish
brown in colour , poor ly compacted and lithified. These reflect certain
degree of oxidation and calcification. At greater depth, kankars are
observed as forming kankar bed through which the augur drill penetrates
with great difficult y. Its depth varies from 3 to 12 m from surface.
Sometimes purched water table is noticed in this zone. Normally the ‘N’
value recorded in this unit varies from 12 to 46 but in some cases it crosses
50 (i.e. the refusal value).
Unit-2
This zone contains variable sediments. The dominating sediment of
this zone are fine, medium to coarse grained sand and kankar. The lithology
is either a cleane d or whitish sand . It contains grits , pebble and kankars.
Sometimes these horizons form a thin bed. When these components are held
together with calcareous cement, they form a very hard bed. This exerts
very high resistance to auger drilling as well as SPT. The ‘N’ value noticed
in the zone varies from 46 to 111 except in borehole no. 6, 11, 12, 13 and
16. The ‘N’ values go as high as 80 to 90, even hundred plus. Sometimes,
the auger does not penetrate without pouring of additional wate r from the
top.
Unit – 1
The lower most zone in majority of boreholes is characterized by
reddish – brown sticky clay. These clay beds are generally very hard and
compact, and come out as cylindrical core. SPT shows high ‘N’ value in it.
Sometimes loose clay dark brown in colour has also been observed. Clay
6
contains kankars in form of dissemination or in thin bedded form in several
levels. ‘N’ values are very high in compact clay beds.
The zone also contains bands of silty clay, silt and coarse grained
sand occasionally and intermittently. But in most of the cases ‘N’ values are
usually high (40 to + 50 i.e. more than refusal values).
99 samples of Quaternary sediments, encountered at different depths
in the borehole s drilled for SPT, were submitted for geotechnical analysis.
The results of analysis of these samples, which include grain size analysis,
Atterberg's limit etc. are given in Annexure-IV. The majority of the
sediment samples are non-plastic. The value of moisture content does not
represent original in situ moisture of the sediment.
7
3. DISCUSSION ON STANDARD PENETRATION TEST
Auger drilling with a truck mounted machine was carried out for the
Standard Penetration Test. AW rods with a sampler of 0. 45 m length and
with a hammer of 65 kg weight have been used in carrying out the SPT.
Standard Penetration Test is the most commonly used in situ test,
especially for cohesionless soils (sand, silt) which cannot be easily sampled.
SPT is conducted in a borehole using split -spoon sampler of 0. 45 m length.
When the borehole has been drilled to the desired depth (1 m, 1.55 m and
2.55 m etc. ) the drilling tools are removed and the sampler is lowered to the
bottom of the hole. The sampler is driven into the sediments by a drop
hammer of 65 kg. weight falling through a height of 75 cm. The number of
hammer blows required to drive the sampler through 15cm of the sample /
soil sediment is counted. The same process is repeated thrice. The number
of blows recorded for the first 15 cm is disregarded or considered as sitting
value. The number of blows recorded for the last two 15 cm (i.e. total of 30
cm) intervals are added to give Standard Penetration Number (i.e. ‘N’
value).
A total of 30 boreholes were drilled upto 30 m depth (Annexure-I ) in
the central and southern part of the Ahmedabad city. The Standard
Penetration Test was conducted in each borehole at regular interval. The
recorded ‘N’ values are shown in the Annexure-I I as N R. The ‘N C’ represent
corrected ‘N’ values, in case the stratum consists of fine sand and silt,
occurs below water table and shows ‘N R’ values grea ter than 15.
Below surface , the recorded ‘N’ values (N R) are governed by the
nature of cohesion o f sediments, consolidation / compactness of the
sediment, nature and frequency of the occurrence of kankar and overburden
pressure of the sediment (i.e., depth factor). Upto a shallow depth (say 0.0
to 5.45 m) where the sediments are loosely compacted and the kankar
formation is also less, the ‘NR ’ value is 4 to 24, except in borehole no 8, 18,
8
19, 21, 24 and 25 where it is bit high, say 27 to 36. This NR value has
increased with depth. Between 5 to 10 m depth it has recorded within a
range of 14 to 50 but after 10 m depth it has gone beyond the refusal value
(i.e. 50 in nos.) with a few exceptions.
The Quaternary sediments are thick in Ahmedabad area (i.e. 400 m).
The water table is also very deep. Almost every borehole has touched the
perched ground water level at shallow depth (different depth in different
borehole, Table-1). In general in the southeastern part of AUDA, the
perched water table is noticed at shallower depth. For example it has
recorded in Chandola Talav area at 8.50 m depth, Yoshodanagar at 6 meter
depth, near Isanpur at 10.45 m depth and in Maninagar at 7.30 m depth. So
these areas are suggested as susceptible when lique faction due to earthquake
comes to an appreciable magnitude. Shallow water level has also been
recorded in Juhapura area (near Sa rkhe j) which is also equally susceptible
to lique faction. In majority of places, it occurs from 10.45 m to 20 metres
depth. At few places , it has been recorded between 23.0 m to 25.0 m depth,
for example, Kotda Dariyapur in Bapunagar area (B. No. 26) at 23.00 m
depth, Laxmipur (B. No. 19) near Lambha mandir at 22.35 m depth and
Suresh farm area (B. No. 11) at 25 m depth. In borehole nos. 20, 21, 24, 25,
29 and 30 no water level has been touched. The aforesaid water levels are
not susceptible to water discharge for drinking water, but these are
susceptible to lique faction during earth shacking, subject to other
geotechnical parameters
Distribution of Lithounits
Ahmedabad area consists of almost flat land topography occupied by
either fluvial sediments or Aeolian sediments. In most of the boreholes, the
top about 3 m sediments generally consist of sand, silty or clayey humous
soil which is often blackish or dark brown in colour, highly oxidised
containing lot of vegetal matter and remain unconsolidated (Annexure-I ).
9
This unit has been noticed in Isanpur (AMD-1), Ghorasar (AMD-2),
Yashoda Nagar (AMD-3), Sindhvai Mata area (AMD-4), Hadkeshwar
(AMD-5), Maninagar (AMD- 6 & 7), Dani limda Naral (AMD-7),
Someshwar Mahadeav (AMD- 8) , old Chandala Octroi Naka (AMD-9),
Alahanagar (AMD-10), Suresh form (AMD-11), Makarba Road Sarkhjej,
Lakshmipur (AMD-19), Odhav (AMD- 20), Sarkhej (AMD- 17 & 29),
Rakhiyal (AMD-18), Maninagar (AMD-22), Gandhigram Rly. station area
(AMD-23), Nikhola village (AMD- 24), Birat Nagar (AMD- 25), Bapunagar
(AMD-26), S ahispur Boga (AMD- 28). Some times, at somewhat higher
level, aeolian deposits form the cover sediment which has neither
pedogenised nor contains much vegetal matter. This unit is observed at
Vasna – Jahapura area (AMD-12, 13, 15), Fatehwadi (AMD- 16), southern
part of Sarkhej (AMD- 17) etc. Below this horizon, zones of silt, sand and
silty / sandy clay are met with which in majority of cases have very
nonuniform occurrence and cannot be correlated. These sediments are
generally rich in kankar (Table- 1 and Plate. 1 & 2). The next very important
unit is sticky clay, occurring generally at 12 to 15 m depth but encountered
in almost every borehole (Annexure-I ). It has reddish brown colour, is
highly compact and does contain kankars in between. This unit is very hard
and gives the ‘N’ value beyond refusal.
10
4. GROUND WATER
During the course of drilling for Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
ground water has been encountered in many boreholes at different depths
(Table-1, Plate. 1). The ground water level in different boreholes varies
from less than 1 0 m bgl to more than 20 m bgl (Table -1 ). Similarly the
thickness of aquifer zone varies from place to place. Medium to coarse
grained sand is the most common aquifer in the area. A depth to ground
water level map has been prepared (Plate-1) which shows (1) areas with
ground water occurring at less than 10 m depth (2) areas with ground water
occurring between 10 and 20 m depth and (3) areas with ground water
occurring at more than 20 m depth.
A. Areas with ground water less than 10 m depth
The area with ground water at less than 10 m depth extends in E-W
direction from west of Prakashnagar to east of Sarkhej (Plate 1). This also
includes parts of Jawahar nagar. The Kankaria Talav and Chandola Talav
are located within this zone of shallow ground water which is approximately
bisected by Sabarmati river which flows in south- westerly direction.
Another small area with ground water occurring at less than 10m occurs in
the south-eastern part of the city where Yahewa Nadi flows through it. This
smaller area of shallow ground water is separated by the main area of
shallow ground water by the zone of intermediate ground water in which the
ground water occurs between 10 m and 20 m depth.
B. Area with ground water from 10 m to 20 m depth
The area with ground water level from 10 m to 20 m also trends in
east-west direction and encompasses the zone of shallow ground water as
described above . It is wider in the eastern part and includes Jamalpura and
part of Kalupura. This zone extends in the area west of Sabarmati river
where locations like Ashok Nagar, Anand Nagar and part of Jawahar Nagar
11
are included in it. This zone tapers down in the west where it also includes
the area of Sarkhej.
C. Areas with ground water at more than 20 m depth
In many boreholes groundwater is encountered at depths exceeding 20
m. Such areas are demarcated separately as zone of deep ground water
(Plate 1). Areas with ground water level more than 20 m occur north of
Ashok Nagar, part of Kalupur and in the area around Lal Bahadur Shastri
stadium. This zone probably extends upto south of Aerodrome / Airport.
In borehole no. AMD-3, the ground water is encountered at a shallow
depth of 6 m, whereas in borehole no. AMD 19, the groundwater is
encountered at the maximum depth of 22.35 m. In a few boreholes ground
water has not been encountered upto the closing depth of borehole, i.e. 30 m
e.g. borehole no. 20, 21, 24, 25, 29 and 30 . The thickness of aquifer varies
from place to place in different boreholes. In borehole no AMD-4 and
AMD-26 the thickness of aquifer is 1 m each. In some boreholes the
thickness of aquifer increases to the order of 10 to 12 m as in borehole no
AMD-2, AMD-11 and AMD-12 (Table 1). In the aquifer zone , the N value
shows a declining trend owing to poor compaction and resistance of the
saturated sediments.
TABLE-1 : SHOWING 'N' VALUE DATA OF SPT, AND GROUND WATER LEVELS OF 30 BOREHOLES DRILLED IN SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PARTS OF AHMEDABAD CITY, GUJARAT
Borehole → No. A
MD-
1
AM
D-2
AM
D-3
AM
D-4
AM
D-5
AM
D-6
AM
D-7
AM
D-8
AM
D-9
AM
D-1
0
AM
D-1
1
AM
D-1
2
AM
D-1
3
AM
D-1
4
AM
D-1
5
AM
D-1
6
AM
D-1
7
AM
D-1
8
AM
D-1
9
AM
D-2
0
AM
D-2
1
AM
D-2
2
AM
D-2
3
AM
D-2
4
AM
D-2
5
AM
D-2
6
AM
D-2
7
AM
D-2
8
AM
D-2
9 A
MD
-30
S. N
o.
