sectors and subsectors - asian development bank · pdf filesectors and subsectors ... wetlands...

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SECTORS AND SUBSECTORS

SECTORS AND SUBSECTORS ①①①①①①①①①①①①①

①①ADB’s sector classification structure consists of 11 sectors and 91 subsectors, including a multisector category. The sector classification does not refer to the type of goods or services funded or method of delivery of ADB’s support. It also does not reflect ADB’s organizational structure. The initiating division is required to indicate the primary sector. If the primary sector is not known, it is assigned to the subsector where the greatest investment is made. Where the investment under a loan or grant is made in multiple sectors, it is apportioned to the relevant sector(s) and subsector(s) of classification categories and the primary sector should be identified. Technical assistance projects that support ADB’s corporate, policy, and strategy development will be assigned ADB Corporate Management Policy and Strategy Development as the subsector under Multisector. Physical and financial contingencies and implementation consultancies are allocated on prorated basis to subsector titles.

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Sectors

Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Rural Development (ANR)

Education (EDU)

Energy (ENE)

Finance (FIN)

Health (HLT)

Industry and Trade (IND)

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Public Sector Management (PSM)

Transport (TRA)

Water and Other Urban Infrastructure and Services (WUS)

Multisector (MUL)

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Irrigation Actions to support irrigation, including investment in: surface irrigation; groundwater irrigation; sprinkler, drip, and trickle irrigation technologies; irrigation system modernization; canal control systems; and rain water harvest.

Agricultural drainage

Actions to support agricultural drainage, including investment in: subsurface drainage; agricultural drainage ditches; and drainage pumping and control infrastructure.

Rural flood protection

Actions to support rural flood protection, including investment in: flood protection; river bank strengthening and protection; channel improvements; and rural drainage.

Rural water supply services

Actions to support rural water supply services, including investment in: improvement of water source, including springs, groundwater, and surface; water storage and distribution networks, including communal faucets; and point source hand-pumps.

Rural sanitation Actions to rural sanitation, including investment in: basic sanitation improvement, including flush or pour flush, ventilated improved pit latrine, pit latrine with slab, composting toilet; and septic management/recycling/treatment, including ecological sanitation.

Rural solid waste management

Actions to rural solid waste management, including investment in: household solid waste; agricultural and small rural enterprise solid wastes; and waste segregation, landfill, composting, and biogas.

Rural market infrastructure

Actions to rural market infrastructure, including investment in: collection and postharvest handling centers, storage facilities, logistics; social and market facilities, link trails, trail bridges, jetties, flood refuge shelters; and farm to market and village roads.

Note: District and rural road and rural renewable energy are covered in transport and energy sectors, respectively.

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Agricultural production

Action to support upstream segment of the agriculture and food value chains, including investment in: crop, including staples, high value, industrial crops, and

export production; extension and advisory services (climate smart agriculture, resource conservation technologies); farm inputs (seeds, fertilizers, biofertilizer, compost, pesticides); on- and off-farm labor; bioenergy; and production/technology information.

Livestock Action to support livestock, including investment in: animal husbandry; and extension and advisory veterinary services.

Agro-industry, marketing, and trade

Action to support midstream to downstream segments of value chains and input markets, including investment in: machinery and other farm equipment, fertilizer, agrochemicals; food safety standards and regulations, sanitary and phytosanitary

measures, biosafety, certification, and accreditation system; agroprocessing and packaging; and agribusiness. Note: Rural finance, micro-finance and financing of micro, small and medium enterprises are covered in the finance sector.

Agriculture research and application

Action to support agriculture research and application, including investment in: genetic improvement, biotechnology, nanotechnology, biosecurity, adaptation, and mitigation to climate change; agricultural or agribusiness technology demonstrations and dissemination, incubators, economic clusters, networks; and agricultural research centers, agriculture academic institutions.

Fishery Action to support marine, coastal, inland, and aquaculture, including investment in: fishery resource management; safeguarding biodiversity, coral reefs, and endangered species; and fishery development.

Forestry Action to support and investment in: forest areas, mangroves, terrestrial ecosystems, and upland areas; management and protection, restoration, resilience enhancement, and maintenance of forest systems and its environmental services; and afforestation for carbon sequestration and for carbon markets and other mitigation and adaptation strategies.

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Land-based natural resources management

Action to support land administration and management, including investment in: upland management, dryland and pastureland development,

integrated mountain development; land administration services (cadastral surveys, land registration, geographical information systems, geomapping, impact monitoring); community-based resource management; and soil management, including land conservation, land leveling, land consolidation.

Water-based natural resources management

Action to support water based natural resources management, including investment in: water resources conservation; wetlands and ecosystem management and preservation; hydrological, meteorological and water use data and information; hydrological modeling and planning; water storage (including artificial recharge) and

groundwater management; integrated water resources management, water system development; and protection, conservation, and rehabilitation and management of wetlands, watershed, river basins and transboundary water.

Agricultural policy, institutional and capacity development

Action to support policy, institutional and capacity development, including investment in: transboundary plant, aquatic and animal disease control measures; agriculture/food marketing and trade policies and regulations; national and regional food security response measures; food security diagnostics; value chain diagnostics; land use policies (rural to urban, agriculture to

non-agriculture, acquisitions); agricultural pricing policies; and agricultural and natural resource-based institutional reforms.

Rural water policy, institutional and capacity development

Action to support policy, institutional and capacity development, including investment in: irrigation reforms, regulations, laws, institutional development and

organizational reform; irrigation service fees; water user organizations, participatory management, support services; management and capacity development; communications and civil society participation; river basin organizations and stakeholder participation; flood forecasting and warning systems; community-based flood preparedness;

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hygiene promotion; hand washing; and community-led sanitation.

