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COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIESFP7- INFRASTRUCTURES-2008-1SP4-Capacities

S E R I E SSEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES

SP4 Capacities

FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES1st Workshop – Iasi, July 14th 2009

Transnational Access to the ELSA InfrastructureInfrastructure

Georges Magonetteg gand

Fabio Taucer

Joint Research Centre (JRC)Ispra - Italy

SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES

Overview of the presentationOverview of the presentation

• Contractual issues

• Mission of ELSA• Mission of ELSA

• ELSA Experimental Activities

• ELSA instrumentation and servo-control equipmentequipment

• Example: The ESECMaSE project

SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009


Summary of Contractual issuesSummary of Contractual issues

SERIES Project Per Project

# of Access Days 24 6# of Access Days 24 6Number of users 46 12Days spent at the infrastrutcure 140 35

Days spent (per user) 3.0

Estimated number of projects: 4

Only reaction wall among the facilities offering


Translational Access (TA) in SERIES


Unit of access: “access day”Unit of access: access day

• Is a day when experimental activities are carried outIs a day when experimental activities are carried outusing the facilities of the infrastructure to perform thosetests requested by a user group to fulfil the objectives oftheir project

• These activities involve: use of the structural controlsystem and the data acquisition system of the laboratoryhooked up to the loading system (actuators, hammerand/or shaker) and to the instrumentation, respectively.

• A full day, equivalent to 7.5 working hours, will bey q grecorded for the project to which access is delivered.



An access day encompasses the An access day encompasses the following experimental activities:

• Modal evaluation

• Ambient or forced vibration,

M t i h li d d i• Monotonic, pushover, cyclic, pseudo-dynamic,sub-structured or snap-back tests

• Photographic and video records of the specimen

• Photogrammetric records for tracing damage• Photogrammetric records for tracing damage

• Real-time data visualisation of the tests viaT l


Telepresence


Activities included in the cost of an Activities included in the cost of an access day but not accounted as access da s:access days:

Preparatory tests planned by the laboratory staffPreparatory tests planned by the laboratory staffand conducted to:

• Guarantee the functionality and safety of theexperiment

• Ensure the reliability of data and to calibrate theinstrumentation and servo-systemsinstrumentation and servo systems



Other services given to UsersOther services given to Users

• Fabrication of full scale models• Fabrication of full scale models

• Preliminary destructive or non destructive tests for material properties identification of the test model

• Techniques for modal assessment and system identificationidentification

• Training



Mission of the ELSA LaboratoryMission of the ELSA LaboratoryTo provide research and contribute to European Standards for risk mitigation in

construction through integrated use of experimental testing and numerical modeling in Structural Mechanics


General view


ELSA Experimental ActivitiesELSA Experimental ActivitiesDevelopmentsSeismic Assessment of Civil Structures

Research for structural vulnerability assessment Quasi-static testing:

Conventional PsD testing

- Research for structural vulnerability assessment

of civil structures under earthquakes

Strengthening/repair techniques for civil and on full-scale models

Continuous PsD (CPsD)

- Strengthening/repair techniques for civil and

cultural heritage structures.

- Tests on Components testing

PsD testing with b t t i

Tests on Components

Structural Response Control

substructuring

Fast on-line testing with substructuring (fast hybrid

-Passive Control: Base isolation, energy dissipation devices.(metallic yield, friction, viscoelastic dampers, tuned mass, tuned liquid dampers)

-Semi-Active Control Variable-friction, variable-orifice,controllable-fluid dampers (ER/MR), controllable tuned liquid dampers. substructuring (fast hybrid

testing)

p ( ), q p

- Active Control (Cable Stayed Bridges…)

Structural Health Monitoring


Dynamic testing: shaker…- Experimental Modal Analysis, Struct. Identification


ELSA Experimental ActivitiesELSA Experimental Activities

The ELSA reaction wallThe ELSA reaction wall.