Depth of SPT (m)
↓ 1 1.15 1.45 7 7 9 6 8 7 14 17 8 4 8 125 11 10 10 38 13 9 18 10 16 21 10 11 15 7 3 1 11 14
2 3.15 3.45 9 10 11 12 8 10 12 19 9 11 7 15 12 8 11 15 16 18 17 14 27 14 26 16 8 8 1 13 27 19
3 5.15 5.45 14 13 24 21 17 17 12 33 17 21 14 19 19 16 7 15 21 29 27 24 33 21 20 33 36 13 6 21 21 27
4 7.15 7.45 15 22 23 15 22 16 25 43 29 32 30 12 50 20 35 15 44 47 37 17 50 26 19 41 43 24 17 21 23 32
5 9.15 9.45 19 28 - 52 34 39 24 44 44 47 27 14 26 50+ 37 17 50 50+ 32 38 50+ 20 45 43 41 51 17 29 37 37
6 12.15 12.45 30 76 63 50 43 45 47 29 59 51 28 23 37 50+ 54 26 50+ 51 50+ 40 56+ 24 50+ 50 51+ 54 28 34 50
Depth to water level (mostly perched WT)
(m)
→ 10.45 17 6 18 14 14 18 18.50 9 19.25 8 8 20 14 5.30 19 16 17 22 - - 19.50 17.50 - - 23 7.3 20 - -
Thickness of aquifer
(approximately) (m)
→ 5 10-12 >4 1 4 6 2-3 7-8 5-5 5 10 10 3 5 2 5 5 1.5 & 3 1.65 - - 5 7 - - 1 3 2 - -
12
5. LAND USE
The city of Ahmedabad is a very old and unique city and is the capital
of Gujarat State and also the district headquarter. It is named after Sultan
Ahmedad Shah, who founded it in 1411 AD. It is reckoned as a great textile
and commercial centre and was known as the Manchester of India.
A landuse map (Plate-2) is prepared with the help of landsat imagery
and field checks, pertaining mainly to the area under study during the
course of drilling boreholes for SPT of the soil. Much of the city is covered
by Quaternary sediments and as such the major landuse is habitation and
industries (Plate 2) besides, agriculture / cultivation, forest, water bodies
and open grounds are also other landuse patterns. Main landuse are briefly
described below.
A. Habitation, fairely dense, mainly residential
This is the predominant landuse observed in the Ahmedabad city.
There are a number of colonies and various housing societies on either side
of the Sabarmati river. The habitation in this area is fairly dense,
concentrated and this zone is the central zone of the Ahmedabad area.
B. Habitation, generally sparse, residential cum cultivation
On the outer side of the above described zone, the outer area of
Ahmedabad city can be classified as habitation which is not as dense as the
area described above. Moreover, it is generally residential cum cultivation
in the sense that small scale cultivation of cereals, vegetables, and
horticulture are done locally. These are newly developing areas around old
and modernized villages.
13
14
C. Industries / Commercial
Large number of industries, particularly textile are located in the
Ahmedabad city since British times. The industries are located in the area
generally east of Sabarmati river in different clusters.
D. Water Bodies
Sabarmati river is like lifeline for the Ahmedabad city and it flows in
south-westerly direction. Recently, with the release of water from Narmada
canal into Sabarmati river the availability of water has improved. There are
few ponds or lakes in the city namely Chandola Talav, Kankaria lake, etc.
There are large number of small ponds scattered near villages in outer part
of the Ahmedabad city.
E. Agriculture / Cultivation and Forest
Small scale agriculture / cultivation of cereals, vegetables and flowers
(horticulture) are observed in outer parts of Ahmedabad city particularly in
the areas adjacent to Sabarmati river such as south of Jawahar nagar, south
of Sarkhej, around Lambha and similarly around other villages in the outer
part of Ahmedabad city which are also described as “Habitation, generally
sparse, residential cum cultivation” (B’ -above). The growing need of land
for housing purposes is slowly closing down the activity of cultivation as
the city is expanding in suburban areas.
F. Miscellaneous
Other important landuse in the city includes sewage farm in the south
western part, open grounds or park or fallow, roads and railways, etc. The
Ahmedabad Airport is located in the north-eastern part of the city and the
city railway station is located in the central part of the city which is known
as Kalupur area.
15
Based on geotechnical characteristics of subsurface lithologies and
the associated ‘N’ values, recommendations on landuse, particularly
suitability of foundation for various category of houses and buildings would
be discussed in the final report on Seismic Hazard / Risk Microzonation of
Ahmedabad City which would include a seismic hazard / risk microzonation
map of Ahmedabad.
An interpreted landsat imagery map showing palaeochannel and
population density of Ahmedabad area has been attempted (Plate-6). The
map shows that the interpreted palaeochannels occur in the vicinity of
Sabarmati river. Incidentally, the location of palaeochannels also coincides
with the thickly populated areas.
16
6. SEISMOTECTONIC SET UP
The seismotectonic map of Ahmedabad area (Plate-3) is based on the
Seismotectonic Atlas (Narula et al., 2000) and some other related
informations obtained from the lineament map of Gujarat. The entire
Ahmedabad area falls within the Cambay graben tectonic zone. A few
lineaments traverse through the area which trend NW-SE and NE-SW. Some
minor lineaments trending in NNW-SSE direction are also observed. The
lineaments seem to have influenced the drainage pattern in the area.
However, faults have not been encountered in the Quaternary sediments
during the course of investigation. The value of bouguer gravity is zero in
the north eastern part of the city and (+10) in the cent ral part of the city
(Plate 3) . The trend of bouguer gravity contours in the area is NW-SE. As
per the historical record two earthquakes of moderate magnitude (M- 3)
occurred in 1840 and 1843 in the eastern part of the city, beyond Ring Road
and in the area east of Vastrol.
17
7. SOILS
Different types of soils occur in Ahmedabad area (Plate-4). The map
shows lithological distribution of soils, namely, sandy soil, silty soil and
clayey soil as well as taxonomic classification of soils which is used by
agriculture scientists. The lithologica l distribution of soils is based on the
data collected during drilling 30 boreholes in the central and southern parts
of Ahmedabad city for SPT, whereas the taxonomic classification of soils is
adapted from the soil atlas prepared by the National Bureau of Soil Survey
and Landuse Planning (ICAR), 1994.
A. Lithological Distribution of Soil types :
1. Sandy soil: The sandy soil occurs along Sabarmati river as levee
deposits and over-bank deposits covering parts of Fatehpur, Jawahar nagar
and Sarkhej.
2. Silty soil: Silty soil occurs mostly in the area east of Sabarmati
river and includes localities such as Mani Nagar, Prakash N agar, parts of
Jamalpur and also in the area north and south of Lalbahadur Shastri
stadium. Kankaria and Chandola Talavs are located in th is zone.
3. Clayey soil: The clayey soil occurs mainly in the area west of
Sabarmati river. Large expanses covering Ayojan Nagar, south of
Navrangura, University area and the area north of Sarkhej are by and large
found to expose clayey soil. Clayey soil also occurs in the area west of
Chandola Talav.
B. Taxonomic Distribution of Soil types
The taxonomic distribution of soil types is used by agricultural
scientist and is adapted from the soil atl as prepared by the National Bureau
of Soil Survey and Landuse Planning (ICAR), 1994. Two types of soils are
described in the Ahmedabad area :-
18
(1) Soil along Sabarmati river on both sides :- Very deep moderately
well drained, calcareous fine loamy soil on very gently sloping flood plane
with slight erosion and slight salinity; associated with deep moderately well
drained, calcareous fine soil with slight erosion and slight salinity.
Taxonomic Nomenclature
Fine loamy, mixed (calcalreous), hyperthermic typic ustifluve nts to
fine mixed (calcareous) hyperthermic fluventic ustochrepts.
2. The second soil type in the Ahmedabad area occurs in the remaining part
of the area. This soil is deep, well- drained, fine loamy soil on very gently
sloping alluvial plane with slight erosion and slight salinity, associated with
deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, fine soil on gently sloping lands
with moderate erosion.
Taxonomic Nomenclature
Fine loamy, mixed calcalreous hyperthermic typic ustochrepts.
19
8. DISCUSSION ON ‘N’ VALUES
‘N’ values for the SPT conducted in 30 boreholes at 3.15 m to 3.45 m
depth are plotted on the map and contours are drawn in order to classify the
area and study from the point of view of geotechnical characteristic s of
foundation media (Plate- 5) . Since foundation of most of the houses and
other buildings are not required to be placed at depths greater than 3 m, the
‘N’ values around this depth provide valuable information on the
engineering properties of the foundation soil. It is clear from Table 1, that
there is wide variation in the ‘N’ values. In borehole no. AMD 5, AMD 11,
AMD 25, etc. the ‘N’ value is 7 to 8, whereas the highest ‘N’ value of 26 to
27 is observed in borehole nos. AMD 21, AMD 23 and AMD 29. Three
zones have been delineated based on the ‘N’ values (Plate 5).
A. Zone with ‘N’ Value less than 10
The zone with ‘N’ values less than 10 occurs in the area east of
Sabarmati river and extends in approximately N-S direction. In the southern
part, it partly over laps the area in which ground water is encountered at
shallow depth i.e. less than 10 m depth. This overlapping area extends from
Kankaria Talav to Cha ndola Talav and includes localities of Maninagar
where maximum damage occurred during Bhuj earthquake of Jan, 2002 and
part of Prakash Nagar where maximum damage was reported during Bhuj
earthquake of 26 Jan, 2001. This zone with ‘N’ value less than 10 overlaps
the area with ground water level between 10 to 20 m and also the area with
ground water level more than 20 m in the northern part.
This zone of ‘N’ value less than 10 is important for consideration
while placing foundation of houses, since low ‘N’ values indicate poor
compaction and may require remedial measures for stability. The sector
where this zone overlaps the area of shallow ground water (less than 10 m),
is particularly significant, since it becomes potentially susceptible to
liquefaction. The Maninagar area is located in the eastern part of this zone
20
which is characterised by shallow ground water and ‘N’ values less than 10.
The combination of low ‘N’ values and shallow ground water explain the
greater seismic hazard potential of this area which suffered heavy damage
associated with Bhuj earthquake of 26t h January 2001. Based on these
parameters we can explain the heavy damage suffered by the houses located
in Maninagar area as compared to the surrounding localities.
