section two: a profile of ottawa countysection two: a profile of ottawa county chapter summaries...

Ottawa County Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan Parks and Recreation Commission Page 5

SECTION TWO: A PROFILE OF OTTAWA COUNTY

Chapter Summaries

Chapter Three: County Description • Ottawa County’s extensive and unique natural

resources including the Lake Michigan shoreline and dunes and the Grand River with its bayous and wetlands provide an excellent base for outdoor recreation activities

• The County population is growing rapidly which is an

indicator of its natural attractions, economic health, and high quality of life

Chapter Four: Recreation Inventory Although Ottawa County does not have any national parks or recreation areas, two Lake Michigan beach oriented state parks are among the most highly visited state parks in Michigan

The County has 13 developed parks comprising almost 1200 acres, nine undeveloped park areas totaling 1,841 acres and 1648 acres of undeveloped open space land

The County Park System provides regional recreation opportunities based on its natural resource based park and open space system

Local municipalities provide for the recreational needs for their local communities

Private and commercial enterprises also provide significant recreational opportunities for County residents and visitors

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


NATURAL FEATURES General Location Ottawa County consists of 565 square miles located in Western Michigan along the eastern shoreline of Lake Michigan (Figure 3.1, Page 7). The County's sandy shoreline is 24 miles long while its eastern boundary runs 30 miles from north to south. Traveling straight across the County from the eastern boundary to the Lake Michigan shoreline involves a 22-mile trip. The counties of Allegan, Muskegon and Kent occupy the southern, northern and eastern edges of the County. The City of Grand Haven is designated as the County seat and is located in the northwest corner of the County, is approximately 100 miles from Lansing, 175 miles from Detroit, and 165 miles from Chicago. Other political jurisdictions that comprise the County in addition to the City of Grand Haven include five cities, one village, and 17 townships (Figure 3.2, Page 8). Climate Lake Michigan influences the climate in Ottawa County significantly. Prevailing westerly winds blowing across the lake effectively moderate extreme winter and summer temperatures. In comparison to areas across the lake or further inland, temperatures above 90oF in the summer and below zero in the winter occur infrequently, rarely more than three or four times per season. Seldom do prolonged periods of extremely hot or cold weather prevail during the summer or winter. Rainfall averages over 31 inches per year. June and September are the wettest months while February remains the driest. The average annual snowfall measures 65 inches and increases to nearly 80 inches in a snow belt extending along the lake shore. Annual snowfall can range from accumulations exceeding 100 inches to amounts well less than 20 inches per year. Measurable amounts of snow usually fall each month from October through April. Climate influences not only the extent of outdoor recreation but also the types of activities pursued. The ever-changing diversity of the climate in Ottawa County allows for seasonal variety in outdoor recreational opportunities. Abundant snowfall and extended periods of temperatures consistently below freezing encourage participation in outdoor winter activities, such as sledding, ice skating, snowmobiling and skiing. When the weather turns warmer, many travel to the County's popular shoreline seeking the cooling comfort of Lake Michigan. During or immediately after a prolonged spell of warm, humid weather, the public beaches along the County's shoreline attract large crowds, especially on summer weekends. In spite of variations

