Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks

Eric AngatTeacher

Sedimentary Rock # 14Shale- gray, fine grained, layered.

Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of silt and clay-size mineral particles that we commonly call "mud".

Sedimentary Rock # 13Sandstone – layered.

Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains of mineral, rock or organic material.

Sedimentary Rock #15Limestone – layered.

Limestone is a sedimentary rock consisting of more than 50% calcium carbonate (calcite - CaCO3). There are many different types of limestone formed through a variety of processes. Limestone can be precipitated from water (non-clastic, chemical or inorganic limestone), secreted by marine organisms such as algae and coral (biochemical limestone), or can form from the shells of dead sea creatures (bioclastic limestone).

Sedimentary Rock #16Conglomerate – gravel sized pebbles are evident.

Conglomerate is made up of rounded pebbles cemented together. The pebbles have been rounded by the action of moving water. This could be from a river or stream or from waves on a long ago beach.

Sedimentary Rock #12Gypsum – white, powdery.

Gypsum is found in nature in mineral and rock form. As a mineral, it can form very pretty, and sometimes extremely large, crystals. As a rock, gypsum is a sedimentary rock, typically found in thick beds or layers.

Conglomerates have rounded clasts

Breccias have angular clasts

Clast refers to the fragments of rocks.Angular clasts did not erode far from where the rock formed.

Identifying Metamorphic Rocks

Arkose is a raw, coarse-

grained sandstone, deposited very near its source, that consists of quartz and a significant proportion of feldspar.

Arkose is known to be young because of its content of feldspar, a mineral that usually degrades quickly into clay.

sandstone

Sedimentary

clastic

Angular clasts Rounded clasts

Clastic rocks: Sedimentary RocksClastic rocks are composed of fragments, or CLASTS, of pre-existing minerals and rock. A clast is a fragment of broken rock.

Non-clastic Sedimentary Rocks

Fine particles Layered

# of the Rock

Name of RockCheck the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.

ColorIs it black, white, grey etc.?

Type of Sedimentary rockClasticChemical Biologic

Shape of ClastsNon-clasticAngularSub-roundedWell-rounded

TextureCoarseMediumFine

SORTINGPoorly sortedWell sortedGrains and matrix

I. Observing Sedimentary Rock11 Arkose 12 Gypsum 13 Sandstone 14 Shale 15 Limestone 16 Conglomerate

11 Arkose pink clastic

Shape of Particles

Angular Sub-rounded Well-rounded

# of the Rock

Name of RockCheck the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.

ColorIs it black, white, grey etc.?

Type of Sedimentary rockClasticChemical Biologic

Shape of ClastsNon-clasticAngularSub-roundedWell-rounded

TextureCoarseMediumFine

SORTINGPoorly sortedWell sortedGrains and matrix

I. Observing Sedimentary Rock11 Arkose 12 Gypsum 13 Sandstone 14 Shale 15 Limestone 16 Conglomerate

11 Arkose pink clastic Angular

Grain size/texture Coarse

Medium

Fine

# of the Rock

Name of RockCheck the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.

ColorIs it black, white, grey etc.?

Type of Sedimentary rockClasticChemical Biologic

Shape of ClastsNon-clasticAngularSub-roundedWell-rounded

TextureCoarseMediumFine

SORTINGPoorly sortedWell sortedGrains and matrix

I. Observing Sedimentary Rock11 Arkose 12 Gypsum 13 Sandstone 14 Shale 15 Limestone 16 Conglomerate

11 Arkose pink clastic Angular Coarse

Sorting

Poorly Sorted

Well Sorted

# of the Rock

Name of RockCheck the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.

ColorIs it black, white, grey etc.?

Type of Sedimentary rockClasticChemical Biologic

Shape of ClastsNon-clasticAngularSub-roundedWell-rounded

TextureCoarseMediumFine

SORTINGPoorly sortedWell sortedGrains and matrix

I. Observing Sedimentary Rock11 Arkose 12 Gypsum 13 Sandstone 14 Shale 15 Limestone 16 Conglomerate

11 Arkose pink clastic Angular CoarsePoorly Sorted

Metamorphic Rock #24Slate- black, fine grained, folitated

Metamorphic Rock #22Marble-white, non foliated rock.

Metamorphic Rock #25Gneiss- black and white banding, foliated

Metamorphic Rock #23Schist – fine foliations, visible crystals

Schist is formed by regional metamorphism has coarse mineral grains.

Metamorphic Rock #21Amphibolite- black with small crystals.

Metamorphic Rock #26Antrhacite- black, light weight.

Anthracite Coal Metamorphic Rock. Black rock formed from plant material and has no grains. Anthracite is the rarest and most expensive form of coal.

Identifying Metamorphic Rocks

Clastic sedimentary rock

Foliated metamorphic rock

Layered rocks aredue to compaction.

Foliated rocks aredue to heat and pressure.

Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

# of the Rock

Name of RockCheck the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.

ColorIs it shiny, dull, black, white, grey etc.?

Is it foliated or non foliated?

Contact metamorphism OrRegional metamorphism

TextureIs it smooth or rough?

II. Observing Metamorphic Rock21 Amphibolite 22 marble 23 Schist 24 Slate 25 Gneiss 26 Anthracite

25 Gneiss

25 Gneiss WHITE AND GREY BANDING

# of the Rock

Name of RockCheck the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.

ColorIs it shiny, dull, black, white, grey etc.?

Is it foliated or non foliated?

Contact metamorphism OrRegional metamorphism

TextureIs it smooth or rough?

II. Observing Metamorphic Rock21 Amphibolite 22 marble 23 Schist 24 Slate 25 Gneiss 26 Anthracite

25 Gneiss

25 Gneiss WHITE AND GREY BANDING Foliated

Deep –high pressure

Shallow and cool

Very hot

Contact metamorphism

Regional metamorphism

Regional metamorphism

Non foliated

Foliation not very visible

Foliation is very visible

# of the Rock

Name of RockCheck the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.

ColorIs it shiny, dull, black, white, grey etc.?

Is it foliated or non foliated?

Contact metamorphism OrRegional metamorphism

TextureIs it smooth or rough?

II. Observing Metamorphic Rock21 Amphibolite 22 marble 23 Schist 24 Slate 25 Gneiss 26 Anthracite

25 Gneiss

25 Gneiss WHITE AND GREY BANDING Foliated Regional

metamorphism

# of the Rock

Name of RockCheck the number on the rock and compare it with the key above.

ColorIs it shiny, dull, black, white, grey etc.?

Is it foliated or non foliated?

Contact metamorphism OrRegional metamorphism

TextureIs it smooth or rough?

II. Observing Metamorphic Rock21 Amphibolite 22 marble 23 Schist 24 Slate 25 Gneiss 26 Anthracite

25 Gneiss

25 Gneiss WHITE AND GREY BANDING Foliated Regional

metamorphism Rough

Feel the rock with your fingers and decide its texture.

Rock Sedimentary rock

Metamorphic rock

Igneous rock

Clastic Chemical biological intrusive extrusive Foliated or

regional

Non foliated

or

contact

sandstone

granite

gneiss

basalt

marble

shale

slate

Classify the following rock samples.