section vii labor market efficiency€¦ · section vii: labor market efficiency world...

Section VII Labor market efficiency

Data Tables

The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 © 2011 World Economic Forum

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SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE 1 MEAN: 4.4 7

1 Switzerland ............................... 6.12 Singapore.................................. 6.13 Denmark ................................... 5.94 Norway...................................... 5.85 Netherlands............................... 5.76 Japan......................................... 5.77 Sweden..................................... 5.78 Iceland....................................... 5.69 Austria....................................... 5.6

10 Luxembourg.............................. 5.511 Costa Rica................................. 5.512 Hong Kong SAR........................ 5.413 New Zealand............................. 5.414 United Arab Emirates................ 5.415 Malaysia .................................... 5.416 Finland....................................... 5.217 Taiwan, China ........................... 5.218 Israel ......................................... 5.219 Barbados................................... 5.220 Brunei Darussalam.................... 5.221 Albania ...................................... 5.122 Germany ................................... 5.123 Canada ...................................... 5.124 Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.025 United Kingdom ........................ 5.026 Bahrain ...................................... 5.027 Oman ........................................ 5.028 Qatar ......................................... 5.029 Ireland ....................................... 4.930 Rwanda..................................... 4.931 Guatemala................................. 4.832 Gambia, The.............................. 4.833 Cyprus....................................... 4.834 Estonia ...................................... 4.835 Thailand..................................... 4.836 United States ............................ 4.837 Dominican Republic .................. 4.838 El Salvador ................................ 4.839 Australia .................................... 4.840 Chile .......................................... 4.841 Malta ......................................... 4.742 Kuwait ....................................... 4.743 Mauritius ................................... 4.744 Armenia..................................... 4.645 Peru........................................... 4.646 India .......................................... 4.647 Azerbaijan.................................. 4.648 Colombia ................................... 4.649 Benin......................................... 4.550 Vietnam..................................... 4.551 China......................................... 4.552 Panama ..................................... 4.553 Côte d’Ivoire ............................. 4.554 Puerto Rico ............................... 4.555 Philippines................................. 4.556 Czech Republic ......................... 4.557 Belgium..................................... 4.458 Sri Lanka ................................... 4.459 Lebanon .................................... 4.460 Nicaragua .................................. 4.461 Guyana...................................... 4.462 Ghana........................................ 4.463 Mexico ...................................... 4.364 Honduras................................... 4.365 Botswana.................................. 4.366 Latvia......................................... 4.367 Tunisia....................................... 4.368 Indonesia................................... 4.369 Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 4.370 Uganda...................................... 4.371 Syria .......................................... 4.3


72 Malawi ...................................... 4.373 Lithuania.................................... 4.374 Zambia ...................................... 4.375 Cambodia .................................. 4.276 Georgia...................................... 4.277 Tajikistan ................................... 4.278 Kazakhstan................................ 4.279 Brazil ......................................... 4.280 Pakistan..................................... 4.281 Jordan ....................................... 4.282 Hungary..................................... 4.283 Madagascar............................... 4.184 Belize ........................................ 4.185 Swaziland.................................. 4.186 Zimbabwe ................................. 4.187 Kenya ........................................ 4.188 Burundi...................................... 4.189 Mongolia ................................... 4.190 Suriname................................... 4.191 Paraguay ................................... 4.192 Senegal ..................................... 4.193 Macedonia, FYR........................ 4.194 Yemen....................................... 4.095 Nigeria....................................... 4.096 Tanzania .................................... 4.097 Bangladesh ............................... 4.098 Slovak Republic......................... 4.099 Namibia ..................................... 4.0

100 Poland ....................................... 4.0101 Cape Verde ............................... 4.0102 Montenegro .............................. 4.0103 Lesotho..................................... 4.0104 Burkina Faso ............................. 4.0105 Cameroon ................................. 3.9106 Angola ....................................... 3.9107 Moldova .................................... 3.9108 Ethiopia ..................................... 3.9109 Ukraine...................................... 3.9110 Portugal..................................... 3.9111 Spain ......................................... 3.9112 Bulgaria ..................................... 3.9113 Mali ........................................... 3.9114 Ecuador ..................................... 3.9115 Haiti........................................... 3.8116 Slovenia..................................... 3.8117 Timor-Leste............................... 3.8118 Italy ........................................... 3.8119 Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.7120 Morocco.................................... 3.7121 Egypt......................................... 3.7122 Jamaica ..................................... 3.7123 Turkey ....................................... 3.6124 Bolivia........................................ 3.6125 Russian Federation ................... 3.6126 Mozambique ............................. 3.6127 Algeria ....................................... 3.6128 Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.6129 Chad.......................................... 3.6130 Greece ...................................... 3.5131 Uruguay..................................... 3.5132 Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.5133 France ....................................... 3.4134 Croatia....................................... 3.4135 Argentina................................... 3.3136 Serbia ........................................ 3.3137 Romania .................................... 3.3138 South Africa .............................. 3.3139 Nepal......................................... 3.3140 Korea, Rep. ............................... 3.2141 Venezuela.................................. 3.2142 Mauritania ................................. 3.0

7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relationsHow would you characterize labor-employer relations in your country? [1 = generally confrontational; 7 = generally cooperative] | 2010–11 weighted average


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1 Uganda...................................... 6.12 Hong Kong SAR........................ 6.13 Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 6.14 Bahrain ...................................... 6.15 United Arab Emirates................ 6.06 Estonia ...................................... 6.07 Singapore.................................. 6.08 Lithuania.................................... 6.09 Macedonia, FYR........................ 6.0