B. Zone with ‘N’ Values from 11 to 15
The zone with ‘N’ value 11 to 15 is spread both east and west of
Sabarmati rivers (A-5). It is (the ‘N’ value) wider in the eastern part but
narrows down in the western part around Sarkhej. This zone partly falls in
the area with ground water level at less than 10 m and partly in the area
with ground water level between 10 and 20 m.
The higher ‘N’ value in this zone indicate greater compaction of the
foundation soil and thus indicating relatively better suitability as foundation
medium.
C. Area with ‘N’ Value 16 to 20
Another area exhibiting ‘N’ value from 16 to 20 can be demarcated
mainly in the area west of Sabarmati river (Plate 5). This is subparalle l to
the trend of above described zone of ‘N’ value 11 to 15.
An undefined area with ‘N’ values more than 20 is also indicated in
the area west of Sabarmati river. The higher ‘N’ value indicates strata of
greater compaction and greater stability from the point of view of planning
foundation of houses and other buildings.
21
9. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
1. The seismic hazard / risk microzonation work of Ahmedabad city
included compilat ion of seismotectonic map, Landuse map, ground
water level map, soil map and drilling of 30 boreholes with truck
mounted auger drill machine and SPT assembly. During the
operational period the ‘N’ value (no. of blows) were noted and
Quaternary sediment samples were collected for geotechnical studies
such as grain size analysis, moisture content, void ratio attenburgs
limit, density, specific gravity and shear wave velocity.
2. During current field season programme 30 borehole upto 30 meter
depth were drilled out and Standard Penetration Test (SPT) were also
conducted at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 meters depth
respectively.
3. These boreholes were drilled in southern parts of Ahmedabad city at
Isanpur, Ghorasar, Yashoda Nagar, Nikole village, Maninagar, Bapu
Nagar, Rakhiyal Char Rasta, Laxminagar, Sarkhej, Vasna, and
Memnagar areas.
4. The borehole data and SPT materials (sub-surface sediments) indicate
both cohesive soil and non- cohesive soil. The first 2 to 3 metres
consist of sandy / silty dark grey to dark brown humid soil. About 3
to 10 metres sediments consist mainly of cohe sionless silt and sand
with disseminated kankars. 10 meters below, the Quaternary
sediments consists of fresh riverine sand and sticky clay horizon.
Sometimes kankar bed, grit s and pebble beds have also been
encountered in different boreholes at variable depths .
5. During the SPT, the ground water table has been encountered at different
levels in different boreholes. These water levels are perched water level
22
type. These occur at very shallow depth i.e. 6 meters to 23 metres depth.
Some of the boreholes have not even touched the water table.
6. The SPT data reflect variable ‘N’ (no. of blows) values from surface
to the 30 m depth. In general from 1 to 5 meters the ‘N’ values are
very low i.e. 6 to below 20 but as the depth increases i.e. 5 to 15 m
depth it has gone to above 20 and below 50. In majority of cases
below 15 m depth the refusal ‘N’ values (50+) have been noticed.
7. The combination of low ‘N’ value (<10) and occurrence of ground
water at shallow depth (<10 m depth) in Maninagar area explains the
greater seismic hazard potential of this area which incidentally
suffered heavy damage due to Bhuj earthquake of 26 th Jan. 2001. The
poorly compacted and saturated sediment s were susceptible to
liquefaction resulting in collapse of houses.
8. SPT is an important tool indicating compaction of sediment s and also
nature of sediments. So another 70 boreholes are proposed for the
next year. After completion of SPT work in entire AUDA cit y of
Ahmedabad, it is expected to bring out a very clear picture of the
susceptible areas of earthquake and mitigation process to be adopted
for the city.
23
LOCALITY INDEX
Locality Longitude Latitude
Ahmedabad 72°35′00″ 23°02′30″
Alah Nagar 72°34′49′′ 22°00′06′′
Ambavadi 72°33 ′50″ 23°01 ′00″
Ashok Nagar 72°33 ′30″ 23°01 ′00″
Bapu Nagar 72°37 ′20″ 23°02 ′00″
Birat Nagar 72°38′35′′ 23°01′35′′
Chandola Talav 72°35 ′10″ 22°54 ′10″
Dani Limbda 72°34′06′′ 25°58]36′ ′
Fatehwadi 72°29′18′′ 22°58′47′′
Gandhigram Rly. Station 72°33 ′50″ 23°03 ′20″
Ghorasar 72°36 ′30″ 22°59 ′00″
Hedkeswar 72°37 ′45″ 22°59 ′35″
Isanpur 72°36 ′00″ 22°59 ′00″
Kalupur 72°36 ′00″ 22°01 ′30″
Lakshmipur 72°34′50″ 22°01′40″
Lambha 72°34 ′45″ 22°01 ′00″
Makarba 72°30′45″ 23°55′58″
Maninagar 72°36 ′00″ 22°55 ′55″
24
Locality Longitude Latitude
Memnagar 72°32′20″ 23°03′00″
Naroda 72°39′30″ 23°05′00″
Narol Chaukdi 72°35′30″ 22°58′50″
Nikhola 72°39′44′′ 23°02′13′′
Odhav 72°40′00″ 23°01′35″
Prakash Nagar 72°36′35′′ 22°59’15′ ′
Rakhiyal 72°37′09′′ 23°01′18′′
Sahispur Boga 72°38′35′′ 22°03′35′′
Sarkhej 72°30′00″ 22°59′00″
Sewage fa rm 72°34′00″ 22°59′00″
Sindhwai mata Temple 72°38′00″ 22°59′50″
Someshwar Mahadev 72°33′05′′ 22°58′54′′
Suresh Farm 72°34′18′′ 22°59′29′′
Thaltej 72°30′45″ 23°03′00″
Vallabhnagar 72°39 ′45″ 23°01 ′00″
Vasna 72°32 ′50″ 22°55′59″
Vatva 72°37′00″ 22°57′00″
Yashoda N agar 72°37′55″ 22°57′56″
25
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MATHUR, A. K. and SAXENA, A. K. 2006 (a). Seismic hazard / risk microzonation
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2002-03).
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28
Annexure-I
SUBSURFACE LITHOLOGICAL LOG OF 30 BOREHOLES
30 boreholes were drilled in the southern part of the Ahmedabad city
for Standard penetration Test. During the test the different lithologs in
auger and split sampler were noted. The sub- surface lithologs of the
different borehole areas follows:
Depth range in (m) B.H. No. Locality Lithology From To
Thickness in (m)
AMD-1 Blackish silty soil 0.00 3.00
1 km east of Narol
(near Isanpur) Micaceous, light brown fine grained sand.
3.00 - 5.30 3.00
Medium to coarse grained sand 5.30 - 7.00 2.30
Medium to coarse grained sand (with numerous small kankar, mica flakes )
7.00 - 7.45 1.70
Silty sand with clay in pockets + full of whitish large kankars.
7.45 - 9.00 0.45
Silty clay with kankars large size 9.00 - 10.30 1.55
Kankar bed (did not allow drilling further)
>10.30 m depth
- 1.30
Silty clay (in SPT) with full of kankars.
10.30 - 10.60 0.30
AMD-2 Blackish silty clay (with humous) 0.00 - 1.90 1.90
South of Vatva bridge in Ghorasar area. Yellowish brown silty sand with
soft kankars. 1.90 - 5.90 3.00
Light brown silty with friable kankars.
5.90 - 7.90 2.00
Coarse grained, brown to riverine sand (lower part is loose sand)
7.90 - 15.90 8.00
Sandy clay (water level starts) 15.90 - 20.00 4.00
Sticky clay with black irregular shape. Kankars (clay is highly compact and full cores come)
20.00 - 25.90 5.90
29
Depth range in (m)
B.H. No. Locality Lithology From To Thickness
in (m)
Whitish medium grained riverine sand.
25.90 - 27.60 1.70
Compact silt + small 1-2 cm size kankars
27.60 - 30.00 2.40
AMD-3 Blackish silty soil (with humous) 0.00 - 1.60 1.60
Yashoda nagar behind Petrol pump and Apurna hotel
Fine sand with whitish kankars. 1.60 - 3.00 1.40
Yellowish coloured silty sand with kankars.
3.00 - 5.60 2.60
Whitish coarse grained sand with 3-4 cms size kankars.
5.60 - 7.00 1.40
Yellowish brown silt with sand and black coloured kankars.
7.00 - 10.90 3.90
Silt + clay slurry 10.90 - 15.15 4.25
Coarse grained sand 15.15 - 16.05 0.90
Sticky clay 16.05 - 25.00 8.95
Sandy clay. 25.00 - 25.90 0.90
Hard compact clay + kankars. 25.90 - 28.10 2.20
AMD-4 Blackish silty clay 0.00 - 2.00 2.00
Municipal corp. land in east of Sidhvai Mata Temple area
Yellowish brown coloured silty clay.
2.00 - 3.60 1.60
Medium grained sand (yellowish brown coloured) with 3-4 cmssize irregular kankars.
3.60 - 5.60 2.00
Yellowish brown silt with soft kankars
5.60 - 10.90 5.30
Kankar bed with minor sand. 10.90 - 15.30 4.40
Yellowish silt + kankars 15.30 - 15.90 0.60
Sticky clay, compact and hard. Kankar occurs frequently.
15.90 - 29.40 13.50
30
Depth range in (m)
B.H. No. Locality Lithology From To Thickness
in (m)
AMD-5 Dark brown (blackish) silty soil / silty clay.
0.00 - 3.00 3.00
Bhaipura Hedkeswar (AMC-Place)
Yellowish brown silt. 3.00 - 3.90 0.90
Yellowish brown clay 3.90 - 5.00 1.10
Silt with clay 5.00 - 5.90 0.90
Brown silt clay 5.90 - 7.30 1.40
Brownish clay 7.30 - 7.90 0.60
Fine sand 7.90 - 10.90 3.00
Sticky clay 10.90 - 20.00 9.00
Silty clay yellowish brown 20.00 - 25.90 5.90
Clay with hard kankars. 25.90 - 29.70 3.80
AMD-6 Blackish (dark brown) silty clay 0.00 - 3.00 3.00
Silt with sand 3.00 - 5.00 2.00
Silty clay yellowish coloured 5.00 - 7.30 2.30
Karnawati Apartment cooperative society, Maninagar
Clear washed fine sand with kankar
7.30 - 10.00 2.70
Yellowish brown 10.00 - 10.90 0.90
Sticky clay (clay part comes under water table in bottom side with whitish kankars)
10.90 - 29.70 18.80
AMD-7 Blackish silty clay / silty soil. 0.00 - 3.30 3.30
Brownish yellow silty clay with kankars
3.30 - 5.00 1.70
Vijay farm Sarkhej Road, Narol (Dani Limbda)
Yellowish silt with kankars 5.00 - 20.90 15.90
Clay (hard yellowish) with kankars.