CHAPTER THREE: COUNTY DESCRIPTION

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Figure 3.1 Regional Context

OTTAWA COUNTYPARKS, RECREATION and OPEN SPACE PLAN - 2006

LEGEND

Township Boundaries

Township Section Boundaries

Municipalities µ0 1 2 3 4 50.5

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CHESTER TOWNSHIP

WRIGHT TOWNSHIPPOLKTON TOWNSHIPCROCKERY TOWNSHIPSPRING LAKE TOWNSHIP

FERRYSBURG

GRAND HAVEN

SPRING LAKE

ALLENDALE TOWNSHIP

GRAND HAVEN TOWNSHIP ROBINSON TOWNSHIP

TALLMADGE TOWNSHIP

PORT SHELDON TOWNSHIP OLIVE TOWNSHIP BLENDON TOWNSHIP

GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP

PARK TOWNSHIP HOLLAND TOWNSHIP ZEELAND TOWNSHIPJAMESTOWN TOWNSHIP

HUDSONVILLE

HOLLAND

ZEELAND

COOPERSVILLE

ONE INCH EQUALS 2.5 MILES

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in the weather from year to year, the County's climate remains an important feature that has enhanced the pursuit of outdoor recreation. Environmental Resources The environmental resources of Ottawa County have enticed fur trappers, lumber men, early settlers, farmers and today's residents and tourists. Outdoor recreation in Ottawa County has been enhanced by the existence of these environmental amenities - by the sandy beaches of Lake Michigan, by the slowly winding Grand River and its associated wetlands, by its popular inland lakes including Spring Lake and Lake Macatawa, and by the pleasant mixture of forests and grasslands that support a variety of wildlife. As attractive as they are, it is unfortunate that the environmental resources that exist today are far different than those that greeted the earliest settlers to Ottawa County. In the past, communities developed their land with little regard for existing natural systems. Natural features were often viewed as a liability, needing to be controlled or destroyed. Attitudes toward land have changed gradually in recent years as people began to learn the effects of human activity on the environment. A new realization is emerging that development activities which destroy natural features carry greater costs - the most basic of which is a reduction in overall quality of life. The natural features of Ottawa County - lakes, dunes, rivers and streams, rolling hillsides, wetlands, forests and open space - reflect its character. Previous studies have found that the citizens of Ottawa County are increasingly aware of the benefits which natural features provide and noted a growing willingness to support strong policies to protect these environmental assets. A basic goal of this section is to better identify key natural features and environmental resources in order that they can be protected. Soils & Topography: Directly overlying ancient bedrock formations are glacially deposited sands, gravels, and clays of varying concentrations and thicknesses. These glacial deposits are responsible for today's visible surface features or land forms, defining a landscape of generally flat to gently rolling terrain. Except in the dunal area along Lake Michigan, where some sand dunes reach 200 feet in height and deep ravines are located in various areas, abrupt local changes in topography are uncommon in the County. While at the Lake Michigan shoreline the elevation measures 580 feet above sea level, the highest elevation in the County is slightly more than 800 feet above sea level (See County Topographic Map, Figure 3.3, Page 10). Most soils in the County are also the result of glaciation, except the wind-blown sand along the lake, the alluvial soils on the flood plain, and the organic soils produced from decaying vegetation. The soils range from the light sandy soils associated with the lake plain to the heavier silt and clay loams occurring in the morainal uplands of the east (Figure 3.4, Page 11). Excluding the dune sands and waterlogged marsh soils, most soils have been successfully utilized for many developmental activities. A few soil types in the County do possess some limitations, such as erodibility, compaction, drainage, etc., for certain uses and activities.

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Figure 3.3 Topographic Map

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Recreational development would require a site specific evaluation of soil characteristics in order to identify potential problems. Sand Dunes: The most significant and grandiose of the landforms in Ottawa County are the dune formations along the Lake Michigan shoreline. Nowhere else in the country or world can be found the sand dune formations which characterize the eastern Lake Michigan shoreline. Their visual impact and significance as a natural resource cannot be overstated. Accordingly, the dunes have been the focus of protective legislation, which attempts to regulate development in areas identified as "critical dune areas" by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources and now regulated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Critical dunes in Ottawa County extend almost the entire Lake Michigan shoreline (Figure 3.5, Page 13). The widest areas are north of Lake Macatawa, in or near the Holland State Park and around Port Sheldon. Another significant area of dunes begins north of Lake Michigan Drive extending north to the County line. There are approximately 3,750 acres of critical dunes in Ottawa County. Water Resources: The water resources in Ottawa County are an extraordinary recreational asset. Many parks in the County have been located on or near water, with that particular water body serving as the focal point for recreation. Because of an ever-increasing demand for water-based recreation, the emphasis of many future parks will likely continue to be on the presence of an attractive body of water. Lake Michigan dominates the western edge of the County. It has attracted County residents and non-residents alike to its sandy beaches for years and continues to grow in popularity. Without dispute, the lake is probably the County's greatest recreational feature. Lake Michigan inspires outdoor activities during both summer and winter. During the summer however, activities intensify with swimming, boating, fishing and windsurfing popular shoreline pursuits. The primary water course in the County is the Grand River. Before entering Ottawa County, it has already traveled through numerous other Michigan communities on its way west from its origin near Jackson. Ottawa County is the last stretch of the river's journey, entering the County from the southeast and meandering northwesterly towards Grand Haven where it finally flows into Lake Michigan. The river drains the entire northern portion of the County and much of the eastern half through several small tributaries including the Sand, Rush, Deer, and Crockery Creeks. The remaining portions of the County are drained by the Macatawa (Black) River, which empties into Lake Macatawa, and by the Pigeon River, which flows into Pigeon Lake. The Grand River’s potential for recreation is additionally enhanced by the river's bayous, wetlands and tributaries. Most of the bayous, such as Stearns, Pottawattomie, Lloyd, Milhouse and Bruce, are located along the northwestern reaches of the river and are popular fishing and boating locations. Most wetlands in the County are associated with the Grand River and its tributaries. Other wetland areas can be found along the Macatawa and Pigeon Rivers, inland from the shoreline