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Education (EDU)

Pre-primary and primary

Actions to improve pre-primary education and early childhood education (usually covering age group 3-5) and primary education (covering early grades, usually 1-5), including investment in: early childhood development services; physical facilities for preschool and primary education; training of teachers in early childhood and primary education; primary education delivery services; curriculum development; and student learning assessment systems.

Pre-primary and primary – social protection initiatives

Special initiatives for the disadvantaged, (such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children) through measures that include scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, reservations of study places for special students, school meals and educational materials.

Secondary Actions to improve secondary education (covering post-primary grades, usually 6-12), including investment in: secondary education delivery services, including distance education

and e-learning; curriculum development; physical educational facilities; teacher professional development; and student learning assessment systems. Note: Secondary education that provides technical and vocational education and training (TVET) are registered under technical and vocational education and training.

Secondary – social protection initiatives

Special initiatives for the disadvantaged (such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children) through measures that include scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, reservations of study places for special students, school meals, free bicycles, and educational materials.

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Education (EDU)

Technical and vocational education and training

Actions to improve TVET and skills development, including investment in: TVET services; curriculum development for practical, technical or occupational skills; physical training and skills development facilities; professional development of trainers and instructors; student learning assessments and certification; short-term labor market training programs by employers and private sector; skills training in decentralized community settings and in tertiary institutions, such as polytechnics for both certificate and degree programs: and special initiatives for the disadvantaged (such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children ) through measures that include scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, and reservations of study places for special students.

Tertiary Actions to improve tertiary education (i.e., programs by higher education intuitions, including universities), including investment in: tertiary education delivery services, including distance education and

e-learning; development of curriculum and courses at general, technical and professional levels; physical educational facilities; professional development of lecturers, professors and instructors; and student learning assessments, including certification.

Nonformal education

Actions to improve nonformal education, including investment in: adult literacy program; informal education services; physical facilities and infrastructure; training and orientation of instructors; and basic education for out-of-school children.

Nonformal education – social protection initiatives

Special initiatives for the disadvantaged (such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children) through measures that include scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, and reservations of study places for special students.

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kills;

of

and

Education (EDU)

Education sector development

Actions to improve education sector development, including investment in: education sector policy development and policy reforms; education sector systems development and restructuring; physical education infrastructure; teacher professional development, training, and teacher cadre management; student learning assessment systems; and sector management and finances.

Education sector development – social protection initiatives

Special initiatives for the disadvantaged (such as girls, ethnic minorities, poor children) through measures that include scholarships, stipends, conditional cash transfers, and reservations of study places for special students.

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Energy (ENE) Conventional energy generation

Action to support generation of energy from conventional sources, including investment in: oil, including diesel and residual fuel oil; gas including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and liquefied

natural gas; and coal.

Large hydropower generation

Action to support development of hydropower plants with generation capacity of 10 MW above, including investment in: dam construction; reservoir rehabilitation; and rehabilitation of turbines and generation of a hydropower plant.

Renewable energy generation – solar

Action to support renewable energy supply from solar sources including investment in: solar photovoltaic; concentrated solar thermal technology; and solar roof top program.

Renewable energy generation – wind

Action to support renewable energy supply from wind energy, including investment in: offshore and onshore wind energy.

Renewable energy generation – biomass and waste

Action to support and investment in renewable energy supply from biomass and waste: biomass, including rice husk, agricultural residues; biogas and biofuels; and landfill gas and waste-to-energy.

Renewable energy generation – small hydro

Action to support and investment in renewable energy supply from: small hydro (10 MW and below); mini-hydropower plants (<1 MW); and micro-hydropower plants (<100kW).

Renewable energy generation – geothermal

Action to support and investment in renewable energy supply from ocean and tidal, geothermal energy (including geothermal heat pump systems).

Electricity transmission and distribution

Action to support electricity transmission and distribution project, including investment in: supporting retail competition including privatization of transmission

and distribution companies; loss reduction in transmission and distribution of electricity; construction of transmission and distribution lines and associated substations; and rural/off-grid electrification.

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Energy (ENE)

Oil and gas transmission and distribution

Action to support transmission and distribution of oil and gas, including investment in: storage, transmission and distribution of oil, gas and liquid fuels; and storage, liquefaction and compression of natural gas.

Energy utility services

Action to support energy utility service, including investment in: district heating/cooling; piped gas supply; and demand response in end-use sectors.

Energy efficiency and conservation

Action to support energy efficiency improvement in supply and demand side, including investment in: power plant retrofitting; use of advanced technology, such as clean coal technologies

(circulatory fluidized bed combustion, supercritical and ultra-supercritical boiler technologies, integrated gasification combined-cycle with carbon capture) coal liquid, coal bed methane, combined cycle gas turbines, including high efficiency combined cycle gas turbines (F and H class); switching from high carbon intensive to low carbon intensive fuel (fuel switching); cleaner production (industry); emission trading and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM); and Energy Service Company (ESCO) Development.

Action to support energy consumption reduction, including investment in: energy conservation activities; improving customer behavior for change in energy use; and advanced technology for energy conservation, including smart

metering and occupancy sensors.

Energy sector development and institutional reform

Action to support energy sector reforms, capacity building and governance, including investment in: energy trade, including cross border power trade; supporting public–private partnership and privatization; tariffs and pricing; policy and regulation, including supporting energy sector regulators; unbundling of the power sector; energy market promotions and liberalization; and energy labeling.

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Finance (FIN)

Central banking systems

Actions to support central bank, including investment in: central bank capacity building; payment and settlement systems; and banking and nonbank financial institutions supervision.

Banking systems and nonbank financial institutions

Actions to support banks and nonbank financial institutions, including investment in: bank restructuring/ownership and governance restructuring (public

bank privatization)/nonperforming loan resolution/asset management company/capital adequacy; deposit insurance; credit Information bureau/credit rating agencies; nonbank financial institutions; long-term project finance and industrial finance; and anti-money laundering.