20.90 - 29.70 8.80
31
Depth range in (m)
B.H. No. Locality Lithology From To Thickness
in (m)
AMD-8 Blackish (dark brown) silty clay. 0.00 - 3.30 3.30
Yellowish brown silt with fine grained sand (micaceous)
3.30 - 3.90 0.60
Coarse grained sand with kankars 3.90 - 5.90 2.00
Someshwar-Mahadeo Temple area near Subarmati bridge Narol-Surkhj highway
Medium grained sand with clay. 5.90 - 7.90 2.00
Yellowish-brown silty clay. 7.90 - 10.75 2.85
Yellowish brown sticky clay. 10.75 - 15.45 4.70
Sandy silt 15.45 - 25.15 9.70
Medium grained sand with kankars
25.15 - 28.25 3.10
AMD-9 Blackish silty soil (hunas) 0.00 - 1.00 1.00
Yellowish-brown silt / silty and with large size, irregular kankar.
1.00 - 5.00 4.00
AMC land near old Chandola octorai Naka, Narol.
Yellowish brown coarse grained sand with kankars.
5.00 - 7.00 2.00
Medium to coarse sand with rare kankar and mica flakes.
7.00 - 7.45 0.45
Sandy clay 7.45 - 9.45 2.00
Yellowish brown compact silt with kankars.
9.45 - 12.45 3.00
Sticky clay (yellowish brown) 12.45 - 18.00 5.55
Silty clay 18.00 - 18.45 0.45
Sticky clay with numerous thin kankar bad.
18.45 - 28.95 10.50
AMD-10 Blackish (dark brown) coarse to fine grained sandy silt (mica flakes)
0.00 - 3.25 3.25
In park area near ST bus stand Alahanagar .
Yellowish brown sandy silt. 3.25 - 5.45 2.20
Yellowish brown friable fine to coarse sand.
5.45 - 12.30 6.85
32
Depth range in (m) B.H. No. Locality Lithology From To
Thickness in (m)
Silty clay (yellowish brown) 12.30 - 15.25 2.95
Kankar bed 15.25 - 15.70 0.45
Compact silt 15.70 - 18.45 2.75
Silty clay (kankar) 18.45 - 24.00 5.55
Coarse grained sand whitish to yellowish-brown
24.00 - 28.50 4.50
Sandy clay. 28.50 - 28.95 0.45
AMD-11 Dark brown sandy soil 0.00 - 1.45 1.45
Dark brown sand silt. 1.45 - 5.25 3.80
Suresh Farm, west of AMC Sewerage treatment plant. East of Rajnagar Silty clay (yellowish brown)
whitish kankar 5.25 - 9.00 3.75
Yellowish brown coarse grained sand silt + mica + kankar.
9.00 - 15.00 6.00
Sand clay + kankars 15.00 - 18.00 3.00
Coarse to fine grained compact + sand + kankars.
18.00 - 21.00 3.00
Yellowish brown, unconsidated silty clay + few kankars.
21.00 - 24.00 3.00
Yellowish brown sticky clay with kankars
24.00 - 24.45 0.45
Coarse sand 24.45 - >28.50 4.05
Sticky clay. >28.50 - 28.95 +0.45
AMD-12 Fine grained sand 0.00 - 7.45 7.45
Vasna Power house, near vasna Police station Coarse grained sand (Riverine
sand) + rever kankar 7.45 - 18.00 10.55
Sticky clay (reddish brown) 18.00 - 21.45 3.45
33
Depth range in (m)
B.H. No. Locality Lithology From To Thickness
in (m)
AMD-13 Yellowish brown coloured silty clay.
0.00 - 5.45 5.45
Near Anjali cinema vasna Road near Petrol Pump. Sand with full of riverine
kankars. 5.45 - 9.00 3.55
Medium to coarse sand. 9.00 - 9.45 0.45
Very coarse grained sand with large pebbles and kankar (5 to 7 cms size)
9.45 - 12.00 2.55
Hard compact silty soil with small kankars.
12.00 - 15.45 3.45
Sticky clay+ muscovite fplaces 15.45 - 21.45 6.00
Fine sand (clearriverine sand 21.45 - 24.45 3.00
Sandy clay 24.45 - 27.80 3.35
Sand with hard kankar fragment 27.80 - 28.25 0.45
AMD-14 Blackish clay 0.00 - 3.00 3.00
Blackish clay with sand. 3.00 - 5.00 2.00
Fine washed sand 5.00 - 12.00 7.00
Bus stand Makarba road, Bakeri engineering and industry limited
Reddish brown clay compact. 12.00 - 29.00 17.00
Clay mixed with sand. 29.00 - 29.45 0.45
AMD-15 2.4 km east of Juhapura
Yellowish brown coloured fine sand
0.00 - 3.00 3.00
Medium to coarse grained sand. 3.00 - 5.00 2.00
Coarse grained sand with gravels and occasional pebbles.
5.00 - 9.00 4.00
Silty with minor kankars 9.00 - 9.45 0.45
Silty clay 9.45 - 12.30 2.85
Clay 12.30 - 15.45 2.15
Sandy clay (paste) 15.45 - 18.00 2.55
Sticky clay 18.00 - 18.45 0.45
34
Depth range in (m)
B.H. No. Locality Lithology From To Thickness
in (m)
Sandy clay with kankars 18.45 - 21.45 3.00
Clay compact 21.45 - 24.45 3.00
Sandy clay clay with very hard kankars (drilling abandoned)
24.45 - 29.75 5.25
AMD-16 About 800 m west of Sarkhaj Rly. Station.
Light yellowish clayey soil (dusty in nature) in lower part + kankar occurs.
0.00 - 3.00 3.00
Yellowish brown silt 3.00 - 5.45 2.45
Silty clay (micaceous) (dark brown in colour)
5.45 - 7.00 1.55
Sandy silt 7.00 - 7.45 0.45
Clay 7.45 - 12.00 4.55
Compact silty clay 12.00 - 15.45 3.45
Medium grained friable sand with kankars. Fluvial coarse grained sand. Some times gravels in lower part.
15.45 - 21.45 6.00
Water saturated fine sand 21.45 - 24.55 3.00
Sticky clay. 24.55 - 30.45 6.00
AMD-17 Yellowish brown clay 0.00 - 1.00 1.00
Back side of the ITI Nawal Fateh wadi Indranagar Surkheej
Clay, silt and kankars 1.00 - 3.45 2.45
Brownish clay 3.45 - 5.30 1.85
Silt 5.30 - 5.45 0.15
Blackish clay 5.45 - 7.10 1.65
Fine grained sand with kankars 7.10 - 9.17 9.07
Kankar bed 9.17 - 9.45 0.28
Calcrete Pan 9.45 - 12.00 2.55
Clay whitish dark brown 12.00 - 15.00 3.00
35
Depth range in (m) B.H. No. Locality Lithology From To
Thickness in (m)
Silt + clay 15.00 - 15.45 0.45
Fine to medium grained sand 15.45 - 18.00 2.55
Medium to coarse grained sand with rarely pebbles (water saturated)
18.00 - 21.00 3.00
Fine to medium grained sand with gravels.
21.00 - 27.00 6.00
Medium to coarse grained sand with blackish grits and gravels (river bed like sediments)
27.00 - 27.45 0.45
Fine to medium sand 27.45 - 30.00 2.55
Compact clay + blackish grits 30.00 - 30.45 +0.45
AMD-18 Dark brown silty soil. 0.00 - 3.30 3.30
Pale yellow coloured silt with minor kankars.
3.30 - 5.45 2.15
Half a km west of Rakhiyal char rasta, in the campus of Neptune spin mill
Fine grained sand 5.45 - 9.26 3.81
Yellowish brown silt (compact silt + kankar in lower part)
9.26 - 21.00 11.74
Reddish yellow fine grained sand with kankars.
21.00 - 24.10 3.10
Pale yellowish clay 24.10 - 27.12 3.02
Coarse to very coarse grained sand
27.12 - 30.30 2.18
AMD-19 Black clay soil (sticky) 0.00 - 3.00 3.00
Laxmipur near Lambha mandir
Silty clay 3.00 - 5.24 2.24
Fine grained sand 5.24 - 7.25 2.01
Silty clay 7.25 - 12.45 5.00
Clay silty brownish 12.45 - 15.45 3.00
Clay part 15.45 - 18.00 2.55
Silty clay 18.00 - 21.45 3.45
Fine grained sand 21.45 - 24.45 3.00
Clay silty mixture 24.45 - 30.30 5.85
Fine grained sand 30.30 - 30.45 +0.15
36
Depth range in (m) B.H. No. Locality Lithology From To Thickness
in (m) AMD-20 Black clay soil 0.00 - 3.11 3.11
Yellowish brown silt 3.11 - 5.35 2.24
Suraj Socieyt (Swanil Park Gdhav Jagdambika Nagar
Silty clay with kankars 5.35 - 7.16 1.81
Fine sand with kankar 7.16 - 7.45 0.29
Pale silty clay 7.45 - 9.10 2.65
Silty clay 9.10 - 12.11 3.01
Fine to medium grained sand with clay in pockets
12.11 - 15.45 3.34
Silty sand 15.45 - 18.00 2.55
Coarse grained whitish sand with grits and pebbles (dry friable nature)
18.00 - 21.27 3.27
Reddish brown compact clay 21.27 - 24.45 3.18
Gritty sand 24.45 - 26.45 2.00
Reddish brown compact clay 26.45 - 27.00 0.55
Coarse grained sand with grits and pebbles like river bed
27.00 - 30.00 3.00
Grey silt. 30.00 - 30.45 +0.45
AMD-21 Yellowish brown sandy clay dust 0.00 - 0.50 0.50
Blackish (dark brown) silty clay 0.50 - 1.45 0.95
Yellowish brown silt + small kankars.
1.45 - 5.45 4.00
Ahmedabad textile and research institute; Ambavadi 2 km south of parimal Garden
Yellowish brown fine grained sand
5.45 -- 9.00 3.55
Medium to fine grained sand (yellowish brown0, kankar.