LEGENDTownship/Municipal Boundaries

Primary County Roads

Critical Dunes

Lakes and Rivers

Streams and Drains

Wetlands

Emergent

Forested

Scrub-Shrub

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area, and sparsely scattered areas in the northeast. Wetlands are vitally important natural features for their fish, wildlife and plant habitat; for their ability to filter pollutants; for their groundwater recharge value and for their importance in reducing flooding. Anchoring the County's Lake Michigan shoreline is Spring Lake in the north and Lake Macatawa in the south. The recreational importance of these two large inland lakes is clearly evident by the concentration of much of the County's population in the communities located on these lakes. Because of these population concentrations, both Lake Macatawa and Spring Lake receive a large amount of recreational use. There are several other inland lakes scattered throughout the County, ranging in size from 225 acres to less than five acres. Pigeon Lake (225 acres) adjacent to Lake Michigan, and Crockery Lake (108 acres), located in the northeast, are the larger of these inland lakes. Both are popular recreational lakes. Water quality is a problem in many of Ottawa County's lakes and streams. Non-point source pollution is believed to be a major cause of water pollution. Non-point source pollution includes runoff from urban areas, farms, residential septic fields and many other difficult to define sources. Plants and Wildlife: During the last century, the extensive white pine and hardwood forests that nearly covered the entire County attracted the lumber industry to this area. As these forests were logged out, the remaining cleared land was eventually farmed. Today, scattered patches of forest are found interspersed with fields of cultivated crops. Many of these smaller forests are located along wetlands, streams and rivers, on stabilized sand dunes along the lake, and on soils or lands not suitable for farming. In the 1930s, many acres of cleared land with sandy soils were planted in pine in order to combat wind erosion. These maturing pine plantations dot the western half of the County. Figure 3.6 on page 15 illustrates the location of forested lands in Ottawa County using 1992 data. According to the GVSU Water Resources Institute, Ottawa County contained 83,334 acres of forest land making up 22.5% of the total land area. Deciduous forests accounted for 64,922 acres with coniferous forests, including Christmas tree plantations, covering 18,412 acres. A beech-maple forest represents the climax forest characteristic of this climate. Many examples of this forest type can be found throughout the County, especially in the back dunes along the shoreline. In wetter bottom lands, along rivers and streams, those plant species more tolerant of wet soils have dominated, such as ash, cottonwood, sycamore, and silver maple. Oaks and pines can be found in the drier upland areas of the County. A variety of native herbaceous plants can be found in fields, along roadsides, stream banks, marshes or other undisturbed areas. In 1988, an inventory of natural features was prepared for Ottawa County by the Natural Features Inventory, a joint effort of the Nature Conservancy and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. 37 natural areas of special interest were identified and rated as to their environmental quality and significance. Of the thirty-seven areas identified, 11 were categorized

