Cellular Energy

Biology I Factoids

Factoid 75

• Section 7

• ATP is the cell’s energy and it is made up an adenine molecule, a ribose sugar molecule, and three phosphate groups.

Factoid 76

• Energy is released when chemical bonds are broken

Factoid 77

• ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group, releasing energy.

•

Factoid 78

• ATP CYCLE

Factoid 79

• Cellular respiration is the series of reactions that break down food into energy in the presence of oxygen.

Factoid 80

• The three parts of cellular respiration are glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Factoid 81• The mitochondria

Factoid 82

• Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 Pyruvic acids

Factoid 83

• The Kreb’s cycle (sometimes called the citric acid cycle) occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and uses the 2 pyruvic acids to produce 2 FADH2, 6 NADH, and 2 ATP.

Factoid 84

• NADH and FADH2 are carrier molecules – they carry hydrogen ions to the electron transport chain

Factoid 85

• The electron transport chain occurs on the inner membrane of the mitochondria (cristae) and uses the 2 NADH from glycolysis, the 6 NADH from the Kreb’s cycle, and the 2 FADH2, from the Kreb’s cycle to produce 32 ATP

Factoid 86

• When you add the 2 ATP from glycolysis, the 2 ATP from the Kreb’s cycle, and the 32 ATP from the electron transport chain, you get a total of 36 ATP produced from 1 glucose molecule.

Factoid 87

• The overall summary equation for cellular respiration is:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H20 +ATP

Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide +water+energy

Factoid 88

– After glycolysis, if there is no oxygen present, some cells can perform anaerobic respiration. (ana=no; aerobic=air)

– Occurs in the cytoplasm– Only produces 2 ATP from glycolysis.

Factoid 89

– Lactic acid fermination• Pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid.• Muscle cells do this when they run out of oxygen.

Results in muscle soreness because the lactic acid is poisonous.

Factoid 90

– Alcoholic fermentation• Pyruvic acid is converted into alcohol and carbon

dioxide.• Makes bread rise• Responsible for beer and wine production

Factoid 91

• Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophs use sunlight to change water and carbon dioxide into simple sugar and oxygen.

Factoid 92

• The overall summary equation for photosynthesis is:

6CO2 + 6 H20 +ATP C6H12O6 + 6O2

carbon+water+energy Glucose+oxygen

dioxide

Factoid 93

• The reactions of photosynthesis are divided into the light dependent reactions and the light independent reactions.

Factoid 94

Factoid 95

• In the light dependent reactions (which occurs on the thylakoid membrane), sunlight hits a chlorophyll molecule and water is split into H and O.

• NADPH and ATP are produced

Factoid 96

• In the light independent reactions (which occur in the stroma), the ATP, NADPH, and Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere combine to make glucose (C6H12O6)

• AKA – The Calvin Cycle

Factoid 97

• C4 plants store extra carbon dioxide during cooler time, to be used in the Calvin Cycle when the hot weather makes them close their stomata (leaf pores).

• Corn, grass, other tropical plants.

Factoid 98

• CAM plants close their stomata during the day. They take in extra carbon dioxide at night and store it to be used in the Calvin cycle.

• Cactus, aloe vera, other succulent and desert plants.

Factoid 99

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are basically the reverse of each other.

• Photosynthesis is a building process and cellular respiration is a tearing down process.