9.00 - 15.37 6.37
Very coarse grained sand with grits
15.37 - 15.42 0.05
Yellowish brown clay 15.42 - 18.21 2.79
Silty clay 18.21 - 24.45 6.24
Fine grained grey colour sand 24.45 - 27.45 3.00
Kankar bed. 27.45 - 30.00 2.55
37
Depth range in (m) B.H. No. Locality Lithology From To Thickness
in (m) AMD-22 Blackish clay soil 0.00 - 1.45 1.45
Yellowish brown soil 1.45 - 3.00 1.55
Clay with CO3 patches 3.00 - 3.45 0.45
Shri Raman maharshi Kendra, Driving road crurkal Maninagar
Yellowish brown silt 3.45 - 7.05 3.60
Clay yellowish brown 7.05 - 9.10 2.05
Silty clay 9.10 - 15.00 5.90
Kankar formation with silty clay 15.00 - 21.36 6.36
Reddish brown clay + kankar 21.36 - 30.00 8.64
Kankar bed with minor silt 30.00 - 30.45 +0.45
AMD-23 Dark brown silty clay 0.00 - 1.45 1.45
Yellowish brown silt 1.45 - 3.45 2.00
MB Foundation campus, near Gandhi gram Railway Station
Fine grained yellowish sand 3.45 - 5.00 1.55
Yellowish silt 5.00 - 7.00 2.00
Very coarse grained sand with grits and pebbles.
7.00 - 12.00 5.00
Coarse grained sand gradually turns into silt
12.00 - 14.45 0.45
Silty clay 14.45 - 15.45 3.00
Dark yellowish sandy clay 15.45 - 21.00 5.55
Reddish yellow fine grained sand 21.00 - 24.45 3.55
Very-very hard kankar pan 24.45 - 26.80 2.35
AMD-24 Dark brown silty soil 0.00 - 3.20 3.20
Sandy silt 3.20 - 5.00 1.80
Nikhola, stat dispensary (Panchayat Samitee)
Fine sandy silt 5.00 - 5.45 0.45
Coarse to fine sand with kankars 5.45 - 7.32 1.87
Silt with kankars 7.32 - 9.45 2.13
Silty clay 9.45 - 15.00 5.55
Yellowish silt with minor kankars 15.00 - 15.45 0.45
38
Depth range in (m) B.H. No. Locality Lithology From To
Thickness in (m)
Sticky clay (reddish brown) 15.45 - 24.00 8.55
Yellowish brown silty clay 24.00 - 27.00 3.00
Fine sand reddish yellow 27.00 - 30.00 3.00
Clean sand medium to coarse grained.
30.00 - 30.45 0.45
AMD-25 Black silty soil 0.00 - 3.06 3.06
Yellowish coloured silty / fine sandy silt
3.06 - 5.28 2.22
AM (Part Birat nagar west of Thakar Nagar)
Kankar bed 5.28 - 5.45 0.17
Yellowish brown silt with minor kankars
5.45 - 9.14 3.69
Whitish / cleaned medium to fine grained sand.
9.14 - 11.00 1.86
Yellowish brown silt 11.00 - 15.12 4.12
Reddish brown silty clay 15.12 - 15.45 0.33
Reddish brown (sticky) clay 15.45 - 21.45 6.00
Silty / sand clay 21.45 - 24.32 2.87
Coarse grained sand 24.32 - 25.00 0.68
Clay bed 25.00 - 26.00 1.00
Coarse sand with grits and gravel 26.00 - 27.00 1.00
Very coarse grained sand with grits and gravel (forming a hard kankar bed)
27.00 - 27.45 0.45
Silty clay 27.45 - 29.80 2.34
Gritty bed 29.80 - 29.95 +or >0.50
AMD-26 Black silty soil 0.00 - 3.12 3.12
Yellowish brown silt, silt with kankars
3.12 - 9.00 5.88
AMC area Dariyapur, Bapu Nagar Near Home Guard office
Silty clay / silt 9.00 - 12.45 3.45
Reddish brown clay (sticky clay) 12.45 - 15.45 3.00
39
Depth range in (m) B.H. No. Locality Lithology From To Thickness
in (m) Reddish brown silty clay 15.45 - 18.00 2.55
Compact reddish – brown clay (hard)
18.00 - 21.00 3.00
Fine grained sand 21.00 - 24.00 3.00
Reddish brown clay with kankars 24.00 - 30.45 6.45+
AMD-27 Kankaria Dedki nagar, Nursery, maninagar
Dark-grey blackish coloured silty soil
0.00 - 5.00 5.00
Dark grey clay 5.00 - 7.00 2.00
Sandy clay 7.00 - 9.00 2.00
Clayey sand 9.00 - 12.00 3.00
Clayey silt 12.00 - 15.00 3.00
Silty with kankars 15.00 - 18.00 3.00
Clay silt + mica flacks 18.00 - 27.00 9.00
Fine grained sand 27.00 - 30.00 3.00
Silty clay with kankars 30.00 - 30.45 0.45 +
AMD-28 Blackish silty soil. 0.00 - 1.45 1.45
Silt 1.45 - 3.45 2.00
Fine sand / coarse grained sand. 3.45 - 7.45 4.00
Excise chowki AMC Plot : Dayabhi Mukhine chali, Sahispur Boga, Naroda Road
Yellowish fine grained sand with kankars and pebbles
7.45 - 9.45 2.00
Clayey silt with kankars 9.45 - 13.45 4.00
Silt 13.45 - 15.45 2.00
Dark brown clay, (compact) 15.45 - 27.00 11.55
Fine grained sand with pebbles 27.00 - 30.40 3.00
Compact clay with hard kankar bed.
30.40 - 30.45 0.045+
40
Depth range in (m) B.H. No. Locality Lithology From To
Thickness in (m)
AMD-29 Dark brown (blackish) silty soil. 0.00 - 3.00 3.00
Clay with hard kankar 3.00 - 5.00 2.00
Bapa bhai ka plot, Back of Niki Fort car shop Sarkhaj- Jodhpur highway
Dark brown silty with mica flacks 5.00 - 9.20 4.20
Fine grained sand. 9.20 - 18.00 8.80
Silty clay with kankars 18.00 - 18.45 0.45
Fine grained sand 18.45 - 24.30 5.55
Coarse grained riverine sand with pebbles / kankars
24.30 - 30.00 6.00
Compact clay with kankars 30.00 - 30.45 0.45+
AMD-30 Dark brown silty soil. 0.00 - 1.45 1.45
Yellowish brown silt 1.45 - 3.00 1.55
Yellowish brown coloured clay, micaceous.
3.00 - 9.00 6.00
Makarba village back side of Divya Bhoskar press, Gandhi highway
Sandy clay (reddish brown in colour)
9.00 - 12.25 3.25
Kankar bed 12.25 - 12.45 0.20
Clay silt with kankar 12.45 - 15.45 3.00
Fine grained sand 15.45 - 18.25 2.80
Clay 18.25 - 18.45 0.20
Medium grained sand with very hard kankar bed
18.45 - 21.45 3.00
Kankar bed 21.45 - 24.20 2.75
Clay / clay silt with hard kankar 24.20 - 30.45 6.25
Annexure-II
BoreholeNo. Depth (m) From To NR Nc
AMD-1 1.45 1.15 1.45 7 171.10
3.45 3.15 3.45 9 181.70
5.45 5.15 5.45 14 208.20
7.45 7.15 7.45 15 213.50
9.45 9.15 9.45 19 234.70
10.45 10.45 10.75 30 293.00 0.3 3.2 217.0333
AMD-2 1.45 1.15 1.45 7 171.10
3.45 3.15 3.45 10 187.00
5.45 5.15 5.45 13 202.90
7.45 7.15 7.45 22 250.60
9.45 9.15 9.45 28 282.40
15.45 15.15 10.45 76 399.00
20.45 20.15 20.45 53 399.00
25.45 25.15 25.45 77 399.00
27.75 27.45 27.75 72 43 399.00 0.32 3.07 227.7
AMD-3 1.45 1.15 1.45 9 181.70
3.45 3.15 3.45 11 192.30
5.45 5.15 5.45 24 261.20
7.45 7.15 7.45 23 19 255.90
9.45 9.15 9.45 54 34 399.00
20.45 20.15 20.45 65 399.00
25.45 25.15 25.45 72 399.00
27.65 27.35 27.65 46 377.80 0.45 2.2 2.2
AMD-4 1.45 1.15 1.45 6 165.80
3.45 3.15 3.45 12 197.60
5.45 5.15 5.45 21 245.00
7.45 7.15 7.45 15 213.50
N value of the SPT conducted in southern part of Ahmedabad cityN-value Vs = 5.3 n
+134g
gravityAmpli-fication
Average ofVs
41
BoreholeNo. Depth (m) From To NR Nc
N value of the SPT conducted in southern part of Ahmedabad cityN-value Vs = 5.3 n
+134g
gravityAmpli-fication
Average ofVs
10.45 10.15 10.45 53 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 100 399.00
20.45 20.15 20.45 54 399.00
25.45 25.15 25.45 64 399.00
27.80 27.65 27.80 71 399.00 0.44 2.23 313.02
AMD-5 1.45 1.15 1.45 8 176.40
3.45 3.15 3.45 8 176.40
5.45 5.15 5.45 17 224.10
7.45 7.15 7.45 22 250.80
10.45 10.15 10.45 34 314.20
15.45 15.15 15.45 43 361.90
20.45 20.15 20.45 58 399.00
25.45 25.15 25.45 62 399.00
28.25 27.95 28.25 15 213.50 0.99 2.5 279.4
AMD-6 1.45 1.15 1.45 7 171.10
3.45 3.15 3.45 10 187.00
5.45 5.15 5.45 17 224.10
7.45 7.15 7.45 16 218.80
10.45 10.15 10.45 39 340.70
15.45 15.15 15.45 46 377.80
20.45 20.15 20.45 22 250.60
25.45 25.15 25.45 65 399.00
28.25 27.95 28.25 77 399.00 0.4 2.4 285.3
AMD-7 1.45 1.15 1.45 14 208.20
3.45 3.15 3.45 12 197.60
5.45 5.15 5.45 12 197.60
7.45 7.15 7.45 25 266.50
42
BoreholeNo. Depth (m) From To NR Nc
N value of the SPT conducted in southern part of Ahmedabad cityN-value Vs = 5.3 n
+134g
gravityAmpli-fication
Average ofVs
10.45 10.15 10.45 24 261.20
15.45 15.15 15.45 47 383.10
20.45 20.15 20.45 53 399.00
25.45 25.15 25.45 67 399.00
28.25 27.95 28.25 84 399.00 0.43 2.32 301.2
AMD-8 1.45 1.15 1.45 17 224.10
3.45 3.15 3.45 19 234.70
5.45 5.15 5.45 33 298.90
7.45 7.15 7.45 43 361.90
10.45 10.15 10.45 44 367.20
15.45 15.15 15.45 29 22 287.70
20.45 20.15 20.45 27 21 277.10
25.45 25.15 25.45 33 24 298.90
28.25 27.95 28.25 62 38 399.00 0.43 2.29 305.5
AMD-9 1.45 1.15 1.45 8 176.40
3.45 3.15 3.45 9 181.70
5.45 5.15 5.45 17 224.10
7.45 7.15 7.45 29 287.70
9.45 9.15 9.45 44 30 367.20
12.45 12.15 12.45 60 37 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 67 399.00
18.45 18.15 18.45 66 399.00
21.45 21.15 21.45 59 399.00
24.45 24.15 50.00 50 399.00
28.95 28.65 28.95 50 399.00 0.47 2.12 330.1
AMD-10 1.45 1.15 1.45 4 155.20
3.45 3.15 3.45 11 192.00
43