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Figure 3.6 Land Cover

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


as "notably significant," four were categorized as having "exceptional significance," and the remaining were categorized as "non-qualifying." Of the areas classified as "notably significant," almost half serve as habitats for state threatened plant species. The vast majority of the significant areas identified are located along the Grand River corridor. Appendix A shows the locations of the significant areas and provides a description of each site. The species of wildlife to be found in any area is dependent on the available habitat - that combination of associated plant species which provides wildlife with food and cover. Unfortunately, many of Ottawa County's original wildlife populations have disappeared due to the loss of habitat. The habitat that does remain supports a variety of local wildlife. Quail, pheasant, field sparrow, red foxes, rabbits, skunks, woodchucks, and hawks are examples of mammals and birds that normally frequent croplands, pastures, meadows, and other open areas. Woodland areas support such wildlife species as squirrels, raccoons, ruffed grouse, woodcock, wild turkey, woodpeckers, opossum, warblers, deer and owls. In ponds, swamps, marshes and other wetland areas, muskrats, beaver, ducks, geese, herons, mink and shorebirds can be found. A variety of fish species, including steelhead, northern pike, brown trout, largemouth bass, bluegill, channel catfish, and salmon, can be found in the Grand River as well as in many other lakes and streams in the County. Many recreational pursuits depend on the existence of a diverse plant and wildlife community. They tend to define an area's character and ambiance, making that area more attractive and interesting. As people become involved in outdoor recreation, they become more knowledgeable about the natural world around them, including its plants and wildlife. Additional studies are needed to identify lands within Ottawa County which contain locally significant plant and wildlife populations. Priority should be placed on protecting these areas to ensure that remaining plant and wildlife populations survive as development continues. Scenic Resources One of the less tangible natural resources found in the County is its scenic beauty. The spectacular views of Lake Michigan, the majestic contours of the Grand River, and the panoramic display of farmland and grasslands are all part of what makes Ottawa County a special place to live. Scenic resources cannot be defined by firm characteristics like sand dunes, woodlands, and other physical assets. Because scenic resources are determined by the "eye of the beholder;" defining a scenic resource thereby becomes more difficult. Most people see scenic views as including the roadway right-of-way area and adjacent roadside; but it is much more. The features found within these areas may include lakes, streams, and wetlands; striking stands of forest and pastoral views. They also include notable urban scenes and historic and cultural resources. In areas of flat terrain or on high ground, the view may extend for miles in horizon-to-horizon vistas. Efforts should be made to quantify scenic views so that prime views can be identified. Following their identification, methods of protecting high priority views should be explored.

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


CULTURAL FEATURES It is not simply the environmental resources that make Ottawa County unique. Local history, economy, land uses, population, and other cultural characteristics also define the County's particular recreational identity. Consequently, as these cultural characteristics change, their implications for recreation also change. History Ottawa County was once a wilderness. Timber wolves, black bears, and other vanished species stalked the thick pine and hardwood forests that blanketed the County. During the late seventeenth century, Jesuit missionaries and French fur traders were possibly the first non-native people to venture into this wilderness. Because of the availability of many fur-bearing creatures, several trading posts were established in the County. When the demand for their products diminished, the fur trade ceased. When the traders left, lumber men replaced them. In 1836, the first sawmill was located at the mouth of the Grand River, the site for the future settlement of Grand Haven. With a seemingly endless supply of virgin timber in the County and a growing shipping industry on the lake, the lumber industry unhesitatingly expanded. As the supply of timber dwindled, all the large sawmills closed down by 1890 and the few remaining smaller mills were producing only a fraction of the wood output of the earlier lumbering days. Farming and settlements followed closely behind lumbering. With the land cleared of the County's original dense forests, new homes and farms were established. In 1847, a group of immigrants from The Netherlands arrived in Ottawa County and founded the community of Holland. Before long, the few remaining tribes of Indians were gradually assimilated into a new and rapidly changing culture. One such tribe was the Ottawa from whom the County received its name. As farming took hold, other communities spreading out from the lakeshore or following the Grand River were soon established. Even during this period, many took advantage of the County's recreational attractions. Excursions on riverboats plying the Grand River were quite popular with picnics along the river's bank often the objective of such trips. The County's lakeshore was also a center of recreational pursuits. Resorts sprang up in Holland and Grand Haven as well as at a few places in between during the late nineteenth century. These tourist-oriented businesses catered to vacationers from Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis and other out-of-county communities. Economy Economic development of the County began with the exploitation of fur and timber resources during the early nineteenth century. Since that time, the economic base of Ottawa County has steadily expanded and diversified to include various manufacturing activities, numerous agricultural undertakings and growing tourism-related enterprises. Table 3.1 identifies employment distribution in the County and in Michigan. Ottawa County's employment distribution shows that "Management, professional and related" is the largest category followed

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


by "Manufacturing", "Sales and Office occupations" and "Production, transportation and moving occupations”. Michigan's employment distribution differs only slightly with the "Manufacturing" somewhat less important and a bigger emphasis on “Sales and office occupations”. Table 3.1 - Labor Force Employment

Ottawa County Michigan Amount Percent Percent

Employed Population 16 Years and Over 123,168 100.00 100.00

Occupation Management, professional and related 39,221 31.80 31.50

Service occupations 15,737 12.80 14.80 Sales and office occupations 30,423 24.70 25.60

