SECURITY OF SUPPLY IN FINLANDAND THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY SUPPLY AGENCY

31 October 2019

Christian Fjäder (PhD, MBA), DirectorNational Emergency Supply Agency (NESA), Finland

COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY

Continuity of Government

Economicsecurity

European Union and international

arrangements

National defence Homeland security Psychological resilience

WELLBEINGOF THE

POPULATION

ECONOMIC SECURITY

MARKET-ACCESS SECURITY AND

ACCESS TO FINANCE

SECURITY OF SUPPLY

SYSTEMIC LEVELECONOMIC SECURITY

SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY

CRITICALINFRASTRUCTURE

PROTECTION

WELLBEING OF THE

POPULATION

SECURE INFRASTRUCTURE

FUNCTIONING ECONOMY

NATIONAL DEFENCE

SECURITY OF SUPPLY AS PART OF COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY

Securing the vital needs of the population

Securing the economy’s ability to produce vital products and services

Securing critical infrastructure to ensure the ability to deliver vital

services

Securing critical resources and infrastructure for national defence

• Established by a Government Act in 1992

•Governed by a Board of Directors

• Staff of ~40 managed by the CEO

• Financed by the National Emergency Supply Fund

•Reports to the Government through the Ministry for Economic Affairs

and Employment

NESA FACTS

Mission: Secure the continuity of the society’s critical economic functions and technical

systems for citizens’ wellbeing and national defense in the event of serious

disruptions and emergencies.

Tasks: - Promote public-private cooperation

- Secure the functioning of critical technical systems

- Secure the production of critical goods and services, including for national defense

- Manage the mandatory stockpiles and security stockpiles

- Maintain reserve stocks critical for fulfilling both the NESA mission and Finland’s

international commitments

NESA MISSION AND TASKS

• Disruptions to data communication systems and networks (cyber threats)

• Interruptions to energy supply

• Serious disruption to public health and people's ability to function

• Natural disasters and environmental accidents

The most serious external threat is a crisis situation temporarily impeding Finland's ability to produce

or import critical products and services.

KEY THREATS

OPERATIONAL TOOLKIT

OPERATIONAL & FINANCIAL

INSTRUMENTS

OWNERSHIP

COOPERATION & INFORMATION

REGULATION

RESILIENCE

Global Economy

Baltic Sea

Region

Privatesector

STRATEGIC CONTEXT

FINLAND IS ONE OF THE WORLD’S MOST GLOBALISEDCOUNTRIES

FINNISH ECONOMY DEPENDS ON EXTERNAL TRADE

National defence

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Finland Germany Netherlands United Kingdom

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Finland Germany Netherlands United Kingdom

Exports, share of GDP 2018 Imports, share of GDP 2018

CRITICAL FLOWS: EXAMPLESICT cablessubmarinecablemap.com

Electricity transmission entsoe.eu

Maritime trafficshipmap.org

Gas transmissionentsog.eu

Security of Supply Council

National Emergency Supply Agency

Food supply

Primaryproduction

Food industry

Retail & distribution

Householdpreparedness

Energy

Power & districtheating

Oil & natural gas

Logisticalnetworks &

services

Air

Surface

Maritime

Health

Public health

Water

Waste

Finance & insurance

Finance

Insurance

Industry

Chemical

Forest

Military

Construction

Plastic & rubber

Technology

Other

Media

Digital

PUBLIC-PRIVATE COOPERATION NETWORKNATIONAL EMERGENCY SUPPLY ORGANISATION

Regional Enterprise Commissions

SECTO

RS

PO

OLS

Legal basis

State owned reserve

stockpiles

Compulsory stockpiles

Security stockpiles

Purpose Products

Act on Safeguarding Security of Supply (1390/1992)

Protecting the livelihood of the population and functions of the economy

during a severe crisis

Act on Compulsory Stockpiles of Imported Fuels (1070/1994),

Act on Compulsory Stockpiling of Medicinal Products (979/2008)

Security Stockpiling Act (970/1982)

agreement based

Protecting the supply of fuels and pharmaceuticals during a severe

interruption in import

Protecting the livelihood of the population and manufacturing during an

interruption of supply of crucial raw materials

Critical products and materials (460/2018)

Crude oil, oil products, coal, (natural gas), medicines

Grains and seeds, imported fuels and crucial raw materials, hospital supplies,

medicines, alloys, chemicals

The stockpiling system

Reserve stockpiles of grain for food

• NESA, min. 6 months

• Commercial stocks at traders, food industry and farmers

Inputs in food production

• food industry

• critical basic chemicals

• selected packaging supplies, reserve stockpiles

• handbooks and operating instructions

Finland does not maintain reserves of prepared food products

Readiness for steering measures

EXAMPLE: FOOD SUPPLY

KEY DRIVERS

GLOBAL PUBLIC - PRIVATEMARKET DRIVEN

EXERCISES

e.g. JÄÄTYVÄ (’Freezing’) 2018

FORESIGHT

Report available at nesa.fi

Security Strategy for Society 2017https://turvallisuuskomitea.fi/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/YTS_2017_english.pdf

National Risk Assessment 2018https://intermin.fi/julkaisut/julkaisu?pubid=URN:ISBN:978-952-324-249-4

Government Report on Finnish Foreign and Security Policy 2016http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-287-271-5

Government’s Defence Report 2017https://www.defmin.fi/files/3688/J07_2017_Governments_Defence_Report_Eng_PLM_160217.pdf

Government Decision on the Objectives of Security of Supply 2018https://cdn.huoltovarmuuskeskus.fi/app/uploads/2019/04/08092304/Government-Decision-on-the-Objectives-of-Security-of-Supply.pdf

KEY STRATEGIC/POLICY DOCUMENTS

National Emergency Supply Agency

nesa.fi

THANK YOU!