10 Qatar ......................................... 6.011 Burundi...................................... 5.912 Yemen....................................... 5.813 Brunei Darussalam.................... 5.814 Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.815 Mongolia ................................... 5.816 Japan......................................... 5.817 United Kingdom ........................ 5.718 Switzerland ............................... 5.719 Lebanon .................................... 5.720 Azerbaijan.................................. 5.721 Vietnam..................................... 5.722 Kuwait ....................................... 5.723 El Salvador ................................ 5.724 Taiwan, China ........................... 5.625 Peru........................................... 5.626 New Zealand............................. 5.627 Malawi ...................................... 5.628 Malaysia .................................... 5.529 Chile .......................................... 5.530 Moldova .................................... 5.531 Kazakhstan................................ 5.532 United States ............................ 5.533 Haiti........................................... 5.534 Georgia...................................... 5.535 Côte d’Ivoire ............................. 5.536 Jordan ....................................... 5.537 Canada ...................................... 5.538 Rwanda..................................... 5.539 Benin......................................... 5.540 Oman ........................................ 5.441 Hungary..................................... 5.442 Nigeria....................................... 5.443 Armenia..................................... 5.444 Cape Verde ............................... 5.445 Dominican Republic .................. 5.446 Israel ......................................... 5.347 Poland ....................................... 5.348 Syria .......................................... 5.349 Belize ........................................ 5.350 Korea, Rep. ............................... 5.351 Tajikistan ................................... 5.352 China......................................... 5.353 Guatemala................................. 5.254 Turkey ....................................... 5.255 Puerto Rico ............................... 5.256 Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 5.257 France ....................................... 5.258 India .......................................... 5.259 Ukraine...................................... 5.260 Latvia......................................... 5.261 Czech Republic ......................... 5.262 Ethiopia ..................................... 5.263 Bulgaria ..................................... 5.264 Serbia ........................................ 5.265 Burkina Faso ............................. 5.266 Bangladesh ............................... 5.267 Suriname................................... 5.268 Gambia, The.............................. 5.269 Colombia ................................... 5.270 Croatia....................................... 5.171 Egypt......................................... 5.1


72 Madagascar............................... 5.173 Albania ...................................... 5.174 Mauritania ................................. 5.175 Paraguay ................................... 5.176 Guyana...................................... 5.177 Slovak Republic......................... 5.178 Sri Lanka ................................... 5.179 Chad.......................................... 5.180 Panama ..................................... 5.081 Morocco.................................... 5.082 Kenya ........................................ 5.083 Russian Federation ................... 4.984 Jamaica ..................................... 4.985 Zambia ...................................... 4.986 Cambodia .................................. 4.987 Cameroon ................................. 4.988 Namibia ..................................... 4.989 Mexico ...................................... 4.890 Romania .................................... 4.891 Montenegro .............................. 4.892 Nicaragua .................................. 4.893 Angola ....................................... 4.894 Botswana.................................. 4.795 Thailand..................................... 4.796 Malta ......................................... 4.797 Lesotho..................................... 4.798 Pakistan..................................... 4.799 Costa Rica................................. 4.6

100 Mali ........................................... 4.6101 Barbados................................... 4.6102 Philippines................................. 4.5103 Ghana........................................ 4.5104 Honduras................................... 4.5105 Senegal ..................................... 4.4106 Swaziland.................................. 4.4107 Mauritius ................................... 4.4108 Cyprus....................................... 4.4109 Timor-Leste............................... 4.3110 Luxembourg.............................. 4.3111 Portugal..................................... 4.3112 Iceland....................................... 4.3113 Indonesia................................... 4.3114 Ecuador ..................................... 4.3115 Brazil ......................................... 4.3116 Australia .................................... 4.3117 Bolivia........................................ 4.2118 Nepal......................................... 4.2119 Tunisia....................................... 4.2120 Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.2121 Denmark ................................... 4.2122 Tanzania .................................... 4.1123 Ireland ....................................... 4.0124 Mozambique ............................. 4.0125 Algeria ....................................... 3.9126 Slovenia..................................... 3.8127 Venezuela.................................. 3.7128 Spain ......................................... 3.6129 Belgium..................................... 3.5130 Norway...................................... 3.5131 Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.5132 Netherlands............................... 3.5133 Finland....................................... 3.3134 Italy ........................................... 3.2135 Greece ...................................... 3.1136 Germany ................................... 3.1137 Sweden..................................... 3.0138 South Africa .............................. 3.0139 Argentina................................... 2.7140 Austria....................................... 2.6141 Zimbabwe ................................. 2.5142 Uruguay..................................... 2.3

7.02 Flexibility of wage determinationHow are wages generally set in your country? [1 = by a centralized bargaining process; 7 = up to each individual company] | 2010–11 weighted average


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SOURCE: World Bank/International Finance Corporation, Doing Business 2010: Reforming Through Difficult Times

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY VALUE

1 Australia ........................................0.01 Brunei Darussalam........................0.01 Hong Kong SAR............................0.01 Kuwait ...........................................0.01 Singapore......................................0.01 Uganda..........................................0.01 United States ................................0.08 Canada ..........................................4.08 Jamaica .........................................4.0

