security institutions reform – management or self- organization?the organization for security and...
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Security Institutions Reform – Management or Self-
Organization? TheThe
Organization for Security and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Co-operation in Europe
(OSCE)(OSCE)
Don´t fix it if it ain´t broken
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Stereotypes and Reality.....
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International Organisations as Actors?
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The largest European
Security Institution composed of 56 States
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The Concept of The Concept of “Interlocking Institutions“ “Interlocking Institutions“
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““Interlocking Decision-making“ Interlocking Decision-making“
In reality, “Interlocking“ would In reality, “Interlocking“ would be undertaken by the respective be undertaken by the respective
Foreign Ministries...Foreign Ministries...
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OriginsOrigins
It was not planned that way,It was not planned that way,it just happenedit just happened
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CurrentCurrentStructuresStructures
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Structures IDecision-
Making Bodies
Structures IDecision-
Making BodiesMinisterial
Council(annual)
Senior Council(2x/year)
Chairperson-in-Office (one year)
Chair as with C-i-O
Chair as with C-i-O
Chair rotates quarterly
Permanent Council(weekly)
Forum for SecurityCo-operation
(weekly)
Summit Meetings(bi-annual)
ParliamentaryAssembly
ParliamentaryAssembly
All 56
Participating States
All 56
Participating States
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Structures II : Executive LevelStructures II : Executive Level
Chairman-in-Office
RepresentativeFreedom of Media
SecretaryGeneral
High Commissioneron National Minorities
Administrative ControlAdministrative Control
ODIHR
SecretariatConflict
Prevention Center(OpsCent+ SitRoom)
Department ofManagement and Finance
Office of the SG
Department ofHuman
Resources
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CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Organization for Organization for Security and Co-operationSecurity and Co-operationSecurity Security byby Co-operationCo-operation
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Characteristics ICharacteristics I
Regional Arrangementunder Chapter VIII
UN-Charter
Primary Function:
Cooperative Security
(Art. 52)
Primary Function:
Cooperative Security
(Art. 52)
No Enforcement,except whenauthorized by
UN Security Council (Art. 53)
Prevention rather than repressionPrevention rather than repression
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InstrumentsInstruments
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Instruments of Conflict Prevention in the OSCE Framework
In the Political Field• Peaceful Settlement of
Disputes• Political and Humanitarian
Emergency Mechanisms• Missions of Preventive
Diplomacy and Crisis Management
• High Commissioner on National Minorities
In the Military Field
• Confidence- and Security-Building Measures
• Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Issues
• Military Emergency Mechanisms
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TajikistanTajikistan
Types:Types:•preventivepreventive•Conflict ResolutionConflict Resolution•Post-conflict rehabilitationPost-conflict rehabilitation
199219921993199319941994199519951996199619971997199819981999199920002000200120012002200220032003
OSCE Field OperationsOSCE Field Operations
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?StabilityStability
InstabilityInstability““Transmission belt“Transmission belt“
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Russian FederationRussian Federation
criticizescriticizes::
- “One-sided“ emphasis on problem - “One-sided“ emphasis on problem areas in Eastern Europeareas in Eastern Europe;; - “Lack of balance“ between the - “Lack of balance“ between the human dimension and the politico-human dimension and the politico-military dimension;military dimension;- Western domination.- Western domination.
Looses interest in OSCE Looses interest in OSCE
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Their last hope vanished...Their last hope vanished...
““Platform for co-operative Security”Platform for co-operative Security”
•International Co-operation based on Partnership International Co-operation based on Partnership excluding excluding hierarchy and permanent division of labourhierarchy and permanent division of labour
Istanbul Charter 1999Istanbul Charter 1999
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Reforms ??
Panel of Panel of Eminent Eminent Persons, Persons,
20052005
Recommend-Recommend-ationsations
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Recommendations:Recommendations:
- - Strengthening the OSCE's identity and Strengthening the OSCE's identity and profile. profile. - - Improving consultative and decision-Improving consultative and decision-making processes. making processes. - - Clarifying the roles of the Chairman-in-Clarifying the roles of the Chairman-in-Office and Secretary General. Office and Secretary General. - - Enhancing field operations. Enhancing field operations. - - Strengthening operational capacities. Strengthening operational capacities.
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Recommendations:Recommendations:
Strengthening the OSCE's identity and Strengthening the OSCE's identity and profile: profile: - Legal personality- Legal personality- Concise “Statute” or “Charter”- Concise “Statute” or “Charter”- Raise profile by focusing on limited - Raise profile by focusing on limited range of prioritiesrange of priorities- Provide to the public a better - Provide to the public a better understanding understanding
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Recommendations:Recommendations:
Improving consultative and decision-Improving consultative and decision-making processes:making processes:- Committee structure (Security, Human - Committee structure (Security, Human Dimension, Economy and Environment)Dimension, Economy and Environment)- Merge FSC with Security - Merge FSC with Security Committee(?)Committee(?)- Consensus rule preserved- Consensus rule preserved- Identify countries blocking consensus- Identify countries blocking consensus- Streamline Ministerial Council - Streamline Ministerial Council MeetingsMeetings
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Recommendations:Recommendations:Clarifying the roles of CIO and SGClarifying the roles of CIO and SG
Chairman-in Chairman-in Office:Office:-Political -Political leadershipleadership-Political -Political iniativesiniatives-Assisting in -Assisting in building building consensusconsensus
Secretary GeneralSecretary General- Public face- Public face- Greater role in - Greater role in identifying potential identifying potential threatsthreats- More active role in- More active role inoperational managementoperational managementcoordinating OSCE coordinating OSCE activitiesactivities
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Recommendations:Recommendations:
Enhancing field operations:Enhancing field operations: - Clear mandates- Clear mandates- Mandates for one year , renewable- Mandates for one year , renewable- Realistic benchmarks- Realistic benchmarks- Regular reports by HOMs- Regular reports by HOMs- Local staffing to build national - Local staffing to build national capacitiescapacities- Thematic Missions- Thematic Missions- Transparent selection of HOMs- Transparent selection of HOMs
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Recommendations:Recommendations:
Strengthening operational capacitiesStrengthening operational capacities- Resist proliferation of structures;- Resist proliferation of structures;- - Personal and Special Representatives; Personal and Special Representatives; for limited time, no separate operational for limited time, no separate operational capabilites;capabilites;- Employment based on professionalism, - Employment based on professionalism, retain staff to preserve continuity;retain staff to preserve continuity;- Re-structure Secretariat to reflect - Re-structure Secretariat to reflect political and operational changes.political and operational changes.
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...But Russian Resistance...But Russian Resistancecontinues :continues :
- “Lack of balance“ - “Lack of balance“ between the human between the human dimension and the dimension and the politico-military politico-military dimension dimension - “One-sided“ - “One-sided“ emphasis on problem emphasis on problem areas in Eastern areas in Eastern EuropeEurope- Western domination- Western domination
-““Do not criticize Do not criticize our human rights our human rights record, but disarm“record, but disarm“- “Send missions - “Send missions also to problem also to problem areas in Western areas in Western Europe“Europe“- “Take us more - “Take us more serious – we are still serious – we are still a major power“a major power“
The core area of The core area of continued common continued common
interest:interest:The fight against The fight against
terrorismterrorism
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Conclusions
Conclusions:a)The OSCE works well within its
scope – do not overburden it;b)Problems are less of a structural
but more of a political nature;c)Whatever concepts we might
prefer – it is the States who finally decide;
d)Self-Organization is the only realistic way.