Segregation and Segregation and Discrimination Discrimination

1313thth, 14, 14thth, 15, 15thth AMENDMENTSAMENDMENTSRECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTSRECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS

1313THTH AMENDMENT AMENDMENTOUTLAWED SLAVERYOUTLAWED SLAVERY

1414THTH AMENDMENT AMENDMENTMADE AFRICAN AMERICANS CITIZENSMADE AFRICAN AMERICANS CITIZENS

GUARANTEED EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER GUARANTEED EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAWTHE LAW1515THTH AMENDMENT AMENDMENT

GUARANTEED AFRICAN AMERICANS THE GUARANTEED AFRICAN AMERICANS THE RIGHT TO VOTERIGHT TO VOTE

13, 14, 15 – FREE, CITIZENS,VOTE13, 14, 15 – FREE, CITIZENS,VOTE

The 13The 13thth, 14, 14thth and 15 and 15thth Amendments were supposed to Amendments were supposed to

protect the rights of African protect the rights of African Americans under the U.S. Americans under the U.S.

Constitution…Constitution…But they did not because of a But they did not because of a ruling by the U.S. Supreme ruling by the U.S. Supreme

Court…Court…

PLESSY v. PLESSY v. FERGUSONFERGUSON (1896)(1896)

Homer PlessyHomer Plessy

U.S. Supreme Court U.S. Supreme Court case that made case that made

segregation legal in segregation legal in the United Statesthe United States

Established Established the principle the principle of “separate of “separate but equal”but equal”

PLESSY v. PLESSY v. FERGUSON FERGUSON (1896)(1896)““Separate but equal” Separate but equal”

meant that minorities meant that minorities were not allowed in the were not allowed in the same places as whitessame places as whites

Southern states passed Southern states passed laws that legalized laws that legalized segregation known as segregation known as “Jim Crow” laws“Jim Crow” laws

For the next 70 For the next 70 years, Jim Crow years, Jim Crow laws dominated laws dominated

society in the society in the South for African South for African

Americans. Americans.

Preformed in black Preformed in black face.face.

““Jim Crow” was a Jim Crow” was a pejorative term pejorative term from the 1828 from the 1828 minstrel song minstrel song

“Jump, Jim Crow”“Jump, Jim Crow”

Some areas that were separate:

Bus station waiting rooms and ticket windows

Railroad cars or coaches

Restaurants and lunch counters

Schools and public parks

Restrooms and water fountains

Sections of movie theaters

There were even separate cemeteries

At the bus station, Durham, North Carolina, 1940.

Greyhound bus terminal, Memphis, Tennessee. 1943.

A rest stop for bus passengers on the way from Louisville, Kentucky to Nashville, Tennessee, with

separate entrance for Blacks. 1943.

A sign at bus station, Rome, Georgia. 1943.

A highway sign advertising tourist cabins for Blacks, South Carolina. 1939.

Cafe, Durham, North Carolina. 1939.

Drinking fountain on the courthouse lawn, Halifax, North Carolina. 1938.

Movie theater’s "Colored" entrance, Belzoni, Mississippi. 1939.

The Rex theater for colored people, Leland, Mississippi. June 1937.

Restaurant, Lancaster, Ohio. 1938.

Water cooler in the street car terminal, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 1939.

Sign above movie theater, Waco, Texas. 1939.

Beale Street, Memphis, Tennessee. 1939.

What to do about it?

Two most influential black leaders:

• Booker T. Washington

• W.E.B. DuBois

Assignment

Write about your feelings in next 20 minutes:• Letter

• Essay

• Song

• Poem

• Drawing