10 Belize ............................................7.010 Denmark .......................................7.010 Georgia..........................................7.010 New Zealand.................................7.010 Nigeria...........................................7.010 Rwanda.........................................7.010 Switzerland ...................................7.010 Trinidad and Tobago......................7.010 United Arab Emirates....................7.019 Azerbaijan....................................10.019 Bahrain ........................................10.019 Colombia .....................................10.019 Haiti.............................................10.019 Ireland .........................................10.019 Malaysia ......................................10.019 Swaziland....................................10.019 United Kingdom ..........................10.027 Czech Republic ...........................11.027 Thailand.......................................11.029 Botswana....................................13.029 Montenegro ................................13.029 Namibia .......................................13.029 Oman ..........................................13.029 Qatar ...........................................13.029 Saudi Arabia ................................13.035 Lesotho.......................................14.035 Macedonia, FYR..........................14.035 Puerto Rico .................................14.038 Japan...........................................16.039 Belgium.......................................17.039 Israel ...........................................17.039 Kazakhstan..................................17.039 Kenya ..........................................17.039 Mongolia .....................................17.044 Chile ............................................18.044 Kyrgyz Republic ..........................18.044 Mauritius .....................................18.044 Uruguay.......................................18.048 Bulgaria .......................................19.048 Guyana........................................19.050 Sri Lanka .....................................20.050 Syria ............................................20.052 Argentina.....................................21.052 Armenia.......................................21.052 Burkina Faso ...............................21.052 Dominican Republic ....................21.052 Iceland.........................................21.052 Malawi ........................................21.052 Suriname.....................................21.052 Vietnam.......................................21.052 Zambia ........................................21.061 Hungary.......................................22.061 Slovak Republic...........................22.063 Austria.........................................24.063 Cyprus.........................................24.063 El Salvador ..................................24.063 Jordan .........................................24.063 Yemen.........................................24.068 Albania ........................................25.068 Lebanon ......................................25.068 Poland .........................................25.071 Egypt...........................................27.0


71 Gambia, The................................27.071 Ghana..........................................27.071 Nicaragua ....................................27.075 Bangladesh .................................28.075 Burundi........................................28.075 Ethiopia .......................................28.075 Guatemala...................................28.079 Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................29.079 Philippines...................................29.081 India ............................................30.082 China...........................................31.082 Mali .............................................31.082 Ukraine........................................31.085 Timor-Leste.................................32.086 Bosnia and Herzegovina .............33.086 Chad............................................33.086 Côte d’Ivoire ...............................33.086 Zimbabwe ...................................33.090 Serbia ..........................................35.090 South Africa ................................35.090 Turkey .........................................35.093 Cambodia ....................................36.094 Ecuador .......................................38.094 Italy .............................................38.094 Korea, Rep. .................................38.094 Lithuania......................................38.094 Russian Federation .....................38.094 Sweden.......................................38.0

100 Cameroon ...................................39.0100 Costa Rica...................................39.0100 Mauritania ...................................39.0100 Peru.............................................39.0104 Benin...........................................40.0104 Indonesia.....................................40.0104 Mozambique ...............................40.0104 Tunisia.........................................40.0108 Algeria .........................................41.0108 Finland.........................................41.0108 Mexico ........................................41.0108 Moldova ......................................41.0112 Germany .....................................42.0112 Netherlands.................................42.0114 Latvia...........................................43.0114 Pakistan.......................................43.0114 Portugal.......................................43.0117 Norway........................................44.0118 Brazil ...........................................46.0118 Cape Verde .................................46.0118 Nepal...........................................46.0118 Romania ......................................46.0118 Taiwan, China .............................46.0123 Spain ...........................................49.0123 Tajikistan .....................................49.0125 Croatia.........................................50.0125 Greece ........................................50.0127 Estonia ........................................51.0128 France .........................................52.0129 Slovenia.......................................54.0129 Tanzania ......................................54.0131 Luxembourg................................56.0131 Madagascar.................................56.0131 Paraguay .....................................56.0134 Honduras.....................................57.0135 Senegal .......................................59.0136 Morocco......................................60.0137 Angola .........................................66.0137 Panama .......................................66.0139 Venezuela....................................69.0140 Bolivia..........................................77.0n/a Barbados.......................................n/an/a Malta .............................................n/a

7.03 Rigidity of employmentRigidity of Employment Index on a 0–100 (worst) scale | 2009


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1 Denmark ................................... 6.12 Singapore.................................. 5.83 Switzerland ............................... 5.84 Hong Kong SAR........................ 5.75 Azerbaijan.................................. 5.36 Iceland....................................... 5.37 Nigeria....................................... 5.28 United States ............................ 5.19 Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.1

10 Georgia...................................... 5.011 Uganda...................................... 5.012 Kenya ........................................ 5.013 United Arab Emirates................ 5.014 Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 4.915 Canada ...................................... 4.916 Cameroon ................................. 4.817 Ukraine...................................... 4.818 Armenia..................................... 4.819 Guyana...................................... 4.820 Bangladesh ............................... 4.721 Albania ...................................... 4.722 Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.623 Belize ........................................ 4.624 Côte d’Ivoire ............................. 4.625 Mongolia ................................... 4.626 Burkina Faso ............................. 4.627 Madagascar............................... 4.528 Estonia ...................................... 4.529 Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 4.530 Malaysia .................................... 4.531 El Salvador ................................ 4.532 Zambia ...................................... 4.533 Pakistan..................................... 4.434 Kazakhstan................................ 4.435 Malawi ...................................... 4.436 United Kingdom ........................ 4.437 Gambia, The.............................. 4.438 Benin......................................... 4.439 Yemen....................................... 4.440 Thailand..................................... 4.441 Macedonia, FYR........................ 4.342 Tajikistan ................................... 4.343 Rwanda..................................... 4.344 China......................................... 4.345 Cambodia .................................. 4.346 Qatar ......................................... 4.347 Vietnam..................................... 4.348 Nicaragua .................................. 4.249 Costa Rica................................. 4.250 Hungary..................................... 4.251 Indonesia................................... 4.252 Latvia......................................... 4.253 Ghana........................................ 4.254 Lebanon .................................... 4.255 Bulgaria ..................................... 4.156 Chad.......................................... 4.157 Montenegro .............................. 4.158 Guatemala................................. 4.159 Oman ........................................ 4.160 Haiti........................................... 4.161 Morocco.................................... 4.062 Israel ......................................... 4.063 Turkey ....................................... 4.064 Finland....................................... 4.065 Mauritania ................................. 4.066 India .......................................... 4.067 Colombia ................................... 3.968 Tunisia....................................... 3.969 Jamaica ..................................... 3.970 Barbados................................... 3.971 Senegal ..................................... 3.9