BoreholeNo. Depth (m) From To NR Nc
N value of the SPT conducted in southern part of Ahmedabad cityN-value Vs = 5.3 n
+134g
gravityAmpli-fication
Average ofVs
5.45 5.15 5.45 21 245.30
7.45 7.15 7.45 32 303.60
9.45 9.15 9.45 47 383.10
12.45 12.15 12.45 52 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 112 399.00
18.45 18.15 18.45 59 399.00
21.45 21.15 21.45 29 287.70
24.45 24.15 24.45 94 55 399.00
25.45 25.15 25.45 96 55 399.00
28.95 28.65 28.95 81 399.00 0.42 2.36 296.8
AMD-11 1.45 1.15 1.45 4 155.20
3.45 3.15 3.45 7 171.10
5.45 5.15 5.45 14 208.20
7.45 7.15 7.45 30 293.00
9.45 9.15 9.45 27 21 277.10
12.45 12.15 12.45 28 22 282.40
15.45 15.15 15.45 39 340.70
18.45 18.15 18.45 38 27 335.40
21.45 21.15 21.45 72 399.00
24.45 24.15 24.45 55 35 399.00
28.95 28.65 28.95 97 399.00 0.42 2.36 296.3
AMD-12 1.45 1.15 1.45 12 197.60
3.45 3.15 3.45 15 213.50
5.45 5.15 5.45 19 234.70
7.45 7.15 7.45 12 197.60
9.45 9.15 9.45 14 208.20
12.45 12.15 12.45 23 19 255.90
44
BoreholeNo. Depth (m) From To NR Nc
N value of the SPT conducted in southern part of Ahmedabad cityN-value Vs = 5.3 n
+134g
gravityAmpli-fication
Average ofVs
15.45 15.15 15.45 31 23 298.30 0.35 2.79 250.6
18.45 18.15 18.45 78 399.00
AMD-13 1.45 1.15 1.45 11 192.30
3.45 3.15 3.45 12 197.60
5.45 5.15 5.45 19 234.70
7.45 7.15 7.45 50 399.00
9.45 9.15 9.45 26 271.80
12.45 12.15 12.45 37 330.10
15.45 15.15 15.45 26 271.80
18.45 18.15 18.45 40 346.00
21.45 21.15 21.45 35 25 319.50 0.43 2.29 305.5
24.45 24.15 24.45 53 34 399.00
28.95 27.65 28.95 50 33 399.00
AMD-14 1.45 1.15 1.45 10 187.00
3.45 3.15 3.45 8 176.40
5.45 5.15 5.45 16 218.80
7.45 7.15 7.45 20 240.00
9.45 9.15 9.45 76 399.00
12.45 12.15 12.45 68 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 47 387.10
18.45 18.15 18.45 54 399.00
21.45 21.15 21.45 86 399.00
24.45 24.15 24.45 85 399.00 0.46 2.14 327.2
29.15 29.00 29.15 110 399.00
AMD-15 1.45 1.15 1.45 10 187.00
3.45 3.15 3.45 11 192.30
5.45 5.15 5.45 7 171.10
45
BoreholeNo. Depth (m) From To NR Nc
N value of the SPT conducted in southern part of Ahmedabad cityN-value Vs = 5.3 n
+134g
gravityAmpli-fication
Average ofVs
7.45 7.15 7.45 35 25 315.50
9.45 9.15 9.45 37 26 330.10
12.45 12.15 12.45 54 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 62 399.00
18.45 18.15 18.45 43 361.90
21.45 21.15 21.45 70 399.00
24.45 24.15 24.45 62 399.00 0.42 2.3 296
27.45 27.15 27.45 62 399.00
29.60 29.45 29.60 50 399.00
AMD-16 1.45 1.15 1.45 38 335.10
3.45 3.15 3.45 15 213.50
5.45 5.15 5.45 15 213.50
7.45 7.15 7.45 15 213.50
9.45 9.15 9.45 17 224.10
12.45 12.15 12.45 26 271.80
15.45 15.15 15.45 41 351.30
18.45 18.15 18.45 50 399.00
21.45 21.15 21.45 13 202.90 0.34 2.39 393
24.45 24.15 24.45 66 40 399.00
30.45 30.15 30.45 58 399.00
AMD-17 1.45 1.15 1.45 13 202.90
3.45 3.15 3.45 16 218.80
5.45 5.15 5.45 21 245.30
7.45 7.15 7.45 44 367.20
9.45 9.15 9.45 70 399.00
12.45 12.15 12.45 50 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 50 399.00
46
BoreholeNo. Depth (m) From To NR Nc
N value of the SPT conducted in southern part of Ahmedabad cityN-value Vs = 5.3 n
+134g
gravityAmpli-fication
Average ofVs
18.45 18.15 18.45 27 277.10
21.45 21.15 21.45 38 399.00
24.45 24.15 24.45 52 399.00
27.45 27.15 27.45 50 399.00
30.45 30.15 30.45 50 399.00
AMD-18 1.45 1.15 1.45 9 181.70
3.45 3.15 3.45 18 229.40
5.45 5.15 5.45 29 287.70
7.45 7.15 7.45 47 383.10
9.45 9.15 9.45 60 399.00
12.45 12.15 12.45 51 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 55 399.00
18.45 18.15 18.45 66 40 399.00
21.45 21.15 21.45 50 33 399.00
24.45 24.15 24.45 48 32 388.40
27.45 27.15 27.45 50 33 399.00
30.45 30.15 30.45 85 399.00 0.5 1.97 355.2
AMD-19 1.45 1.15 1.45 18 229.40
3.45 3.15 3.45 15 213.50
5.45 5.15 5.45 27 277.10
7.45 7.15 7.45 37 330.10
9.45 9.15 9.45 32 303.60
12.45 12.15 12.45 79 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 74 399.00
18.45 18.15 18.45 50 399.00
21.45 21.15 21.45 51 399.00
24.45 24.15 24.45 66 40 399.00
47
BoreholeNo. Depth (m) From To NR Nc
N value of the SPT conducted in southern part of Ahmedabad cityN-value Vs = 5.3 n
+134g
gravityAmpli-fication
Average ofVs
27.45 27.15 27.45 89 399.00
30.45 30.15 30.45 89 52 399.00 0.49 2.02 345.5
AMD-20 1.45 1.15 1.45 10 187.00
3.45 3.15 3.45 14 208.20
5.45 5.15 5.45 24 261.20
7.45 7.15 7.45 17 224.10
9.45 9.15 9.45 38 335.40
12.45 12.15 12.45 40 346.00 0.46 2.16 323.3
15.45 15.15 15.45 55 399.00
18.45 18.15 18.45 50 399.00
24.45 24.15 24.45 50 399.00
27.45 27.15 27.45 50 399.00
30.45 30.15 30.45 50 399.00
AMD-21 1.45 1.15 1.45 16 218.80
3.45 3.15 3.45 27 277.10
5.45 5.15 5.45 33 298.90
7.45 7.15 7.45 50 399.00
9.45 9.15 9.45 55 399.00
12.45 12.15 12.45 66 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 64 399.00
18.45 18.15 18.45 36 324.80
21.45 21.15 21.45 50 399.00
24.45 24.15 24.45 50 399.00
27.45 27.15 27.45 50 399.00 0.5 1.97 355
30.45 30.15 30.45 51
AMD-22 1.45 1.15 1.45 21 245.30
3.45 3.15 3.45 14 208.20
48
BoreholeNo. Depth (m) From To NR Nc
N value of the SPT conducted in southern part of Ahmedabad cityN-value Vs = 5.3 n
+134g
gravityAmpli-fication
Average ofVs
5.45 5.15 5.45 21 245.30
7.45 7.15 7.45 26 271.80
9.45 9.15 9.45 20 240.00
12.45 12.15 12.45 24 261.20
15.45 15.15 15.45 63 399.00
18.45 18.15 18.45 54 399.00
21.45 21.15 21.45 54 399.00 0.45 2.17 322.1
24.45 24.15 24.45 54 399.00
27.45 27.15 27.45 50 399.00
30.45 30.15 30.45 50 399.00
AMD-23 1.45 1.15 1.45 10 187.00
3.45 3.15 3.45 26 271.80
5.45 5.15 5.45 20 240.00
7.45 7.15 7.45 19 234.70
9.45 9.15 9.45 45 372.50
12.45 12.15 12.45 54 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 50 399.00
18.45 18.15 18.45 35 319.50
21.45 21.15 21.45 24 20 261.20 0.45 2.21 316.6
24.45 24.15 24.45 50 33 399.00
26.65 26.50 26.65 50 399.00
AMD-24 1.45 1.15 1.45 11 192.30
3.45 3.15 3.45 16 218.80
5.45 5.15 5.45 33 298.90
7.45 7.15 7.45 41 351.30
9.45 9.15 9.45 43 361.90
12.45 12.15 12.45 50 399.00
49
BoreholeNo. Depth (m) From To NR Nc
N value of the SPT conducted in southern part of Ahmedabad cityN-value Vs = 5.3 n
+134g
gravityAmpli-fication
Average ofVs
15.45 15.15 15.45 43 361.90
18.45 18.15 18.45 50 399.00
21.45 21.15 21.45 55 399.00
24.45 24.15 24.45 53 399.00
27.45 27.15 27.45 52 399.00
30.30 30.15 30.30 50 399.00
AMD-25 1.45 1.15 1.45 15 213.50
3.45 3.15 3.45 8 176.40
5.45 5.15 5.45 36 324.80
7.45 7.15 7.45 43 361.90
9.45 9.15 9.45 41 351.30
12.45 12.15 12.45 51 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 50 399.00
18.45 18.15 18.45 61 399.00
21.45 21.15 21.45 41 351.30
24.45 24.15 24.45 47 383.10
27.45 27.15 27.45 78 399.00
29.95 29.65 29.95 51 399.00
AMD-26 1.45 1.15 1.45 7 171.10
3.45 3.15 3.45 8 176.40
5.45 5.15 5.45 13 202.90
7.45 7.15 7.45 24 261.20
9.45 9.15 9.45 51 399.00
12.45 12.15 12.45 52 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 67 399.00
18.45 18.15 18.45 38 335.40
21.45 21.15 21.45 80 399.00
50
BoreholeNo. Depth (m) From To NR Nc
N value of the SPT conducted in southern part of Ahmedabad cityN-value Vs = 5.3 n
+134g
gravityAmpli-fication
Average ofVs
24.45 24.15 24.45 83 399.00
27.45 27.15 27.45 50 399.00
30.45 30.15 30.45 55 399.00 0.46 2.13 328.3
AMD-27 1.45 1.15 1.45 3 149.90
3.45 3.15 3.45 1 139.30
5.45 5.15 5.45 6 165.80
7.45 7.15 7.45 17 224.10
9.45 9.15 9.45 17 15 224.10
12.45 12.15 12.45 54 34 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 47 32 383.10 0.46 2.28 306.6
18.45 18.15 18.45 58 36 399.00
21.45 21.15 21.45 50 33 399.00
24.45 24.15 24.45 50 33 399.00
27.15 27.00 27.45 55 35 399.00
30.30 30.15 30.30 50 399.00
AMD-28 1.45 1.15 1.45 4 155.20
3.45 3.15 3.45 13 202.90
5.45 5.15 5.45 21 245.30
7.45 7.15 7.45 21 245.30
9.45 9.15 9.45 29 287.70
12.45 12.15 12.45 48 388.40
15.45 15.15 15.45 55 399.00
18.45 18.15 18.45 55 399.00
21.45 21.15 21.45 32 303.60 0.44 2.24 312.8
24.45 24.15 24.45 37 330.10
27.45 27.15 27.45 50 33 399.00
30.45 30.15 30.45 50 33 399.00
51
BoreholeNo. Depth (m) From To NR Nc
N value of the SPT conducted in southern part of Ahmedabad cityN-value Vs = 5.3 n
