SEEM 3430 – Tutorial 2

Two Examples on

Requirement Definition and Use Cases

Outline

• Simplified Library System

• Online Product Catalog

Simplified Library System• Users Registration• Books Information Database• Book Reservation

– Not discussed. i.e. we assume the number of users and books are fixed, and no reservations are allowed.

• Books Searching• Books Lending

– Assume no renewals and early recalls.• Automatic Notifications• Checking User’s Record

– Assume their personal information does not need updates.

• Books Returning

Books Searching

• On the online database, users can search for any books, by keywords, authors, year of publish and so on.

• A list of search results will be shown after the user has entered the search criteria.

• The user can view the detailed information, including the call number and status of the book by clicking on its entry on the list.

Books Lending

• If a user find a book (nobody has borrowed it), and he would like to borrow it, he could bring it to the counter for checking out.

• Staff will check the status of the book and the record of the user to see if he has borrowed books more than the limit. This is done by inputting the book’s information into the system and the system will do the checking automatically.

• If the user is legitimate to borrow the book, a record will be made in the system’s database.

Automatic Notification

• Before 2 days for any books being overdue, a notification showing the books’ information will be sent to the user’s email account by the system, automatically.

Checking User’s Record

• Users can check their borrowing record online.

• They need to log in the system before doing that.

• They can check what books they have borrowed and the due dates and the incurred fines due to overdue.

Books Returning

• If a user return a book, his borrowing record will be checked to see if the book has been overdue. If yes, he will need to pay the fine, which is calculated by the system.

• The checking is done when the information of the book is entered to the system by staffs.

• The record will be updated accordingly.

Functional Requirements – Book Searching

• Process– The system must have an interface for users to enter

search criteria for books with keywords, authors, year of publish and so on.

– The system must show a list of search results to users upon they entered the search criteria.

– The system must show the detailed information of the book if the user has clicked on the entry.

• Data– The system must contain detailed data of books.

Functional Requirements – Book Lending

• Process– The system must check the status of book and the

record of user to determine the legitimacy of him to borrow a book, when a staff entered the books information and the user ID.

• Data– The system must contain user’s information and his

borrowing record. – The system must contain status of the book.

Functional Requirements – Automatic Notification

• Process– The system must check continuously if there

are any overdue for any user in the next two days and send email notifications to them.

• Data– Mentioned in previous slides.

Nonfunctional Requirements• Operational

– The online system must work on any browser.– (If appropriate) The system must be able to integrate with other

systems of the organization.

• Performance– The system must allow more than 100 users using it at the same

time.– The system must maintain the consistency of records in the

database/ deal with concurrencies.– The system should respond user/staff within 10 seconds.

• Security– The system must require users/staff to login for performing

particular actions.– The system must only allow authorized person to access the

data.

• Cultural?

Use Cases

• Can be developed based on the functional requirements plus some other description from end users.

• No fixed format. But need to be easily understood by end users.

Use Case Name: Enter data for book searching ID: 1 Importance Level: Medium

Primary Actor: User

Short Description: It describes how users enter data or search criteria in the interface or online system for searching books and receive a list that fit his criteria.

Trigger: User browsing the online catalogue websiteType: External/ Temporal

Major Inputs Description: Sources: Major Outputs Description: Destination:

1. Criteria in keywords and dropdown lists, etc

User 1. List of book names and partial details of book that fit users’ criteria

User

2. All Books’ details and status from the database

Database 2. Further details of the selected book

User

3. Book selected User

Major Steps Performed: Information for Steps:

1. Users enter keywords and do all the settings on the search page and click the “Submit” button

Keywords and settings

2. The page shows a list of book names and partial details of book that fit users’ criteria

ID, names, and partial details of books

3. User click on an entry to view details ID of the selected book

4. The page shows details and status of the book selected

Further details and status of the book

5. … …

Use Case Name: Lending of Books ID: 2 Importance Level: Medium

Primary Actor: User, staff

Short Description: It describes how staff can determine if the user can borrow a book away and update the records.

Trigger: User bringing a book that he want to borrow to the counter.Type: External/ Temporal

Major Inputs Description: Sources: Major Outputs Description:

Destination:

1. Borrower’s user ID, books ID Staff 1. The user’s information, borrowing record, and the legitimacy of him to borrow the book.

Staff

2. All user’s information, borrowing records and books information

Database 2. Record of lending Database

3. Staff’s decision for lending Staff 3. Notification Staff

Major Steps Performed: Information for Steps:

1. Staff enter user ID and book ID by scanning devices.

User ID and book ID

2. The interface shows user’s information, borrowing record, and show the legitimacy of him to borrow the book after some computation.

user’s information, borrowing record, and the legitimacy of the user to borrow the book.

2.1 If the action is not legitimate, the use case exits. -

2.2 If the action is legitimate, then the staff click on the “Lent” button to lend out the book.

2.2.1 A record is inputted with the due date calculated by the system.

Staff decision/ click

Borrowing record

Use Case Name: Automatic Notification for Due Dates ID: 3 Importance Level: Medium

Primary Actor: Time

Short Description: The system sends out reminder to user’s email account if he has books that will be overdue within two days

Trigger: The system searched the database and find a user has books that will be overdue in two daysType: External/ Temporal

Major Inputs Description: Sources: Major Outputs Description:

Destination:

1. Users’ borrowing records Database 1. Records showing overdue in 2 days

System

2. User’s information, book information for records showing overdue in 2 days

System 2. Email notification with details

User

Major Steps Performed: Information for Steps:

1. System scan through the record to sort out records that will be overdue in two days

Borrowing records

1.1. If no records found, the use case exits. -

1.2. If records are found, email notifications are produced and sent to the user

Borrower’s information and book information.

Online Product Catalog

• Assumption

• For simplicity, we consider database need no updating and the purpose of the webpage is just for users’ quick searching of products.

Product Searching

• On the online database, users can search for any goods/product, by category, keywords, brands, prices etc.

• A list of search results will be shown after the user has entered the search criteria.

• The user can view the detailed information.

Illustration

Functional Requirements

• Process-oriented requirements– The system must have an interface for users to enter

search criteria for product with category, keywords, brands, price.

– The system must check validity of the users’ input.

– The system must show a list of search results to users upon they entered valid search criteria.

– The system must show the detailed information of the product if the user has clicked on the entry.

Functional Requirements Cont’

• Data-oriented requirements– The system must contain data of product,

including:• Name• Description• (Paths of) Photos (any number)• Price• Information of stores the product is

available at (any number)

Nonfunctional Requirements

• Operational– The online system must work on any browser.

• Performance– The system must allow more than 100 users using it at

the same time.– The system must maintain the consistency of records in

the database/ deal with concurrencies.– The system should respond user/staff within 10 seconds.

• Security, cultural…