72 Kuwait ....................................... 3.973 Ethiopia ..................................... 3.974 Bahrain ...................................... 3.975 Mali ........................................... 3.976 Cyprus....................................... 3.977 Burundi...................................... 3.978 Dominican Republic .................. 3.979 Algeria ....................................... 3.880 Taiwan, China ........................... 3.881 Tanzania .................................... 3.882 Mauritius ................................... 3.883 Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.884 Ireland ....................................... 3.785 Russian Federation ................... 3.786 New Zealand............................. 3.787 Egypt......................................... 3.788 Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.689 Serbia ........................................ 3.690 Lesotho..................................... 3.691 Romania .................................... 3.692 Syria .......................................... 3.693 Austria....................................... 3.694 Peru........................................... 3.595 Angola ....................................... 3.596 Malta ......................................... 3.597 Australia .................................... 3.598 Honduras................................... 3.599 Nepal......................................... 3.5

100 Bolivia........................................ 3.5101 Botswana.................................. 3.5102 Jordan ....................................... 3.5103 Moldova .................................... 3.5104 Puerto Rico ............................... 3.4105 Timor-Leste............................... 3.4106 Cape Verde ............................... 3.4107 Paraguay ................................... 3.4108 Luxembourg.............................. 3.4109 Chile .......................................... 3.4110 Mozambique ............................. 3.3111 Sri Lanka ................................... 3.3112 Swaziland.................................. 3.3113 Philippines................................. 3.3114 Poland ....................................... 3.3115 Korea, Rep. ............................... 3.3116 Slovak Republic......................... 3.2117 Lithuania.................................... 3.2118 Croatia....................................... 3.2119 Czech Republic ......................... 3.2120 Namibia ..................................... 3.1121 Netherlands............................... 3.1122 Panama ..................................... 3.1123 Mexico ...................................... 3.1124 Uruguay..................................... 3.0125 Greece ...................................... 3.0126 Italy ........................................... 3.0127 Ecuador ..................................... 2.9128 Brazil ......................................... 2.9129 Suriname................................... 2.9130 Zimbabwe ................................. 2.9131 Belgium..................................... 2.9132 Germany ................................... 2.8133 Japan......................................... 2.8134 Norway...................................... 2.8135 Argentina................................... 2.7136 France ....................................... 2.7137 Spain ......................................... 2.6138 Sweden..................................... 2.5139 South Africa .............................. 2.5140 Portugal..................................... 2.4141 Slovenia..................................... 2.3142 Venezuela.................................. 2.3

7.04 Hiring and firing practicesHow would you characterize the hiring and firing of workers in your country? [1 = impeded by regulations; 7 = flexibly determined by employers] | 2010–11 weighted average


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SOURCE: World Bank/International Finance Corporation, Doing Business 2010: Reforming Through Difficult Times


1 Denmark ..........................................01 New Zealand....................................01 Puerto Rico ......................................01 United States ...................................05 Austria..............................................26 Australia ...........................................46 Bahrain .............................................46 Brunei Darussalam...........................46 Georgia.............................................46 Japan................................................46 Jordan ..............................................46 Mauritius ..........................................46 Oman ...............................................46 Singapore.........................................4

15 Romania ...........................................816 Bulgaria ............................................916 Kazakhstan.......................................916 Mongolia ..........................................919 Hong Kong SAR.............................1020 Italy ................................................1121 Armenia..........................................1321 Iceland............................................1321 Norway...........................................1321 Poland ............................................1321 Switzerland ....................................1321 Uganda...........................................1321 Ukraine...........................................1328 Belgium..........................................1629 Algeria ............................................1729 Haiti................................................1729 Kyrgyz Republic .............................1729 Latvia..............................................1729 Lebanon .........................................1729 Netherlands....................................1729 Peru................................................1729 Russian Federation ........................1729 Timor-Leste....................................1729 Tunisia............................................1729 Yemen............................................1740 Ireland ............................................1840 Tanzania .........................................1842 Azerbaijan.......................................2242 Czech Republic ..............................2242 Nicaragua .......................................2242 United Kingdom .............................2246 Belize .............................................2446 Greece ...........................................2446 Namibia ..........................................2446 South Africa ...................................2450 Serbia .............................................2551 Burundi...........................................2651 Finland............................................2651 Gambia, The...................................2651 Macedonia, FYR.............................2651 Rwanda..........................................2651 Slovak Republic..............................2651 Suriname........................................2651 Sweden..........................................2659 Canada ...........................................2859 Montenegro ...................................2861 Costa Rica......................................2962 Lithuania.........................................3062 Madagascar....................................3062 Tajikistan ........................................3065 Bosnia and Herzegovina ................3165 Mali ................................................3165 Mauritania ......................................3165 Uruguay..........................................3169 France ............................................3270 Cameroon ......................................3371 Burkina Faso ..................................34