Housing finance

Actions to support housing finance, including investment in: mortgage markets and services; real estate finance; and housing finance and secondary mortgage.

Small and medium-sized enterprise finance and leasing

Actions to support financing of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME)and leasing, including investment in: SME finance; leasing; and risk management financing instruments (e.g., financing against

warehouse receipts, loan guarantees).

Inclusive finance

Actions to support inclusive finance including investment in microfinance institutional development: credit cooperatives and credit unions; agriculture finance and rural micro enterprise; branchless/mobile banking; financial literacy and consumer protection; remittance management; savings mobilization; micro finance; and rural banks.

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Finance (FIN)

Insurance and contractual savings

Actions on insurance and contractual savings, including investment in: life insurance; nonlife insurance; reinsurance; microinsurance; weather index-based crop insurance; insurance supervision; pensions; other contractual savings; and disaster risk finance. Note: Health insurance is included in health sector.

Money and capital markets

Actions to support for money and capital markets, including investment in: money markets; debt markets; equity markets; securities; structured finance and derivatives; guarantees; securitization; stock exchange; and capital market supervision.

Trade finance

Actions for support financing a trade, including investment in: trade finance; supply chain finance; long-term (export credits); and short-term (letter of indents).

Infrastructure finance and investment funds

Actions to support infrastructure finance and investment funds, including investment in: financial intermediation to core infrastructure investment, through

banks and dedicated infrastructure financing institutions; and financial sector development, through private equity investments in investment funds.

Note: Direct financing of infrastructure projects are classified under the relevant sectors.

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Finance (FIN)

Finance sector development

Actions to support financial sector development, including investment in: financial sector policies and strategies; legal and regulatory framework, including secured transaction, insolvency, and bankruptcy laws; financial stability; sector management and finance reforms; capacity building and institutional strengthening; and financial intermediation, including augmentation of financial resources of development finance institutions.

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Health (HLT)

Mother and child health care

Actions to increase the health status of women and children, in particular targeted support in lagging populations, including: maternal health care; child health care; early childhood care and development; and family planning.

Nutrition Actions to improve the nutrition status and abilities of the poor, women and children, and other vulnerable groups, including investment in: addressing malnutrition and growth monitoring; micronutrients, including food fortification; and school feeding, health care and development.

Health system development

Actions to increase access to essential health services, such as infrastructure, equipment, supplies, training, and support systems, including investment in: hospital and diagnostic services; primary health care, including village health care; and PPP in health and private health sector development.

Disease control of communicable disease

Actions to address specific communicable diseases and conditions, through specific disease control programs, including investment in communicable diseases (i.e., HIV/AIDS).

Disease control of noncommunicable diseases and other priority programs

Actions to address specific diseases and conditions, through specific disease control programs and other targeted health programs, such as for refugees, emergency relief, handicapped, accidents, and occupational health, including investment in: noncommunicable diseases; and other health programs, including integrated programs,

excluding subsidized health program.

Health insurance and subsidized health programs

Actions to improve health insurance and provide subsidized health programs for the poor and vulnerable, including investment in: health insurance; and subsidized health programs, and cash transfers.

Health care finance

Actions to improve health sector financing, expand and improve health insurance, including investment in health financing reform.

Health sector development and reform

Actions to improve sector performance, through national sector development and reform programs and capacity building, including investment in: health administration and governance reforms; health sector development programs; and health impact assessments and research.

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Industry and Trade (IND)

Large and medium industries

Action to support large and medium industries, including investments in: mining; petrochemicals; manufacturing (except agro industry); industrial pollution control; development of new technologies and production; and sector-wide reforms and policy frameworks.

Small and medium enterprise development

Action to support small and medium industries including investments in: direct assistance to SMEs; cottage household and artisan industry; and SME development and policies. Note: Investment in SME finance and leasing to be in Finance sector.

Trade and services

Action to support trade and service industry, including investment in: internal trade facilitation; external trade facilitation; tourism; other services sectors; and trade policies. Note: Investment in trade finance to be included in Finance sector.

Industry and trade sector development

Action to support and investment in Industry and trade sector development, which are not included in the above subsectors.

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Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

ICT infrastructure

Actions to support ICT Infrastructure, including investments in: telecommunication line build out, mobile and wireless network, broadband cable network, data centers, and telecenters.

ICT industries and ICT-enabled services

Actions to support ICT industries and ICT-enabled services, including investment in: ICT centers of excellence, research laboratories; ICT-enabled industries, such as business process outsourcing,

knowledge process outsourcing, software park, ICT incubators; and ICT-enabled services (e.g., e-governance, e-banking, e-health).

ICT strategy and policy, and capacity development

Actions to support ICT strategy and policy, and capacity development, including investment in: ICT policy and strategy; telecommunication reform policy; Universal Access and Service (UAS); ICT policy, strategy and roadmap (national, local); ICT regulatory laws and functions; intellectual property (IP); security, privacy and cybercrime; ICT market competition, spectrum management,

consumer protection; capacity building; and ICT skills training and workshops.

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Public administration

Actions to support public administration, including investments in: legal and regulatory policy framework in national and subnational administrations, institutional and organizational development in government agencies, accountability mechanisms and institutions, and civil service reforms and management.

Economic affairs management

Actions to support economic and public affairs issues, including investments in: macroeconomic policy formulation and management; and exchange rate management.

Public expenditure and fiscal management

Actions to support public expenditure, revenue management and fiscal issues, including investments in: public expenditures and fiscal management including debt

management, treasury functions and information systems; revenue mobilization and management including sovereign wealth funds; and accounting and auditing.

Decentralization Actions to support decentralization, including investments in: intergovernmental fiscal system including expenditure assignments, fiscal transfers and cost recovery; local economic development planning; and local governance, public financial management, and subnational accountability mechanisms.