Farming, fishing and forestry occupations 1,211 1.00 0.50

Construction, extraction, and maintenance occupations 9,805 8.00 9.20

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 26,771 21.70 18.50

Industry

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 2,016 1.60 1.10

Construction 7,042 5.70 6.00 Manufacturing 36,311 29.50 22.50

Wholesale trade 5,278 4.30 3.30 Retail trade 14,617 11.90 11.90

Transportation, warehousing and utilities 4,069 3.30 4.10 Information 1,911 1.60 2.10

Finance, insurance, real estate, rental and leasing 5,313 4.30 5.30

Professional, scientific, management, administrative and waste management

services 7,101 5.80 8.00 Education, health and social services 23,161 18.80 19.90

Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and food services. 7,743 6.30 7.60

Other services (except public administration) 6,027 4.90 4.60 Public administration 2,579 2.10 3.60

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Table 3.2 identifies Ottawa County and Michigan employment trends for the years 1999 through 2003. The County's labor force increased between 1999 and 2002, but decreased in both 2002 and 2003. Employment has steadily decreased in the County since 2000 while the unemployment rate has increased in the County, Region 8 and the State of Michigan. The employment information shows the area's employment diversity and emphasizes the variety that exists. Many workers have active jobs while others have sedentary jobs. Recreation facilities and programs should exist that benefit both of these categories. Table 3.2 - Employment Trends

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Ottawa County Total Labor Force 141,975 144,275 144,350 140,575 139,950

Employment 138,175 140,650 138,150 133,125 131,325 Unemployment 3,800 3,650 6,175 7,475 8,625

Unemployment Rate 2.7 2.5 4.3 5.3 6.2

Region 8 Unemployment Rate 3.3 3.2 5.0 6.1 7.4

State of Michigan

Unemployment Rate 3.8 3.6 5.3 6.2 7.3 Source: Michigan Department of Career Development, Labor Market Information

The County's household income levels are considerably higher than Michigan's. Table 3.3 shows Ottawa County's 1999 median household income was $59,896. This figure is much higher than Michigan's median household income of $53,457. The County, however, has a lower per capita income than Michigan. Ottawa County has a very low percentage of people below the poverty level compared to the State level. This information indicates most people in Ottawa County can afford to pay for recreational programs and that the area can afford to develop and maintain adequate facilities to meet the growing population needs. Table 3.3 - Socio-Economic Levels

Median Family Income (1999) Per Capita Income

Percentage of Families Below Poverty Level

Ottawa County $59,896.00 $21,676.00 3.10%

Michigan $53,457.00 $22,168.00 7.40% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


TRANSPORTATION NETWORK The transportation network represents the physical and operational structure that provides people with mobility and access to economic, social, educational and recreational activities within and outside of the County. It also affects recreation in other more subtle ways. The costs to travel, the time it takes to get there, and the travel experience itself (whether the selected route was convenient, scenic, uncongested, and in good repair) all influence the willingness of an individual to leave home in order to participate in a recreation activity. At the same time the transportation network influences the location of recreation facilities and is also impacted by the traffic these facilities may generate. The automobile, as the primary means for personal transportation, has defined much of today's transportation network. Previously distant recreation areas are much closer and more accessible to population centers today as a result of the automobile and a highway system that allows higher speeds, fewer interruptions, greater access, and, consequently, more distance in less time. Conversely, the current transportation network dictates the use of the automobile in order to travel and reach most destination points. Ottawa County is served by an efficient system of highway connections (Figure 3.7, Page 21). Much of this highway system was designed to primarily carry traffic to and from major population centers located within and outside the County. Within Ottawa County, the three major population centers are connected by a triangular network of highways. US-31, running along the shoreline between Holland and Grand Haven, carries traffic north to the Mackinaw Bridge and south to the Indiana border. I-96 enters the County near Marne after its connections in Grand Rapids, Detroit and Lansing, and turns northwest just past Nunica on its way to Muskegon. Originating from Grand Rapids, I-196 continues southeasterly to Holland and then turns south towards the state line. Bisecting this triangle is M-45, which terminates near Lake Michigan at US-31. Re-alignment of M-45 was completed in 2003 and a new bridge was constructed over the Grand River as part of the project. The new bridge and road improvements increase the ease of travel to the west side of Ottawa County and will likely impact the amount of use at the popular lakeshore parks in Ottawa County. They will also affect growth patterns in the County, potentially expanding the rate of growth in the eastern portion of the county. In the fall of 2004, the M-6, Paul B. Henry Freeway, also referred to as the “South Beltline” was completed. It connects I-196 in Georgetown Township to I-96 in Kent County. This new highway has increased the amount and ease of traffic between the south side of Grand Rapids and the Hudsonville and Jenison areas. Due to the ease of travel, Ottawa County Parks and Recreation facilities may also get an increased amount of use from non-residents. Existing parks most likely to be affected by this new highway will be Spring Grove and Hager Parks on the southeastern side of the County and Tunnel Park in Holland. Several County primary roads efficiently support these major regional transportation facilities. Because of the attraction of the Lake Michigan shoreline, the County does experience some difficult seasonal variations in the traffic load due to greater levels of recreational and tourist activities. The US 31-bypass highway study was completed in 1999 for the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration and the Michigan Department of Transportation as a means to evaluate the potential of providing an alternative route of traffic around the greater Grand Haven area (Figure 3.7). The project purpose and need identified for the US 31-study area was to develop alternatives to reduce traffic congestion and improve safety for the traveling public. Alternative F/J1 was picked as the preferred alternative based on needs. This alternative proposes to construct a new highway that connects with US-196 near Zeeland and runs north along 120th Avenue, crosses the Grand River, and connects to I-96 near Nunica. The study indicates the major long term