72 Estonia ...........................................3572 Hungary..........................................3574 Benin..............................................3674 Chad...............................................3676 Moldova .........................................3776 Slovenia..........................................3778 Senegal ..........................................3879 Cambodia .......................................3979 Croatia............................................3981 Ethiopia ..........................................4082 Lesotho..........................................4482 Panama ..........................................4484 Brazil ..............................................4685 Kenya .............................................4785 Mexico ...........................................4787 Côte d’Ivoire ..................................4988 Nigeria............................................5089 Chile ...............................................5289 Luxembourg...................................5291 Swaziland.......................................5392 Thailand..........................................5493 Albania ...........................................5693 Guyana...........................................5693 India ...............................................5693 Spain ..............................................5697 Angola ............................................5898 Colombia ........................................5999 Jamaica ..........................................62

100 Cyprus............................................64101 Trinidad and Tobago.......................67102 Germany ........................................69102 Qatar ..............................................69104 Malaysia .........................................75105 Kuwait ............................................78106 Saudi Arabia ...................................80106 Syria ...............................................80108 Malawi ...........................................84108 United Arab Emirates.....................84110 Morocco.........................................85111 El Salvador .....................................86112 Iran, Islamic Rep. ...........................87112 Vietnam..........................................87114 Dominican Republic .......................88115 Botswana.......................................90115 Nepal..............................................90115 Pakistan..........................................90118 China..............................................91118 Israel ..............................................91118 Korea, Rep. ....................................91118 Philippines......................................91118 Taiwan, China ................................91123 Cape Verde ....................................93124 Argentina........................................95124 Honduras........................................95124 Turkey ............................................95127 Portugal..........................................97128 Paraguay ........................................99129 Guatemala....................................101130 Bangladesh ..................................104131 Indonesia......................................108132 Egypt............................................132133 Mozambique ................................134134 Ecuador ........................................135135 Ghana...........................................178135 Zambia .........................................178137 Sri Lanka ......................................217138 Zimbabwe ....................................446139 Bolivia............................. not possible139 Venezuela....................... not possiblen/a Barbados.......................................n/an/a Malta .............................................n/a

7.05 Redundancy costsRedundancy costs in weeks of salary | 2009


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1 Singapore.................................. 5.52 Hong Kong SAR........................ 5.43 Taiwan, China ........................... 5.44 Malaysia .................................... 5.35 Switzerland ............................... 5.36 Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.17 Estonia ...................................... 5.18 United States ............................ 4.99 Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 4.8

10 Vietnam..................................... 4.811 Japan......................................... 4.812 United Arab Emirates................ 4.713 China......................................... 4.714 Slovak Republic......................... 4.715 Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.716 Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.717 Albania ...................................... 4.718 Kazakhstan................................ 4.719 Bahrain ...................................... 4.620 Qatar ......................................... 4.621 United Kingdom ........................ 4.622 Lithuania.................................... 4.623 Israel ......................................... 4.524 Tajikistan ................................... 4.525 Ireland ....................................... 4.526 Latvia......................................... 4.527 Cambodia .................................. 4.528 Indonesia................................... 4.529 Thailand..................................... 4.530 Mongolia ................................... 4.531 Czech Republic ......................... 4.432 Canada ...................................... 4.433 Azerbaijan.................................. 4.434 New Zealand............................. 4.435 Sri Lanka ................................... 4.436 Iceland....................................... 4.337 Morocco.................................... 4.338 Germany ................................... 4.339 India .......................................... 4.340 Australia .................................... 4.341 Armenia..................................... 4.342 Ukraine...................................... 4.343 Chile .......................................... 4.344 Oman ........................................ 4.345 Poland ....................................... 4.246 Rwanda..................................... 4.247 Finland....................................... 4.248 Moldova .................................... 4.249 Bulgaria ..................................... 4.250 Puerto Rico ............................... 4.151 Luxembourg.............................. 4.152 Denmark ................................... 4.153 Gambia, The.............................. 4.154 Macedonia, FYR........................ 4.155 Romania .................................... 4.156 France ....................................... 4.157 Georgia...................................... 4.058 Hungary..................................... 4.059 Costa Rica................................. 4.060 Montenegro .............................. 4.061 Russian Federation ................... 4.062 Lebanon .................................... 4.063 Kenya ........................................ 4.064 Malta ......................................... 4.065 Austria....................................... 4.066 Netherlands............................... 3.967 Guatemala................................. 3.968 Cyprus....................................... 3.969 Botswana.................................. 3.970 Norway...................................... 3.971 Barbados................................... 3.9


72 Jordan ....................................... 3.973 Kuwait ....................................... 3.974 Mauritius ................................... 3.875 Turkey ....................................... 3.876 Philippines................................. 3.877 Malawi ...................................... 3.878 Nigeria....................................... 3.879 Sweden..................................... 3.880 Guyana...................................... 3.781 Tunisia....................................... 3.782 Peru........................................... 3.783 Brazil ......................................... 3.784 Mexico ...................................... 3.785 Belize ........................................ 3.786 Pakistan..................................... 3.787 Senegal ..................................... 3.788 Ethiopia ..................................... 3.689 Syria .......................................... 3.690 Yemen....................................... 3.691 Timor-Leste............................... 3.692 Belgium..................................... 3.693 Haiti........................................... 3.694 Colombia ................................... 3.695 Bangladesh ............................... 3.696 Egypt......................................... 3.597 Slovenia..................................... 3.598 Croatia....................................... 3.599 Namibia ..................................... 3.5