Reforms of state owned enterprises

Actions to support reforms in state owned enterprises, including investments in: reorganization, restructuring, and liquidation.

Law and judiciary Actions to support law and judiciary, including investments in: parliamentary system and legislation; judicial systems; court systems; and alternate dispute resolution mechanism.

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Social protection initiatives

Action to support social protection initiatives, including investment in program for: social transfers (targeted to general poor and vulnerable

individuals and groups), child welfare allowances, social assistance to elderly (noncontributory pension), social assistance to the disabled, food for work program, and labor market program. Note: This is a residuary subsector enabling capture of social protection investment, which cannot be clearly apportioned to any social sectors. All other social protection investment in identified social sector, e.g., health and education, shall be entered in the relevant sector.

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Transport (TRA)

Road transport (nonurban)

Actions to improve “nonurban” road transport for both passenger and freight, including investments in: expressways; national roads; provincial roads; district and rural roads; footpaths and cycle lanes; road-based freight transport; parking facilities; road transport vehicles, including buses, cars, trucks,

nonmotorized vehicles; road maintenance and asset management; road safety; and road transport sector policies and reforms.

Water transport (nonurban)

Actions to improve “nonurban” waterborne transport, for both passenger and freight, including investments in: inland waterways; river stations and waterway ports; small landings; shipping; ports and terminal facilities; vessels; maritime and waterway safety; water transport infrastructure maintenance and asset

management; and water transport sector policies and reforms.

Rail transport (nonurban)

Actions to improve rail-based transport for both passenger and freight, including investments in: railway Infrastructure, including track and signaling; railway stations and associated infrastructure; rail rolling stock (locomotives, wagons, coaches); railway safety; and railway maintenance and asset management. Note: Rail systems that specifically serve urban areas, e.g., Mass Rail Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT), are included under Urban Public Transport.

Air transport Actions to improve air transport for both passenger and freight, including investments in: airports and associated infrastructure; air carriers (both passenger and freight); air navigation and security; and air transport policies and reforms.

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Transport (TRA)

Multimodal logistics

Actions to improve multimodal freight, storage and facilities, including investments in: freight storage, handling and multimodal facilities; and multimodal logistics zones.

Urban public transport

Actions to improve transport in urban areas, including investments in: mass rail transit (MRT) and associated infrastructure; light rail transit and associated infrastructure; road-based public transport (buses, bus rapid transit, trolley buses) and associated infrastructure; footpaths and cycle lanes; and urban waterway/river transport.

Urban roads and traffic management

Actions to improve transport in urban areas, including investments in: urban expressways; urban roads and bridges; urban parking facilities; urban transport sector policies and reforms, including multimodal urban transport planning and land use planning; urban traffic demand management and urban traffic control; urban intelligent transportation systems (ITS); and urban logistics centers.

Note: Investments in urban transport master plans are included under Transport Policy and Institutional Development subsector.

Transport policies and institutional development

Actions to support the formulation of policies and institutions in the transport sector, including: transport policy formulation; development of transport master plans; development and enforcement of standards and regulations; institutional capacity building; and fostering Private Sector Participation (PSP), including PPP.

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Urban water supply

Actions to improve water supply services to urban households, including investments in: improvement of water sources and storage; collection, purification, and distribution of water supply to

household, industrial, commercial and others users, including option for communal faucets in urban poor communities; reduction of non-revenue water, including network upgrading, metering; and support to infrastructure development and management, including PSP (concession contract).

Urban sewerage Actions to improve sanitation services to urban households, including investments in piped wastewater network covering collection, treatment,

disposal, recycle and re-use (centralized and/or decentralized); off-site treatment of wastewater; and sludge management.

Urban sanitation Actions to improve sanitation services to urban households, including investments in septic tanks and septic collection and treatment.

Urban flood protection

Actions to manage storm water and reduce flood risks in urban communities and for infrastructure assets, including investments in: storm water management, including channel and drainage

improvements; and flood protection works, including sustainable urban drainage systems, flood retention areas.

Urban solid waste management

Actions to improve solid waste management in urban communities, including investments in: collection, segregation, transportation and disposal of waste,

whether from households or from industrial or commercial units; informal garbage collection; 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) approach; landfill closure; collection of landfill gas; and waste-to-energy.

Urban hazardous waste management

Actions to improve domestic, industrial, medical hazardous waste management in urban communities, including investments in: collection, transportation and disposal; treatment facilities; and cleanup activities.

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Urban housing Actions to improve the access to urban housing, including investments in: low-cost housing; housing construction; community buildings; and green buildings.

Urban slum development

Actions to improve urban informal settlements, including investments in: shelter upgrading; and community buildings.

Renovation and protection of cultural heritage

Actions to improve cultural heritage in urban areas, including investments in: urban renewal; and architectural conservation.

Other urban services

Actions to improve other urban services, including investments in: municipal safety (fire stations, street lighting, etc.); ICT-enabled services; and urban improvement (public spaces, etc.). Note: Urban Roads and bridges are in urban roads and traffic management.

Urban policy, institutional and capacity development

Actions to strengthen urban institutions, including investments in: integrated urban master planning; policy reform, regulations, laws; tariff reforms, and reform of utilities; urban development funds; institutional development and capacity development; improved operational management (customer database data monitoring and collection); asset management; support to infrastructure management, including PSP (service contracts, management contracts, lease contracts); community-based disaster preparedness (e.g., flood, drought, etc.); forecasting and warning system (e.g., flood); and urban planning, governance, and environmental policies.

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Multisector (MUL)

Action to support multisectoral investments, in which components are inextricably dependent on one another. In other cases, where the investment under a loan or grant is made in multiple sector, it

should be apportioned to the relevant sector(s) and subsector(s) of classification categories.

ADB’s corporate management, policy and strategy development

Technical assistance projects that support ADB’s corporate, policy, and strategy development will be classified as multisector with the relevant subsector title.