• 22 dynamic actuators 500 – 2000 kN• 4 actuators 3000kN; 4 actuators 5000kN

• Pseudodynamic testing on full scale models• 2 testing platforms


• Hydraulic capacity: 1500 l/min – 21 Mpa • Unique test installation in Europe• Integrated in European network of shaking tables


ELSA instrumentation and servo-ELSA instrumentation and servocontrol equipment

Data acquisition System: 200 channels, 16-bit SSH

Transducers: displacement acceleration force pressure deformationTransducers: displacement, acceleration, force, pressure, deformation (Strain gages), inclinometers…

In-house developments:p

Servo-controllers dedicated to continuous PsD tests

Photogrammetry equipment used for Stereo Vision and Displacement Field on 3D ObjectsGrid

Dedicated Database Software for easy signal recovery and processing

Strong involvment in the development of techniques for telepresence,


teleoperation and in general, distributed laboratory environment


ELSA Experimental ActivitiesELSA Experimental ActivitiesIllustration of the “Hardware in the loop” concept:

The Continuous PsD method

Input Interface (ADC) Measurement transducers

SpecimenComputer p( ) ( ) ( ) gt t t a+ + = −Ma Cv r MI

Numerical Model

p

Servo-control Algorithm

Output Interface (DAC) Actuation system


High speed loop


ELSA Experimental ActivitiesELSA Experimental ActivitiesAdvantages of Continuous PsD Method:

•Test speed is increased and control errors are

diminished at the same timediminished at the same time

•Stress relaxation is strongly reduced

•Explicit integration scheme is always stable

•The quality of every measure is increased since it takesThe quality of every measure is increased since it takes

the average of many real sub-steps

•Possibility to test structures protected by strain rate

sensitive devices




Construction norms (Eurocodes) Strengthening/repair and rehabilitation

SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009Anti-seismic Isolation Preservation of

monuments



SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009Transportation of the building specimen inside of ELSA


ELSA Experimental ActivitiesSeismic PErformance Assessment and Rehabilitation of existing buildings

ELSA Experimental Activities

Bi-axial PsD test of a 3-storey torsionally unbalanced RC structure



ELSA Experimental ActivitiesELSA Experimental ActivitiesSpear: Tests on the rehabilitatedstructure (PGA=0.30g)



ELSA Experimental ActivitiesELSA Experimental ActivitiesConsidering the different phases of a test, the total duration

of a project is generally at least 2 years !!!of a project is generally at least 2 years !!!

Project design, modeling, numerical simulation,• Construction outside of the laboratory• Construction outside of the laboratory,• Move the structure in the laboratory,• Instrumentation servo-control equipment and dynamicInstrumentation, servo control equipment and dynamic

analysis,• Pre-tests campaign (verification tests and preliminary

1 yeap g ( p yanalysis),

• Tests campaign and (if requested) tests on the

ar

rehabilitated structure, • Experimental results analysis, validation of numerical

models


models,• Move the structure outside for demolition.


ELSA Experimental ActivitiesELSA Experimental ActivitiesThe PsD testing with substructuring

∫= V

T dVCBBKPseudo-Dynamic LoadingSimulates deck motiondue to earthquake

Deck modeledanalytically byF.E.M.

Piers tested

- Critical parts are tested- The remaining structure is computedPiers tested

physicallyThe remaining structure is computed

Allow asynchronous loading! Both are coupled through Pseudo-Dynamic

numerical model

SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009Application for bridge, subcomponent or distributed testing



Numerical models for the

Application to the Warth Bridge, Austria

substructured piers A20, A30

Numerical models for the substructured piers A50, A60

Numerical model for the deck and PSD master

Construction of the large-scale bridge piers outside of the

Master experimental process

WIEN GRAZ

bridge piers outside of the ELSA lab Physical piers A40 & A70

in the lab

Warth Bridge

62.00 m 62.00 m67.00 m 67.00 m 67.00 m 67.00 m 67.00 m

P6(A70)


P1(A20)P2(A30) P3(A40) P4(A50) P5(A60)

P6(A70)


The ESECMaSE projectEnhanced Safety and Efficient Construction of Masonry Structures in Europe

p j

Framework: Collective Research Project (DG RTD call FP6-2002-SME-2), 2004 200826 partners (Industrial Associations/Groupings, SMEs and RTD performers)3 ME f 2004 t 20083 MEuro from 2004 to 2008