100 El Salvador ................................ 3.5101 Honduras................................... 3.5102 Cameroon ................................. 3.4103 Serbia ........................................ 3.4104 Ghana........................................ 3.4105 Côte d’Ivoire ............................. 3.4106 Zambia ...................................... 3.4107 Nicaragua .................................. 3.3108 Paraguay ................................... 3.3109 Angola ....................................... 3.3110 Madagascar............................... 3.3111 Dominican Republic .................. 3.3112 Portugal..................................... 3.2113 Ecuador ..................................... 3.2114 Jamaica ..................................... 3.2115 Bolivia........................................ 3.2116 Uganda...................................... 3.2117 Tanzania .................................... 3.2118 Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.1119 Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.1120 Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.1121 Mali ........................................... 3.1122 Greece ...................................... 3.1123 Cape Verde ............................... 3.1124 Nepal......................................... 3.1125 Italy ........................................... 3.1126 Spain ......................................... 3.1127 Benin......................................... 3.0128 Chad.......................................... 3.0129 Panama ..................................... 3.0130 South Africa .............................. 3.0131 Mozambique ............................. 3.0132 Swaziland.................................. 3.0133 Burundi...................................... 2.9134 Zimbabwe ................................. 2.9135 Suriname................................... 2.8136 Algeria ....................................... 2.8137 Burkina Faso ............................. 2.8138 Argentina................................... 2.7139 Lesotho..................................... 2.7140 Uruguay..................................... 2.7141 Venezuela.................................. 2.5142 Mauritania ................................. 2.3

7.06 Pay and productivityTo what extent is pay in your country related to productivity? [1 = not related to worker productivity; 7 = strongly related to worker productivity] | 2010–11 weighted average


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1 Sweden..................................... 6.42 New Zealand............................. 6.33 Finland....................................... 6.24 Norway...................................... 6.25 Canada ...................................... 6.16 United Kingdom ........................ 6.07 Denmark ................................... 6.08 Netherlands............................... 6.09 Switzerland ............................... 6.0

10 Australia .................................... 6.011 Singapore.................................. 5.912 Ireland ....................................... 5.813 Germany ................................... 5.714 Belgium..................................... 5.615 Japan......................................... 5.516 Puerto Rico ............................... 5.517 United States ............................ 5.518 South Africa .............................. 5.519 Qatar ......................................... 5.520 Malaysia .................................... 5.521 Israel ......................................... 5.422 Iceland....................................... 5.323 Zimbabwe ................................. 5.324 Austria....................................... 5.225 Estonia ...................................... 5.226 Luxembourg.............................. 5.227 Chile .......................................... 5.228 Taiwan, China ........................... 5.229 France ....................................... 5.130 Bahrain ...................................... 5.131 Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.132 Sri Lanka ................................... 5.033 Barbados................................... 5.034 Hong Kong SAR........................ 5.035 United Arab Emirates................ 4.936 Botswana.................................. 4.937 Rwanda..................................... 4.938 Oman ........................................ 4.939 Brazil ......................................... 4.840 Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.841 Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.842 Gambia, The.............................. 4.843 Czech Republic ......................... 4.744 Ghana........................................ 4.745 Spain ......................................... 4.746 China......................................... 4.747 Malawi ...................................... 4.648 Peru........................................... 4.649 Costa Rica................................. 4.650 Philippines................................. 4.651 Guyana...................................... 4.552 Namibia ..................................... 4.553 India .......................................... 4.554 Tunisia....................................... 4.555 Zambia ...................................... 4.556 Lithuania.................................... 4.557 Jamaica ..................................... 4.458 Trinidad and Tobago.................. 4.459 Slovak Republic......................... 4.460 Mauritius ................................... 4.461 Malta ......................................... 4.462 Thailand..................................... 4.363 Hungary..................................... 4.364 Argentina................................... 4.365 Poland ....................................... 4.366 Nigeria....................................... 4.367 Guatemala................................. 4.368 Cameroon ................................. 4.369 Albania ...................................... 4.370 Indonesia................................... 4.371 Kenya ........................................ 4.2


72 Colombia ................................... 4.273 Côte d’Ivoire ............................. 4.274 Swaziland.................................. 4.275 Mexico ...................................... 4.176 Portugal..................................... 4.177 Cambodia .................................. 4.178 Latvia......................................... 4.179 Tanzania .................................... 4.180 Turkey ....................................... 4.181 Slovenia..................................... 4.182 Montenegro .............................. 4.083 Venezuela.................................. 4.084 Romania .................................... 3.985 Georgia...................................... 3.986 Lesotho..................................... 3.987 Uruguay..................................... 3.988 Pakistan..................................... 3.989 Benin......................................... 3.990 Uganda...................................... 3.991 Suriname................................... 3.992 Senegal ..................................... 3.993 Kuwait ....................................... 3.994 Cyprus....................................... 3.995 Vietnam..................................... 3.896 Bangladesh ............................... 3.897 Greece ...................................... 3.898 Moldova .................................... 3.899 Lebanon .................................... 3.8

100 Jordan ....................................... 3.8101 Morocco.................................... 3.8102 Honduras................................... 3.7103 Cape Verde ............................... 3.7104 Ecuador ..................................... 3.7105 Azerbaijan.................................. 3.7106 Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 3.7107 Armenia..................................... 3.7108 Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 3.7109 Panama ..................................... 3.7110 Italy ........................................... 3.7111 Bulgaria ..................................... 3.7112 Russian Federation ................... 3.7113 Ethiopia ..................................... 3.7114 Madagascar............................... 3.6115 Croatia....................................... 3.6116 Kazakhstan................................ 3.6117 Belize ........................................ 3.6118 Nepal......................................... 3.6119 Mongolia ................................... 3.6120 El Salvador ................................ 3.5121 Egypt......................................... 3.5122 Nicaragua .................................. 3.5123 Mozambique ............................. 3.5124 Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 3.5125 Paraguay ................................... 3.4126 Macedonia, FYR........................ 3.3127 Burkina Faso ............................. 3.3128 Dominican Republic .................. 3.3129 Tajikistan ................................... 3.3130 Syria .......................................... 3.3131 Ukraine...................................... 3.3132 Mali ........................................... 3.3133 Serbia ........................................ 3.3134 Bolivia........................................ 3.2135 Timor-Leste............................... 3.1136 Haiti........................................... 3.1137 Burundi...................................... 3.1138 Angola ....................................... 2.8139 Algeria ....................................... 2.8140 Mauritania ................................. 2.6141 Chad.......................................... 2.4142 Yemen....................................... 2.1