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STRATEGIC AGENDAS AND DRIVERS OF CHANGE

①

The strategic agendas and the drivers of change track ADB’s contribution to strategic outcomes identified in ADB’s Strategy 2020. Each of the strategic agendas and drivers of change have components, pillars or categories that enhance ADB’s effectiveness and capacity to attain its goal of Poverty Free Asia and the Pacific. The PCS is harmonized to the extent it is meaningful with ADB’s Strategy 2020 and the New Results Framework.

Classification by strategic agendas and drivers of change is determined by identifying ex-ante expectations of the project outcomes on the basis of the eligibility criteria and as identified in the design and monitoring framework. With the exception of the Inclusive Economic Growth strategic agenda, the initiating division indicates the strategic agendas and drivers of change pertinent to the project by ticking the appropriate agenda and driver. For each project, at least one driver of change is identified. However, any one project can relate to any number of drivers of change and any number of their subcomponents.

Classification of the operations by the three pillars of the Inclusive Economic Growth strategic agenda is automated and carried out in accordance with the ‘filtering’ technique approved in the ADB’s New Results Framework.

A peer review by the relevant community of practice (COP) endorses the selection. Selection of a strategic agenda and driver of change sends an automated message to the secretariat of the relevant COP for undertaking the review and requesting for an endorsement of the selection. The initiating mission receives a copy of this message for information. The mission head is responsible for attaining the endorsement from the peer COP.

Classification by strategic agenda and driver of change does not reflect the total number of projects or volume of ADB’s operations, as a project is conceived capable of contributing concurrently to multiple strategic agendas and drivers of change, as long as the set eligibility criteria are met. Thus, classifications by strategic agendas and drivers of change are not mutually exclusive nor do they reflect ADB’s organizational structure.

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CORPORATE Asia and the Pacific Free of Poverty

GOAL STRATEGIC AGENDAS

Inclusive Economic Growth (IEG)

Environmentally Sustainable Growth (ESG)

Regional Integration (RCI)

Pillar 1: Economic

opportunities, including jobs, created and expanded

Pillar 2: Access to economic

opportunities, including jobs, made more inclusive

Pillar 3: Extreme deprivation

prevented and effects of shocks reduced (Social Protection)

Natural resourcesconservation

Urban environmental improvement

Eco-efficiency Global and regional

transboundary environmental concerns

Environmental policy and legislation

Disaster risk management

Pillar 1:Cross-border infrastructure

Pillar 2: Trade and investments

Pillar 3: Money and finance

Pillar 4: Other regional public goods

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DRIVERS OF CHANGE

Private Sector Development and Private Sector Operations (PSD)

Conducive policy and institutional environment Public sector goods and services essential for

private sector development Promotion of private sector investment

Governance and Capacity Development (GCD)

Public financial governance Institutional systems and political economy Civil society participation Anticorruption Institutional development Organizational development Client relations, network,

and partnership development

Gender Equity and Mainstreaming (GEM)

Category 1: Gender equity (GEN)

Category 2: Effective gender mainstreaming (EGM)

Category 3: Some gender elements (SGE)

Category 4: No gender elements (NGE)

Knowledge Solutions (KNS) Knowledge sharing activities Application and use of new knowledge solutions

in key operational areas Pilot-testing innovation and learning

Partnerships (PAR)

Type of Partner

Nature of Partnership

Civil society organization (CSO) Private sector Regional organization United Nations (UN) organization International finance institution (IFI) Bilateral institution (not client government) Foundation South–South partner Commercial cofinancing Official cofinancing Implementation

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Strategic Agenda: Inclusive Economic Growth (IEG) Growth is inclusive when it leads to an expansion of opportunities and is accompanied by measures to ensure that the poor and disadvantaged are able to access these opportunities and are not left behind. While ADB’s assistance will be selective and focused in line with its priorities, progress under each of the Pillars is required for growth to be classified inclusive. ① Definition and CriteriaPillar 1: Economic opportunities, including jobs, created and expanded

Project is expected to generate sustainable growth to create and expand economic opportunities, including jobs. Project components that qualify for Pillar 1 include: promoting macroeconomic stability, economic

efficiency, and enabling business environments; economic and financial governance; and infrastructure, finance, public and private sector development.

Pillar 2: Access to economic opportunities, including jobs, made more inclusive

Project is expected to generate broader access to economic opportunities, including jobs, especially for the poor and disadvantaged, to ensure that members of society can participate in and benefit from growth. Project components that qualify for Pillar 2 include basic services, such as: health, education, water supply, sanitation, and other

urban services; small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in finance and microfinance, agriculture, irrigation, and rural development; and investments in gender equity.

Pillar 3: Extreme deprivation prevented and effects of shocks reduced (social protection)

Prevention from extreme deprivation and mitigate effects of social and economic shocks. Projects include: Social assistance. Commonly provided as transfers

(primarily noncontributory schemes) to groups, such as poor individuals and households, who would not qualify for insurance or otherwise not receive adequate benefits. Noncontributory transfer schemes include social transfers, child welfare/allowance, health assistance, assistance to elderly, disability programs and disaster relief, or scholarships in case of education projects. These programs are designed primarily to enhance social welfare by reducing poverty directly. Social insurance. Contributory schemes that mitigate problems/risks by providing income support in the event of illness, unemployment, work injury, maternity, old age, and disability. These include health insurance, pensions, other forms of social insurance such as unemployment

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Definition and Criteria

benefits, severance payments, and benefits from provident funds. Weather indexed crop insurance can also be included in this category. Labor market programs. Comprise active and passive labor market policies and programs. These actively help people secure employment, such as through employment services, skills development, and training, or special work programs/adherence to core labor standards. This can include cash- or food-for-work, skills development, training and retraining, and job brokerage schemes. The target group for these schemes include population in working age, being either wage or non-wage employees (formal or informal), employed, unemployed, or underemployed.