+134g
gravityAmpli-fication
Average ofVs
AMD-29 1.45 1.15 1.45 11 192.30
3.45 3.15 3.45 27 277.10
5.45 5.15 5.45 21 245.30
7.45 7.15 7.45 23 255.90
9.45 9.15 9.45 37 330.10
12.45 12.15 12.45 34 314.20 0.45 2.2 317.2
15.45 15.15 15.45 18 229.40
18.45 18.15 18.45 65 399.00
21.45 21.15 21.45 44 367.20
24.45 24.15 24.45 50 399.00
27.45 27.15 27.45 50 399.00
30.15 30.00 30.15 50 399.00
AMD-30 1.45 1.15 1.45 14 208.20
3.45 3.15 3.45 19 237.70
5.45 5.15 5.45 27 277.10
7.45 7.15 7.45 32 303.60
9.45 9.15 9.45 37 330.10
12.45 12.15 12.45 50 399.00
15.45 15.15 15.45 50 399.00
18.45 18.15 18.45 45 372.50
21.45 21.15 21.45 50 399.00
24.45 24.15 24.45 50 399.00
27.45 27.15 27.45 50 399.00 0.48 2.07 338.2
52
Annexure-III
S. No.
Borehole No. Location Lat. Long. GW (m)
Date of commencement
& completion1 AMD-1 Between narol on Isanpur chaukdi 22°58’26” 72°35’35” 10.45 19.12.02
20.12.03
2 AMD-2 1/2 kmm east of Isanpur char Rastaand Before Vatva bridge (Ghorasararea)
22°58’41” 72°36’40” 18 22.12.0325.12.03
3 AMD-3 Yashodo nagar Back of Petrol pumpand & south of Permeswar society
22°58’58” 72°37’55” 6 27.12.0330.12.03
4 AMD-4 AMC land, 300 m away fromSindhai mata temple.
22°59’21” 72°38’15” 17.05 31.12.0303.01.04
5 AMD-5 Bhaipura Hedkeswar area AMCland.
22°59'35" 72°37'45" 14 05.01.0407.01.04
6 AMD-6 Karnawati Apartment cooperativesociety, Maninagar
22°59'15" 72°36'35" 14 08.01.0411.01.04
7 AMD-7 Vijay Form Sarkhej Narol (DaniLimbda)
22°58’36” 72°34’06” 18 12.01.04
8 AMD-8 Someshwar-Mahadeo area sarkhejhighway, before bridge.
22°58’54” 72°33’05” 18.5 17.01.0419.01.04
9 AMD-9 AMC land near old Chandola octoraiNaka
22°58’54” 72°35’05” 8.5 27.01.0428.01.04
10 AMD-10 Park site, near ST-Bus workshop,Alahnagar
22°00’06” 72°34’49” 19.25 29.01.0401.02.04
11 AMD-11 Suresh Form, Infront of MC plant, inwest of Chimni
22°59’29” 72°34’18” 25 03.02.04
List of Boreholes Drilled in Southern and Central Parts of Ahmedabad City for Standard Penetration Test
53
S. No.
Borehole No. Location Lat. Long. GW (m)
Date of commencement
& completion12 AMD-12 Vasna Power house, near vasna
Police station22°59’49” 72°32’47” 8 05.02.04
07.02.04
13 AMD-13 Anjali cinema vasna road nearPetrol Pump.
23°00’20” 72°33’07” 20 08.02.0410.02.04
14 AMD-14 Vedalpur Bus stand Makarba road,Bakeri engineering and industrylimited
23°00'00" 72°30'30" 14 11.02.0414.02.04
15 AMD-15 2.4 km east of Juhapura, near NH-8& bypass
22°59’40” 72°32’00” 5.3 16.02.04
16 AMD-16 Fatehwadi back of Gopal hotel ipeselling corporate
22°58’47” 72°29’18” 19 19.02.0421.02.04
17 AMD-17 Backside of the ITI NawabFatehwadi, Indranagar
22°58’28” 72°30’12” 16 23.02.0425.02.04
18 AMD-18 Half a km west of Rakhiyal charrasta, Neptune spin Fab. Limited
23°01’18” 72°37’09” 17 26.02.0428.02.04
19 AMD-19 Laxmipur Near Lambha Mandir 22°56’34” 72°34’28” 22 17.03.0419.03.04
20 AMD-20 Suraj Socieyt (Swanil Park) odhawJagdambika Nagar
23°01’45” 72°39’11” Not touched 22.03.04
21 AMD-21 Ahmedabad textile and researchinstitute; Ambavadi 2 km south ofparimal Garden
23°01’51” 72°32’34” Not touched 25.03.0427.03.04
22 AMD-22 Shri Raman maharshi Kendra,Driving road crurkal Meninagar
23°02’43” 72°31’56” 19.5 29.03.0431.03.04
23 AMD-23 MB Foundation campus, nearGandhi grum Railway Station
23°01’32” 72°34’14” 17.5 01.04.0403.04.04
54
S. No.
Borehole No. Location Lat. Long. GW (m)
Date of commencement
& completion24 AMD-24 Nikhola, stat dispensary (Panchayat
Samitee)23°02’13” 72°39’44” Not touched 05.04.04
07.04.04
25 AMD-25 MC Park Birat nagar west of ThakarNagar
23°01’35” 72°38’35” Not touched 08.04.04
26 AMD-26 AMC area Dariyapur, Bapu NagarNear Home Guard office
23°02’46” 72°37’40” 23 15.04.0418.04.04
27 AMD-27 Kankaria Dedki nagar, Nursery,maninagar
23°00’42” 72°36’42” 7.3 19.04.0421.04.04
28 AMD-28 AMC Plot : Dayabhi Mukhine chali,Sahispur Boga, Naroda Roadexcise chauki
23°03'35" 72°38'35" 20 22.04.0424.04.04
29 AMD-29 Bapa bhai ka plot, Back of Niki Fortcar shop Sarkha- Jodhpur highway
23°01'10" 72°29'30" Not touched 26.04.0428.04.04
30 AMD-30 Makarba village back side of DivyaBhoskar press, Gandhi Nagarhighway
23°59’57” 72°30’08” Not touched 29.04.0401.05.04
55
Annexure-IV
S. Sample Depth Moisture Sp.No. No. (m) content
(%)Gravel
(%)Sand (%)
Silt+Clay(%)
Gr. LL(%)
PL(%)
PI(%)
1 AMD-1/2 1.30 7.7 69.61 30.39 19.3
2 AMD-1/3 1.75 6.5 80.47 19.53 Non-plastic
3 AMD-1/5 3.30 4.6 84.36 15.64 Non-plastic
4 AMD-1/7 3.90 3.4 93.69 6.31 Non-plastic
5 AMD-1/9 5.75 8.2 88.78 11.22 Non-plastic
6 AMD-1/11 7.30 4.3 75.85 24.15 Non-plastic
7 AMD-1/12 7.75 4.4 61.04 38.96 Non-plastic
8 AMD-1/14 9.30 12.8 56.40 43.60 19.9
9 AMD-1/15 9.75 7.1 56.88 43.12 Non-plastic
10 AMD-1/17 10.45 11.9 59.45 40.55 19.6
11 AMD-2/1 1.00 5.0 74.11 25.89 Non-plastic
12 AMD-2/2 1.30 5.0 72.67 27.33 Non-plastic
13 AMD-2/3 1.60 5.4 76.83 23.17 Non-plastic
14 AMD-2/4 3.00 4.3 76.79 23.21 Non-plastic
15 AMD-2/5 3.30 4.1 80.74 19.26 Non-plastic
16 AMD-2/6 3.60 5.9 67.53 32.47 Non-plastic
17 AMD-2/7 5.00 6.8 75.38 24.62 Non-plastic
18 AMD-2/8 5.30 6.0 67.48 32.52 Non-plastic
19 AMD-2/9 5.60 5.8 78.17 21.83 Non-plastic
20 AMD-2/10 7.00 10.5 64.10 35.90 Non-plastic
21 AMD-2/11 7.30 8.2 59.64 40.36 Non-plastic
22 AMD-2/12 7.60 15.1 56.85 43.15 Non-plastic
23 AMD-2/13 10.00 4.4 86.27 13.73 Non-plastic
24 AMD-2/14 10.30 3.4 87.25 12.75 Non-plastic
25 AMD-2/15 10.60 4.6 81.28 18.72 Non-plastic
26 AMD-2/21 20.60 39.5 22.10 77.90
27 AMD-2/23 25.30 34.5 26.42 73.58
28 AMD-2/27 27.90 31.3 53.16 46.84
Grain Size analysis Atterberg's Limits
Results of Analysis of Quaternary Sediments - Samples from Ahmedabad City During SPT Work
56
S. Sample Depth Moisture Sp.No. No. (m) content
(%)Gravel
(%)Sand (%)
Silt+Clay(%)
Gr. LL(%)
PL(%)
PI(%)
Grain Size analysis Atterberg's Limits
29 AMD-9/1 1.30 8.2 0.00 79.64 20.36 Non-plastic
30 AMD-9/2 3.30 6.2 6.36 74.21 19.43 Non-plastic
31 AMD-9/3 7.30 13.0 2.09 78.22 19.69 Non-plastic
32 AMD-9/4 12.30 17.3 1.66 63.46 34.88 Non-plastic
33 AMD-9/5 18.30 19.2 4.08 21.93 73.99 Non-plastic
34 AMD-9/6 24.30 24.0 1.78 41.17 57.04 31.26 19.92 11.35
35 AMD-10/1 1.30 6.2 1.37 68.31 30.32 Non-plastic
36 AMD-10/2 3.30 2.4 2.59 68.56 28.85 Non-plastic
37 AMD-10/3 7.30 11.2 0.47 81.34 18.20 Non-plastic
38 AMD-10/4 12.30 8.1 5.04 40.29 54.67 Non-plastic
39 AMD-10/5 15.30 14.4 6.88 58.90 34.22 Non-plastic
40 AMD-10/6 18.30 16.8 9.33 51.03 39.64 28.75 23.06 5.69
41 AMD-10/7 25.30 16.1 7.23 67.92 24.85 Non-plastic
42 AMD-12/1 1.30 1.14 96.74 2.12 Non-plastic
43 AMD-13/2 5.30 2.71 19.75 60.62 19.63 Non-plastic
44 AMD-13/3 9.30 2.33 25.01 66.15 8.84 Non-plastic
45 AMD-13/4 12.30 7.40 16.65 43.01 40.34 37.30 19.10 18.20
46 AMD-13/5 15.30 16.23 27.15 44.47 28.38 Non-plastic
47 AMD-13/6 24.30 16.42 2.74 74.08 23.18 Non-plastic
48 AKS/AMD/15/1 1.30 1.93 95.21 2.86 2.60
49 AKS/AMD/15/2 5.30 13.21 53.07 33.72 2.59
50 AKS/AMD/15/3 9.30 7.63 40.35 52.02 2.55
51 AKS/AMD/15/4 15.45 11.96 54.41 33.63 2.57
52 AKS/AMD/16/1 1.30 14.58 67.96 17.46 2.56
53 AKS/AMD/16/2 3.30 0.31 91.70 7.99 2.56
54 AKS/AMD/16/3 9.30 14.13 39.71 46.15 2.55
55 AKS/AMD/16/4 18.30 5.71 90.72 3.57 2.54
56 AKS/AMD/17/1 3.30 1.31 20.70 78.00 2.60