Motivation: With EC6/EC8 and the new seismic zonation, traditional load bearing masonry will no longer be possible in many areas of central Europe will no longer be possible in many areas of central Europe

Loss of market share

Objectives: Assessment, improvement and exploitation of the actual capacity of (modern) j , p p p y ( )masonry buildings to sustain lateral loading

Possible updating of European Norms (design codes and test standards)

T k O i i i f i l i h i l i i i ( i Tasks: Optimization of material properties, theoretical investigations (stress state in shear walls, suitable test methods for masonry materials and members, design methods), static/PsD/dynamic tests on masonry walls and structures


Test at ELSA: Full scale verification of the seismic performance of a selected type of building


The ESECMaSE projectp j

1.005.30

1 00

+ symmetry conditions on the cutting planeLoading direction + equal displacements on both sides at each floor

1.001.00

4.751.50

Ground 5.301.20

1.40

level0.20

2.50

0.20


2.50

Weak direction


ESECMaSE: materials and constructionESECMaSE: materials and constructionClay bricks Calcium silicate brick



ESECMaSE: the test set-up… and in the labOn the paper …

p



ESECMaSE: Vertical and horizontal loadinggVertical loading:

- Seismic design value (dead loads + 30% live loads)g ( 3 )- Water tanks are distributed on each floor to account for the dead/live loads missing in the lab and for the loads inherent to the testing set-up

* g

Horizontal loading:- Artificial time history (10s)

0 .0 8

0 .1 0

0 .1 2

y ( )- Compatible EC8 spectrum- Type I, Soil B, PGA = 0.04g

T [ s ] 0 .4 0 . 8 1 .2 1 . 6 2 . 0 2 .4 2 . 8 3 .2 3 .6

0 .0 2

0 .0 4

0 .0 6

0 2

0 . 4

[ m / s 2 ]

- 0 2

0 . 2

SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . [ s ]

- 0 . 4

- 0 . 2


ESECMaSE: Pseudodynamic testingy g• Two d.o.f. system• Diagonal mass matrixDiagonal mass matrix• No damping• Testing sequence: 0.02g, 0.04g, 0.06g, …until failureg q g, 4g, g,• Continuous PsD testing• 114 recording channels + photogrammetry on a shear wall



ESECMaSE: Evolution of top displacement ESECMaSE: Evolution of top displacement (calcium silicate specimen)



ESECMaSE: Low Intensity test (0.02g)ESECMaSE: Low Intensity test (0.02g)



ESECMaSE: First relevant damages (0.12g) ESECMaSE: First relevant damages (0.12g)



ESECMaSE: High intensity test (0 20g)ESECMaSE: High intensity test (0.20g)



ESECM SE L t t t (0 20 ) th ESECMaSE: Last test (0.20g) on the calcium silicate specimenp



ESECMaSE: Evolution of top ESECMaSE: Evolution of top displacement (clay brick specimen)



ESECM SE L t t t (0 22 ) th ESECMaSE: Last test (0.22g) on the clay specimeny p



ESECMaSE: ConclusionESECMaSE: Conclusion

• The continuous PsD method is a very accurate techniquefor the seismic testing of brick structures. It does not modifyh d i d i d d ll i f ithe dynamic damping and produces excellent informationfor the calibration of numerical models

BUT

• The PsD method does not model local vibrations/failuresobserved in the shaking table tests because thesegvibrations/failures are due to local inertial forces




PRECAST EC8: Seismic Behaviour of Precast Concrete Structures with

SEISRACK: Research activity on the seismic behaviour of standard steel

Precast Concrete Structures with respect to Eurocode 8 (Co-normative research)


seismic behaviour of standard steel storage racks in seismic areas


ELSA Experimental ActivitiesELSA Experimental ActivitiesPROMETEO project: Test of full scale 14 m glass / carbon composite box beam connected to a concrete deck

The bending test set up

The composite box beamThe composite box beam

Beam at failureD i l d 1600 kN


Design load 1600 kNFailure load 2400 kN



Thank you very much for your attention Thank you very much for your attention


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