References: Review of the ADB Results Framework http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/review-of-adb-results-framework-2012.pdf Guidelines for Inclusive Economic Growth in the Country Partnership Strategy ①

http://lnadbg1.asiandevbank.org/spo0006p.nsf/0/471994e056d2a1d948257c440007302b/$FILE/ATTPB6BG.pdf/Inclusive%20Growth%20Guidelines_7March2013.pdf

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Strategic Agenda: Environmentally Sustainable Growth (ESG) ESG operations involve a shift to low carbon and climate-resilient development interventions —including infrastructure investments—and preventing pollution, environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and unsustainable natural resource use. ① Definition and Criteria

Natural resources conservation

Project activities address the following: protection, conservation, and sustainable use of natural resources, ecosystems, and biodiversity; land conservation, protection, and rehabilitation including control and mitigation of land degradation, desertification, and effects of drought; and reduction of vulnerability to climate variability and change, and natural disasters through improved natural resource conservation.

Urban environmental improvement

Project activities address the following: air quality improvement through transport planning and modal shifts, use of cleaner fuels, vehicle emission monitoring, and maintenance; solid waste management; sanitation and sewage, including wastewater management; and surface and groundwater quality management.

Eco-efficiency

Project activities address the following: cleaner production and eco-efficiency; energy efficiency and conservation; improved environmental management in agriculture, mining, energy, and industrial operations; management, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste; and oil spill contingency planning and remediation, rehabilitation of contaminated production sites and surrounding areas.

Global and regional transboundary environmental concerns

Project activities address or implement the following: international environment conventions and treaties, climate change mitigation and adaptation, transboundary dust storms, management of international waters, transboundary air pollution, persistent organic pollutants and ozone-depleting substances, and globally significant biodiversity.

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Environmental policy and legislation

Project mainstreams environmental considerations in economic growth through activities that address the following: environmental regulatory and management institutions; environmental legislation, policies, regulations, monitoring,

compliance and enforcement, and environmental good governance; environmental assessment and management planning; financing mechanisms; policy reform programs, including economic instruments for environmental management; and environmental awareness, education, and capacity building.

Disaster risk management

Project activities include measures for: strengthening physical and social resilience to natural hazards through explicit disaster risk management components; and integrating hazard-resilient features into project design.

References: Environment Operational Directions 2013–2020: Promoting Transitions to Green

Growth in Asia and the Pacific http://www.adb.org/documents/environment-operational-directions-2013-2020① RSDD’s memo on climate risk screening and assessment of projects http://bit.ly/1lKd5a8. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist http://bit.ly/15wyGJQ. Guidance on how to estimate CO2 reductions http://www.adb.org/documents/manual-calculating-energy-output-indicators.

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Strategic Agenda: Regional Integration (RCI) RCI aims at poverty reduction through collaboration and greater physical connectivity, expansion of trade and investment, development of financial system and macroeconomic and financial stability and improved environmental, health and social conditions. Regional projects require collective effort and actions of two or more, not necessarily adjacent countries, to (i) produce goods and services that benefit the participating countries; (ii) jointly respond to cross-border issues, such as environmental degradation,

international crime, communicable diseases, natural disasters, or regional economic crises;

(iii) develop national projects with significant regional dimensions or implications, such as a country transport system that is part of a regional transport system, a national power grid within a regional power grid, a national gas pipeline that is part of a network of regional gas pipelines, and associated agreements and protocols that allow an efficient flow of goods, services and people, harmonization of standards and regulations, or cost-effective communication across region’s countries;

(iv) support to research and knowledge related to subthemes (four pillars of the RCI strategy); and

(v) promote knowledge sharing and dissemination among the participating countries.

Definition and Criteria Pillar 1: Cross-border infrastructure

The project activities involve: regional and subregional infrastructure projects and programs; national infrastructure projects and programs that involve significant regional or cross-border dimensions; harmonization of regulations, procedures, and standards affecting connectivity, and evaluation and monitoring of cross-border infrastructure projects and programs; and nonlending financial assistance, including analysis and technical support to the required software, trade and investment facilitation measures, coordination and harmonization of regulations, procedures and standards, and a range of cross-border policy measures.

Pillar 2: Trade and investments

Project components that: facilitate regional policy dialogue on regional agreements that promote trade and investment; support capacity building in structuring, negotiating, and implementing FTAs; as well as policy support to expanding regional and global trade through use of

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regional trade arrangements and reconciling the “rules of origin” among the FTAs to minimize the administrative burden on resource- constrained countries; frameworks for trade and investment expansion consistent with the multilateral trading system to guide consolidation of FTAs to benefit the region’s counties; and nonlending assistance, including (i) support to regional and sub-regional forums (such as APEC, ASEAN, ASEAN+3, BIMSTEC, BIMP-EAGA, CAREC, GMS, SAARC, and SASEC) by facilitating regional trade and investment policy dialogue; (ii) capacity and institutional development on issues related to FTAs and trade facilitation; (iii) research and information dissemination and support for establishing databases on FTAs in Asia and the Pacific; and (iv) building partnerships among stakeholders and institutions that support regional cooperation and integration in trade and investment in Asia and the Pacific and elsewhere (e.g., UNESCAP, IADB, OECD, PECC, World Bank, and WTO).

Pillar 3: Money and finance

Nonlending knowledge products that support the following: regional economic policy dialogue process, both for the organizations that have already been established (such as ASEAN, ASEAN+3, APEC, and ASEM) and for those that may be established in the future; capacity building and institutional strengthening in the region; analysis, research, and information dissemination; and partnership building with other stakeholders and/or institutions that support monetary and financial integration in Asia and the Pacific and elsewhere (e.g., IMF, BIS, and OECD).