§̈¦I 96

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£¤US 31

OPM-104

OPM-45

OPM-45

OPM-21

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Apple

State

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Leonard

Wilson

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Mercury

GreenCedar

Comstock

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Lak

esh

ore

Robbins

Fru

itport

Hemlo

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Hickory

Lake

Grand

Harbor

Cleveland

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Wilson

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24

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68

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48

thGarfield

Randall

Sehler

Johnson

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Sherman

Truman

Gooding

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Ken

ow

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Wilson

8th

Leonard

Warner

10

4th

68

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48

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96

th

12

0th

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Lincoln

Lake Michigan

Lak

esh

ore

Buttern

ut

Croswell

Port Sheldon

Taylor

Bauer

Fillmore

Riley

Byron

Adams

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th

64

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Baldwin

Port Sheldon

Riley

32

nd

8th

48

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72

nd

13

6th

12

0th

96

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Ottogan

JamesLakewood

Ottawa Beach

32nd

Lakewood

Bee

line

Paw Paw

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Ott

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a

16

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OPM-6

E I 96W I 96

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S US 31

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Leonard

S I 196

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shore

Byron

Chicago

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Bauer

Cleveland

Lake Michigan

64th

Apple

16th

136th

Butternut

Lincoln32

nd

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Port Sheldon

Truman

Lakewood

Wilson

Baldwin

80th

104th

Gooding

56th

James

144th

Riley

Ottogan

28th

Luce

Linden

Sherman

Cedar

Taylor

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Main

Fillmore

Bus I 196

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112th

Warner

Mercury

22nd

17th

Shore

Fruitp

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Pine

State

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Keno

wa

Green

Croswell

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168th

Ferry

Sehler

12th

Cottonwood

Beac

on

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Bass

14th

Savidge

Waverly7th

36th

Fulton

Rosewood

Ironwood

Van Buren

Douglas

18th

Balsa

m

Arthur

Hayes

Palm

Fairv

iew

Ridge

40th

Fennessy

Ransom

160th

Graa

fscha

p

New Holland

River

Osborn

Bay

Tyler

Harrisburg

Leonard

96th

Riley

8th

Ironwood

112th

S US 3

1

State

Shore

40th

Lake Michigan

Linco

ln

Wilson

16th

32nd

32nd

Port Sheldon

8th

48th

168th

24th

Bus I 196

24th

104th

Cleveland

State

Ironwood


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Proposed US 31 Bypass

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impact on recreation along the new corridor will be noise. The study does indicate there would be temporary impacts on recreation lands during construction. Access would be provided to recreation lands during construction, but there would be lane restrictions and rerouting of traffic. Permanent impacts on recreation are not anticipated according to the study. Although the study indicates there will be only temporary impacts on recreation in Ottawa County, there will be other impacts as well. The construction of a new highway creates a linear physical barrier with limited access under or over it. This could significantly impact the time of travel to get to a park or natural area. More importantly the change in the transportation system will affect growth and land use which will impact future needs for parks and open space. General air carrier and full commercial services are predominantly provided to Ottawa County users by the Kent County and Muskegon County International Airports. There are, however, six airport facilities in Ottawa County. Two of these, Grand Haven Memorial Airport and Park Township/Holland, are public airports. The other four, Coopersville/Pilot County, Jenison/Riverview Airport, Nunica/Jablonski and Zeeland/Ottawa Executive are all private airstrips. Water transportation is another important network in the County that creates additional