57 AKS/AMD/17/2 7.30 8.15 87.03 4.82 2.56
58 AKS/AMD/17/3 15.45 10.14 86.01 3.85 2.55
59 AMD-18/1 1.30 3.37 0.27 77.22 22.50 Non-plastic
60 AMD-18/2 3.30 1.73 0.23 95.83 3.93 Non-plastic
57
S. Sample Depth Moisture Sp.No. No. (m) content
(%)Gravel
(%)Sand (%)
Silt+Clay(%)
Gr. LL(%)
PL(%)
PI(%)
Grain Size analysis Atterberg's Limits
61 AMD-18/3 7.30 5.96 10.78 70.36 18.86 Non-plastic
62 AMD-18/4 27.30 11.28 5.09 78.80 16.12 Non-plastic
63 AMD18/5 30.30 7.67 5.04 55.69 39.27 Non-plastic
64 AMD-20/1 1.30 8.10 0.00 71.24 28.76 2.52 23.77 19.79 3.98
65 AMD-20/2 3.30 3.92 2.53 72.98 24.49 2.52 Non-plastic
66 AMD-20/3 5.30 8.90 6.94 32.94 60.12 2.53 16.14
67 AMD-20/4 7.30 4.11 27.15 44.47 28.38 2.54 Non-plastic
68 AMD-20/5 21.30 2.50 11.16 65.09 23.75 2.53 Non-plastic
69 AMD-20/6 24.30 13.70 7.48 56.48 36.04 2.53
70 AMD-20/7 27.30 3.08 16.72 62.79 20.49 2.55 Non-plastic
71 AMD-21/1 5.30 1.18 3.90 72.96 23.14 2.52 Non-plastic
72 AMD-21/2 9.30 1.36 9.65 76.13 14.23 2.52 Non-plastic
73 AMD-21/3 21.30 6.79 1.12 49.59 49.28 2.53 17.14
74 AMD-21/4 24.30 4.96 9.38 56.48 34.13 2.57 Non-plastic
75 AMD-21/5 27.30 9.96 0.76 59.14 40.10 2.54 20.43
76 AMD-22/1 3.30 7.32 2.48 27.21 70.30 2.72 20.18
77 AMD-22/2 5.30 5.98 2.55 49.00 48.46 2.71 Non-plastic
78 AMD-22/3 9.30 14.36 3.50 18.74 77.76 2.41 Non-plastic
79 AMD-22/4 12.30 10.23 6.83 51.78 41.39 2.59 Non-plastic
80 AMD-22/5 18.30 13.70 9.71 69.50 20.79 2.57
81 AMD-22/6 27.30 14.81 5.48 55.51 39.01 2.60 Non-plastic
82 AMD-23/1 1.30 0.97 90.10 8.93 2.63
83 AMD-23/2 5.30 1.81 91.04 7.15 2.65
84 AMD-23/3 7.30 41.02 56.33 2.65 2.65
85 AMD-23/4 18.30 15.30 76.77 7.93 2.43
86 AMD-24/1 1.30 1.04 94.65 4.31 2.59
87 AMD24/2 3.30 0.78 92.42 6.79 2.61
88 AMD-24/3 18.30 10.62 43.29 46.09 2.57
89 AMD-24/4 27.30 16.69 79.86 3.45 2.63
90 AMD-25/1 3.30 0.00 62.10 37.90 41.52 21.69 19.83
91 AMD-25/2 5.30 0.14 44.31 55.55 Non-plastic
92 AMD-25/3 9.30 11.37 83.75 4.88 Non-plastic
58
S. Sample Depth Moisture Sp.No. No. (m) content
(%)Gravel
(%)Sand (%)
Silt+Clay(%)
Gr. LL(%)
PL(%)
PI(%)
Grain Size analysis Atterberg's Limits
93 AMD-26/1 9.30 6.01 66.26 27.73 Non-plastic
94 AMD-27/1 7.30 0.43 66.69 32.88 34.43 16.27 18.16
95 AMD-28/1 3.30 0.90 86.30 12.81 Non-plastic
96 AMD-28/2 5.30 5.32 81.56 13.12 Non-plastic
97 AMD-29/1 5.30 4.43 47.24 48.33 31.86 19.50 12.36
98 AMD-29/2 12.30 0.70 71.96 27.34 Non-plastic
99 AMD-30/1 1.30 1.93 39.38 58.70 44.18 24.75 19.43
59
INFORMATION SHEET FOR BIBLIOGRAPHY IN UNPUBLISHED REPORTS
TITLE Seismic hazard / risk microzonation of Ahmedabad city, Gujarat
AUTH Saxena A. K., Prasad, Surendra and Fulzele, D.N.
TDOC Interim Report
CONF Classified
CORP Region : Western
Division : Earthquake Geology
BENE
DCNU Document number : SEI/WR/HQ/2001/007
FSPR 2003-04
DPUP November, 2006
ABST During the course of seismic hazard/ r isk microzonation study of Ahmedabad city, Gujarat, seismotectonic map, ground water level map, soi l map and land use map were compiled. Besides, the Standard Penetration Test ( SPT ) with a truck mounted dri l l machine were carried out in southern part of Ahmedabad city. The area covered during SPT investigation fal ls in toposheet nos 46A/8 & 12 and 46B/5 & 9 and it consists of f luvial and aeolian sediments of Quaternary age.
While carrying out Standard Penetration Test, a total of 30 boreholes each up to 30 meters depth were drilled. The borehole locations were planned at an average interval of 2.5 to 3 Km distance to cover the area inside the Ring Road of AUDA Plan 2011(Ahmedabad Urban Development Agency) of Ahmedabad city within the limit of proposed target of 100 boreholes. Different types of lithological units were noticed during the course of drill ing for the SPT. These units are mainly dark brown coloured silty soil and silt, medium to coarse grained sand and clay in ascending order. These units do not exactly occur in order of their superposition but follow more or less same pattern of occurrence as indicated above. It has been observed that the SPT value (i.e. ‘N’ Value) or number of blows increases with increasing depth. Generally 7 to 30 blows were noticed during the penetration of last 30cm of sampler ( the first 15 cm considered as sitting) up to 12m depth but further below this value increases to more than 50 (a refusal value). The 'N' value are by and large affected by the compaction of sediments, the nature and intensity of kankers occurring in the sediment and the water level occurring in the column. Many kanker beds and alluvial fill deposits (grits, gravels and pebbles) were noticed below 10 m depth which sometimes did not allow the auger drill to penetrate down and the drilling operation had to be suspended. Perched water table zones (0.5 m to 3.00m thick) were also encountered in majority of boreholes between 5 m to 23 m depth. 99 sediment samples were submitted to geotechnical lab for geotechnical analysis. These samples were analysed for grain size analysis, Atterberg’s limits etc.
‘N’ value contour map along with water level contour map were prepared.
The analysis of the SPT data and ground water level map indicate the occurrence of an east -west trending sector which has depth to water level less than 10m and as such is potential ly susceptible to l iquefact ion. The Mani Nagar area is located in the eastern part of this zone which is also characterized by 'N' value less than 10 at SPT conducted at 3.15 to 3.45 m depth. The combination of low N value and shal low ground water explain the greater seismic hazard potential of the Mani Nagar area which suffered a heavy damage during by Bhuj earthquake of 26t h January, 2001.
MPRF Toposheet No. 46 A/8, A/12, 46 B/5, B/9
PROFORMA
Title of the Report : Seismic hazard / risk microzonation of Ahmedabad city, Gujarat
Name of the authors(s) : A. K. Saxena, Surendra Prasad and D. N. Fulzele
1. Background of the investigation at whose instance or with what particular objective in view the investigation was undertaken
: Preparation of Seismic hazard map of Ahmedabad city
2. Whether the item of investigation was included in the approved programme for the year concerned. If so, particulars, such as item No., page reference etc. may be given.
: Yes, Item No. 35 of FSP 2003-04
Page No. 30
3. Date of commencement of the investigation with month and year, and exact number of days spent by the officers(s) in the field in connection with the investigation
: October, 2003, 281 days
4. Brief comments by Director/Supervisory officer on the conclusion and recommendation by the author(s) with suggestion for implementing the same.
: SPT for soils proposed for remaining part of Ahmedabad city in next field season (2004-05) will be useful in the characterization of different seismic microzone
5. Please state specifically how the results of the investigation were achieved compared with the objective for which it was undertaken.
: The objective of the investigation has been achieved
Place : Jaipur Signature :
Date: Name:
Designation. : Director Project/Divn.: Earthquake Geology Division Operation / Region : Western Region