Pillar 4: Other regional public goods

Projects with following activities: support to regional and subregional policy dialogue and initiatives to protect the environment, control communicable diseases (e.g., avian influenza, HIV/AIDS, and SARS), manage the impact of natural disasters, promote clean energy and energy efficiency, improve governance, and prevent human and drug trafficking; conducting research on these cross-border issues;

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capacity building and institutional strengthening of DMCs to respond to cross-border issues; regional partnership building through regional forums and exchange programs. strengthening of the institutional capacity of regional groupings, such as ASEAN, ASEAN+3, Boao Forum for Asia, CAREC, BIMSTEC, BIMP-EAGA, GMS, IMT-GT, Pacific Islands Forum, Council of Regional Organizations for the Pacific, SASEC, SAARC, and SCO; support to regional partnership building with regional and international institutions, such as UNESCAP, IADB, OECD, Pacific Economic Cooperation Council, World Bank, and WTO; and facilitating of regional partnership building between the public, private sector, and civil society.

APEC = Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation; ASEAN = Association of Southeast Asian Nations; ASEAN+3 = ASEAN plus People’s Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea; ASEM = Asia-Europe Meeting; BIMP-EAGA = Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia the Philippines - East ASEAN Growth Area Business Council; BIMSTEC = Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral, Technical and Economic Cooperation; BIS = Bank for International Settlements; CAREC = Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation; DMC = developing member country; FTA = free trade agreement; GMS = Greater Mekong Subregion; IADB = Inter-American Development Bank; IMGT-GT = Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle; OECD = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; PECC = Pacific Economic Cooperation Council; SAARC = South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation; SARS = severe acute respiratory syndrome; SASEC = South Asia Sub-Regional Economic Cooperation; SCO = Shanghai Cooperation Organization; UNESCAP = United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific; WTO = World Trade Organization. References: RCI Strategy (2006)

http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2006/Final-RCI-Strategy-Paper.pdf Operational Manual Section B1/BP, issued on 30 June 2010. Regional Cooperation and Integration Financing Partnership Facility http://www.adb.org/site/funds/funds/regional-cooperation-integration-fpf

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Driver of Change: Gender Equity and Mainstreaming (GEM) Gender equity and mainstreaming projects qualify under four gender mainstreaming categories. Gender equity as a driver of change relates only to projects qualified for Category 1. ADB’s reports on Gender Mainstreaming will include projects qualified for Categories 1 and 2 only.

Definition and Criteria Category 1: Gender equity (GEN)

Includes two kinds of operations: Operations with outcomes that directly address gender equality and/or women’s empowerment by narrowing gender disparities through access to social services (education, health, water supply/sanitation); economic and financial services and opportunities (employment opportunities, financial services, land, markets); basic rural and urban infrastructure (electrification, roads, pro-poor energy distribution, urban services); enhancing voices and rights (decision-making processes and structures, political empowerment, grievance mechanisms) Operations wherein the project design and monitoring framework explicitly mentions gender equality and women’s empowerment and/or the outcome performance indicators include gender indicators.

Operations with this category will comprise of: Gender analysis during project preparation A project gender action (GAP) with gender-inclusive design features and clear gender targets, monitoring indicators, and/or components that directly benefit women or girls Inclusion of a GAP in the linked document of the report and recommendation of the President (RRP) and in the project administration memorandum (PAM) Discussion of how the project will contribute to improving women’s access to or benefits from the project in the main text of the RRP A covenant or a condition in the policy matrix to support implementation of the GAP or gender-design features

Category 2: Effective gender mainstreaming (EGM)

Includes operations that involve effective gender mainstreaming, and in which outputs are designed to directly improve women’s access to social services, economic and financial resources and opportunities, basic rural and urban infrastructure, and/or enhancement of voices and rights that contribute to gender equality and women's empowerment. EGM can be applied to virtually all sectors of ADB’s operations.

Category 3: Some gender elements (SGE)

Includes operations wherein some gender elements are implicit because of the nature of the project. Projects in this category, although not explicitly targeted at gender issues and thus do not meet

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the GEM criteria, are nonetheless likely to improve women's access to social services, economic opportunities, basic rural or urban infrastructure, or enhancement of their voices and rights. Also included in this category are operations that may not directly improve women’s resources or opportunities, but where significant efforts were made during project preparation to identify potential positive and negative impacts on women. Examples include employment of women in project construction work, provision of equal pay for equal work, information campaigns on HIV/AIDS risk, gender training of executing/implementing agencies, and adherence to core labor standards (especially child labor). Another example is an operation where resettlement is involved. In such operations, such as compensation payments to both men and women, joint ownership of replacement land/housing, and restoration of livelihood initiatives, special attention is likely to be paid to women.

Category 4: No gender elements (NGE)

Operations with no gender elements.

①Read more about gender equity and mainstreaming at Guidelines for Gender Mainstreaming Categories of ADB Projects (June 2012)

www.adb.org/sites/default/files/guidelines-gender-mainstreaming-categories-adb-projects.pdf ADB Operations Manual, Section C2 BP/OP.

Peer Review is undertaken by the Gender Community of Practice.