7.07 Reliance on professional managementIn your country, who holds senior management positions? [1 = usually relatives or friends without regard to merit; 7 = mostly professional managers chosen for merit and qualifications] | 2010–11 weighted average


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1 Switzerland ............................... 6.32 Singapore.................................. 5.83 United States ............................ 5.74 United Kingdom ........................ 5.65 Qatar ......................................... 5.66 Sweden..................................... 5.47 Canada ...................................... 5.48 Hong Kong SAR........................ 5.39 Saudi Arabia .............................. 5.2

10 United Arab Emirates................ 5.211 Netherlands............................... 5.112 Norway...................................... 5.113 Finland....................................... 5.114 Chile .......................................... 5.015 Bahrain ...................................... 5.016 Luxembourg.............................. 5.017 Belgium..................................... 4.918 Korea, Rep. ............................... 4.819 Malaysia .................................... 4.820 Costa Rica................................. 4.821 Oman ........................................ 4.822 Taiwan, China ........................... 4.723 Iceland....................................... 4.724 Japan......................................... 4.625 Rwanda..................................... 4.626 Barbados................................... 4.527 Austria....................................... 4.528 Australia .................................... 4.529 Denmark ................................... 4.530 Brazil ......................................... 4.431 Germany ................................... 4.432 India .......................................... 4.433 China......................................... 4.334 Ireland ....................................... 4.335 Israel ......................................... 4.336 Kuwait ....................................... 4.237 Indonesia................................... 4.238 Panama ..................................... 4.239 Peru........................................... 4.140 Malta ......................................... 4.141 Thailand..................................... 4.142 Brunei Darussalam.................... 4.043 France ....................................... 4.044 Gambia, The.............................. 4.045 Cambodia .................................. 3.846 Montenegro .............................. 3.847 Cyprus....................................... 3.848 South Africa .............................. 3.849 Sri Lanka ................................... 3.850 Botswana.................................. 3.851 Tunisia....................................... 3.752 Kenya ........................................ 3.753 Guatemala................................. 3.654 Spain ......................................... 3.555 Nigeria....................................... 3.556 Estonia ...................................... 3.557 Ghana........................................ 3.558 Slovenia..................................... 3.459 Trinidad and Tobago.................. 3.460 Suriname................................... 3.461 Mexico ...................................... 3.462 Morocco.................................... 3.463 Benin......................................... 3.464 Pakistan..................................... 3.465 Argentina................................... 3.466 Namibia ..................................... 3.467 Angola ....................................... 3.468 Dominican Republic .................. 3.469 Colombia ................................... 3.370 Mozambique ............................. 3.371 Malawi ...................................... 3.3


72 Senegal ..................................... 3.373 Jordan ....................................... 3.374 Puerto Rico ............................... 3.375 Tanzania .................................... 3.276 Cape Verde ............................... 3.277 Mauritius ................................... 3.278 Azerbaijan.................................. 3.279 Czech Republic ......................... 3.280 Portugal..................................... 3.281 Vietnam..................................... 3.282 New Zealand............................. 3.283 Albania ...................................... 3.184 Uruguay..................................... 3.185 Tajikistan ................................... 3.186 Zambia ...................................... 3.187 Côte d’Ivoire ............................. 3.188 Kazakhstan................................ 3.189 Latvia......................................... 3.190 Honduras................................... 3.191 Philippines................................. 3.192 Ecuador ..................................... 3.093 Timor-Leste............................... 3.094 Uganda...................................... 3.095 Jamaica ..................................... 3.096 Poland ....................................... 3.097 Turkey ....................................... 2.998 Russian Federation ................... 2.999 Zimbabwe ................................. 2.9

100 Chad.......................................... 2.9101 Bangladesh ............................... 2.9102 Georgia...................................... 2.9103 Armenia..................................... 2.9104 Madagascar............................... 2.8105 Italy ........................................... 2.8106 Bolivia........................................ 2.7107 Iran, Islamic Rep. ...................... 2.7108 Paraguay ................................... 2.7109 Ethiopia ..................................... 2.6110 Syria .......................................... 2.6111 Slovak Republic......................... 2.6112 Nicaragua .................................. 2.6113 Mali ........................................... 2.6114 Cameroon ................................. 2.6115 El Salvador ................................ 2.6116 Burkina Faso ............................. 2.6117 Lithuania.................................... 2.5118 Mongolia ................................... 2.5119 Greece ...................................... 2.5120 Guyana...................................... 2.5121 Hungary..................................... 2.5122 Egypt......................................... 2.5123 Lebanon .................................... 2.4124 Belize ........................................ 2.4125 Ukraine...................................... 2.4126 Bosnia and Herzegovina ........... 2.2127 Bulgaria ..................................... 2.2128 Croatia....................................... 2.2129 Mauritania ................................. 2.2130 Nepal......................................... 2.2131 Romania .................................... 2.2132 Swaziland.................................. 2.1133 Macedonia, FYR........................ 2.1134 Moldova .................................... 2.0135 Venezuela.................................. 2.0136 Lesotho..................................... 2.0137 Kyrgyz Republic ........................ 2.0138 Yemen....................................... 2.0139 Serbia ........................................ 1.8140 Burundi...................................... 1.8141 Algeria ....................................... 1.7142 Haiti........................................... 1.7