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Driver of Change: Private Sector Development (PSD) Private sector development has been at the core of the transformation of many Asian economies in recent decades. A vibrant private sector is a critical component for economic growth and sustainable development. Thriving businesses create jobs and incomes, thus reducing poverty and creating opportunities. This cycle works best when growth increases rapidly and when the public sector understands, values, and facilitates private sector activity; when economies establish a sound policy and regulatory environment complemented by the service and physical infrastructure required to enable business to function efficiently; and when investors recognize in a market the certainty, predictability, and confidence needed to make substantial and long-term commitments. ①

Definition and CriteriaConducive policy and institutional environment

All program loans are related to public resource and fiscal management Nonlending activities, policy-based lending, sector loans, and other investment assistance are designed to create an enabling environment for private sector development Policy, regulatory and legal reforms in areas related to delivery of public goods and services are developed and implemented through privatization programs and capacity development All trade and investment in trade is facilitated, including the improvement of customs reform

Public sector goods and services essential for private sector development

Refers to project and sector loan components, multitranche facilities (MFFs), and equity investments that include components aimed at developing: Physical infrastructure and software essential to attracting

and sustaining private investment and developing private sector over time Public–private partnership (PPP) structures incorporating private operators in performance-based asset management with duration of more than 5 years in line with the PPP Operational Plan Investment and ownership Market transformation in frontier countries and sectors

Promotion of private sector investment

Includes debt financing, equity investment, guarantees, and other risk sharing and mitigation arrangements for private sector entities undertaking direct private sector investments and financial intermediation loans to financial institutions that involve: A demonstration effect (i.e., test markets, and

create confidence)



A catalytic effect (i.e., attract additional private sector investment) Innovation and pioneering (i.e., fill market gaps in frontier countries, sectors, or create suitable financing structures Potential for replication in other sectors or countries

①Peer Review is undertaken by the Private–Public Partnership Community of Practice. ①

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PSD driver of change incorporates an Addendum to the Project Classification Staff Instructions on New

Methodology and Quality Control Process for Projects Supporting PSD.

TIPS:

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Driver of Change: Governance and Capacity Development (GCD) Governance includes assistance to public administration and judiciary/legal sectors for improving governance at the national and subnational levels, as well as to anticorruption activities, civil society participation, and improved fiscal management. Activities related to corporate governance are included in the private sector theme. Capacity development includes operations aimed at supporting processes through which national organizations and groups become more capable of mobilizing and using resources to achieve agreed objectives on a sustainable basis and enhance a region’s or country’s capacity to formulate and implement the policies, reforms, and investments needed for poverty reduction. Capacity development is instrumental for achieving governance objectives. ①

Definition and CriteriaPublic financial governance

Public governance measures contributing to accountability, including civil service reforms Public governance measures contributing to transparency Measures that strengthen public financial management, procurement and integrity systems Standards of financial reporting

Institutional systems and political economy

Activities address administrative and civil service reform Government agency systems and processes Public policy making

Civil society participation

Civic engagement, capacity development for civil society, nongovernment and community-based organizations, creating an enabling environment for participation of civil society in development Participation in policy advocacy and public access to information Constructive partnerships between civil society organizations and government and between the public and private sectors

Anticorruption

Support for government efforts toward an effective and transparent system for public service, anti-bribery, and business integrity Support for active public involvement (e.g., public ethics) and information sharing on anticorruption issues and initiatives

Institutional development

Project activities aim to develop processes for implementing the formal and informal rules that govern the behavior of the organization, including cross-cutting political economy and public administration reform issues.

Organizational development

To improve an organization’s Missions, goals and strategies Work processes, structures, and staff skills

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Leadership Rewards and incentives Internal coordination and control mechanisms such as

planning, budgeting, auditing, and monitoring

Client relations, network, and partnership development

Develop processes responsive to the needs of clients Develop capacity for improved communication and information sharing among government agencies, private sector, civil society and external partners

①Read more about governance and capacity building at the Integrating capacity development into country programs and operations medium-term framework and action plan (2007) www.adb.org/sites/default/files/pub/2007/Integrating-Capacity-Development-2007.pdf Peer Review is undertaken by the Public Management and Governance Community of Practice. ①

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Driver of Change: Knowledge Solutions (KNS) Knowledge solutions serve as a catalyst for propelling development. ADB has an important role in putting knowledge solutions to work through the application of development knowledge. It identifies development trends in the region, collects and shares best practices in development fields, and uses this knowledge base strategically in multidisciplinary development contexts. It also catalyzes knowledge exchange among the region’s countries. Operational knowledge activities are varied and broadly fall into three areas. ①

Definition and Criteria Knowledge sharing activities

Tangible knowledge sharing events in a country, a subregion, a region, or internationally Generation of publications and knowledge products Knowledge markets, broadcasting, and significant information dissemination activities

Application and use of new knowledge solutions in key operational areas

Involves investment in the application and utilization of knowledge tried elsewhere in a given context or country in a manner that is both essential for the sustainable attainment of the project goals and that provides the transfer of knowledge or a new knowledge solution.

Pilot-testing innovation and learning

Pilot testing of innovation in technology, policy, or delivery of public services Localized examination of innovations to determine their feasibility to meet specific objectives under specific conditions in a DMC Broad assessment of the feasibility of scaling up a previously tested innovation in a DMC, including consideration of the potential of replicating in other DMCs

①Read more about knowledge solutions at Knowledge Management Directions and Action Plan (2013-2015): Supporting “Finance ++” at the Asian Development Bank www.adb.org/documents/knowledge-management-directions-and-action-plan-2013-2015 ①

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Driver of Change: Partnerships (PAR) Effective partnership is integral to planning, financing, and implementing all ADB operations. ADB maintains many productive relationships with its member governments as well as multilateral and bilateral agencies. ①


Type of partner

At the operational level, partnerships are developed with the following groupings: Civil society organization Private sector Regional organization United Nations organization International financing institution (IFIs) Bilateral organizations that are not linked to the client

government directly benefitting from the operation Foundation South–South relationships (the exchange of resources, technologies, and knowledge between developing countries, including when fostered by a third party such as ADB in a triangular arrangement)

Nature of partnership Commercial cofinancing Official cofinancing Implementation

Partnerships also divide into various types of relationships subject to their purpose, including the following: Cofinancing from private or public sources on commercial

and market-based principles, outside official development assistance and without direct sovereign resource in case of loss, including financing from banks, insurers, pension funds, suppliers, or bilateral and export finance institutions.

Cofinancing with multilateral and bilateral agencies under official development assistance or with sovereign resource.

Arrangements in which partnerships are contractual or under an agreement for attainment of the operational objectives through collaboration.

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