7.08 Brain drainDoes your country retain and attract talented people? [1 = no, the best and brightest normally leave to pursue opportunities in other countries; 7 = yes, there are many opportunities for talented people within the country] | 2010–11 weighted average


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SOURCE: International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labor Markets Net (accessed 4 May 2011); national sourcesKey Indicators of the Labor Markets Net (accessed 4 May 2011); national sourcesKey Indicators of the Labor Markets Net1 2008 2 2011


1 Burundi........................................1.042 Rwanda.......................................1.033 Ghana..........................................0.994 Mozambique ...............................0.995 Tanzania ......................................0.976 Madagascar.................................0.967 Finland.........................................0.968 Malawi ........................................0.969 Sweden.......................................0.94

10 Norway........................................0.9411 Moldova ......................................0.9212 Lesotho.......................................0.9213 Botswana....................................0.9214 Vietnam.......................................0.9215 Denmark .....................................0.9216 Ethiopia .......................................0.9117 Azerbaijan....................................0.9118 Russian Federation .....................0.9119 Kazakhstan..................................0.9120 Lithuania......................................0.9121 Canada ........................................0.9022 Iceland.........................................0.9023 Barbados.....................................0.9024 Estonia ........................................0.8925 Slovenia.......................................0.8826 Uganda........................................0.8827 Mongolia .....................................0.8828 Latvia...........................................0.8829 Israel ...........................................0.8830 Kenya ..........................................0.8831 Benin...........................................0.8832 Switzerland .................................0.8833 Burkina Faso ...............................0.8834 China...........................................0.8835 Cambodia ....................................0.8736 Portugal.......................................0.8737 France .........................................0.8738 Netherlands.................................0.8739 Germany .....................................0.8740 Ukraine........................................0.8641 Angola .........................................0.8642 Bulgaria .......................................0.8543 New Zealand...............................0.8544 United States ..............................0.8545 Australia ......................................0.8546 Austria.........................................0.8447 United Kingdom ..........................0.8448 Bosnia and Herzegovina .............0.8449 Namibia .......................................0.8450 Gambia, The................................0.8451 Armenia.......................................0.8452 Croatia.........................................0.8353 Thailand.......................................0.8354 Belgium.......................................0.8355 Chad............................................0.8256 Zimbabwe ...................................0.8157 Cyprus.........................................0.8158 Poland .........................................0.8159 Nepal...........................................0.8160 Luxembourg................................0.8061 Slovak Republic...........................0.8062 Peru.............................................0.8063 Hungary.......................................0.8064 Brunei Darussalam......................0.8065 Romania ......................................0.7966 Jamaica .......................................0.7967 Ireland .........................................0.7868 Czech Republic ...........................0.7869 Montenegro1 ..............................0.7869 Serbia1 ........................................0.7871 Uruguay.......................................0.77


72 Bolivia..........................................0.7773 Hong Kong SAR..........................0.7774 Spain ...........................................0.7775 Georgia........................................0.7676 South Africa ................................0.7677 Zambia ........................................0.7678 Brazil ...........................................0.7579 Taiwan, China2............................0.7580 Tajikistan .....................................0.7581 Mauritania ...................................0.7482 Singapore....................................0.7483 Trinidad and Tobago....................0.7384 Japan...........................................0.7385 Swaziland....................................0.7386 Senegal .......................................0.7387 Albania ........................................0.7388 Bangladesh .................................0.7389 Korea, Rep. .................................0.7390 Kyrgyz Republic ..........................0.7291 Argentina.....................................0.7192 Greece ........................................0.7093 Italy .............................................0.7094 Timor-Leste1...............................0.7095 Haiti.............................................0.6996 Macedonia, FYR..........................0.6997 Cape Verde .................................0.6998 Paraguay .....................................0.6799 Cameroon ...................................0.66

100 Venezuela....................................0.66101 Dominican Republic ....................0.65102 Puerto Rico .................................0.64103 Philippines...................................0.63104 Côte d’Ivoire ...............................0.62105 Panama .......................................0.62106 Nicaragua ....................................0.61107 El Salvador ..................................0.61108 Indonesia.....................................0.61109 Ecuador .......................................0.61110 Belize ..........................................0.60111 Chile ............................................0.60112 Suriname.....................................0.59113 Costa Rica...................................0.58114 Malaysia ......................................0.57115 Mauritius .....................................0.57116 Mali .............................................0.57117 Guyana........................................0.57118 Guatemala...................................0.56119 Kuwait .........................................0.55120 Mexico ........................................0.55121 Qatar ...........................................0.55122 Colombia .....................................0.55123 Nigeria.........................................0.53124 Honduras.....................................0.51125 Malta ...........................................0.50126 Sri Lanka .....................................0.47127 Algeria .........................................0.47128 United Arab Emirates..................0.46129 Iran, Islamic Rep. ........................0.44130 India ............................................0.42131 Bahrain ........................................0.39132 Tunisia.........................................0.38133 Turkey .........................................0.35134 Morocco......................................0.34135 Oman ..........................................0.34136 Lebanon ......................................0.33137 Jordan .........................................0.32138 Egypt...........................................0.30139 Yemen.........................................0.28140 Saudi Arabia ................................0.27141 Syria ............................................0.27142 Pakistan.......................................0.26

7.09 Female participation in labor forceRatio of female participation in the labor force (%) to male participation in the labor force (%) | 2009


section vii labor market efficiency€¦ · section vii: labor market efficiency world...

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