opportunities for access and mobility. Lake ports at Holland and Grand Haven have gradually shifted from predominantly commercial centers to places of recreation. As recreational boating increases, these lake ports will continue to experience more pressure for boating facilities. This will be in addition to pressures from other competing uses for port resources, such as for commercial, industrial, and residential needs. LAND USE The first land use analysis of Ottawa County in many years was released in 1996 by the Annis Water Resources Institute of Grand Valley State University. Funded by Ottawa County through its Planning Commission, the study uses 1992 aerial photographs to update 1978 land use and cover information previously compiled by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. The study also developed a population allocation model to project how future population growth will impact land use in the county. This section will summarize the results of that study and assess its implications for park and open space planning. 1992 Land Use Figure 3.6 on page 15 shows the 1992 land use for Ottawa County which reveals that the county's landscape continues to be dominated by agricultural land uses. The following graph, Figure 3.8 indicates acreage totals for major land uses showing deciduous forest cover second to agriculture followed by urban land uses. More intense land uses are associated with population concentrations clustered around transportation thoroughfares, surface water resources, and expanding urban areas. Such population concentrations often exhibit complex patterns. Mixed commercial land uses in populated areas are frequently oriented to the transportation network and its corridors. Industrial land uses are also associated with the present highway network or are found near older transportation routes, such as those areas with water or rail access. The smaller concentrations of population in the County are also distributed along major transportation routes. Comparatively, commercial and industrial activities in these areas are often limited and centralized. Residential land uses outside of urban areas are dispersed along County secondary and section line roads which allow for large tracts of agricultural or undeveloped land in between

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


The amenities of living near the Grand River and Lake Michigan have enticed residential development. Although a strip of low-density, single family housing hugs the riverbank along a number of segments of the Grand River, significant portions of the river still flow past open, undeveloped or agricultural lands. In comparison to the river, the Lake Michigan shoreline has experienced more intense residential development and only a very few small tracts of open land still exist. Residential land uses are also increasing rapidly inland from the shoreline. Figure 3.8 Land Use and Cover Change Table 3.4 shows a summary of land use and cover change in Ottawa County between 1978 and 1992. Agricultural use remained the most dominant land use between 1978 and 1992 but was also the land use type that experienced the greatest loss over the 14-year period. Approximately 55% of Ottawa County was considered agricultural in 1978 while this number dropped to 47% in 1992. This represents a net loss of 27,947 acres, a land area equivalent to 44 square miles. On average, agricultural lands in Ottawa County have been converted to some other use at a rate of almost three square miles a year for the past 14 years.

15.3%

47.1%

11.0%

17.6%

5.0%1.6%

2.3%0.1%

SOURCE: Grand Valley State University Water Resources Institute (1996)

Urban 56,522.5 acresAgriculture 173 ,810 acresOpen Field 40,745 acresDeciduous 64,922 .5 acresConife rous 18,412 .5 acresWetland 5,772.5 acresWater 8,465 acresBarren 5 47.5 acres

Histogram of 1992 Land Use and CoverOttawa County, Michigan

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Table 3.4 - Summary of Land Use & Cover Change Between 1978 & 1992 1978 Acres Percent of

County 1992 Acres Percent of

County Difference

91-78 Percent Change

Urban 43,792.5 11.86% 56,522.5 15.29% 12,630 28.84% Agriculture 201,757.5 54.66% 173,810 47.09% -27,947.5 -13.85% Open Field 23,505 6.37% 40,745 11.04% 17,240 73.35% Deciduous 66,475 18.01% 64,922.5 17.59% -1,552.5 -2.34% Coniferous 19,120 5.18% 18,412.5 4.99% -707.5 -3.70% Wetland 5,770 1.56% 5,772.5 1.56% 2.5 0.04% Water 8,072.5 2.19% 8,465 2.29% 392.5 4.86% Barren 605 0.16% 547.5 0.15% -57.5 -9.50% Totals 369,097.5 100.00% 369.097.5 100.00% NA NA

NA=Not Applicable SOURCE: Grand Valley State University Water Resources Institute (1996) Loss of agricultural land was contrasted by urban growth which consumed 12,630 acres of land between 1978 and 1992. This is equivalent to approximately 20 square miles. Most of the land converted to this land use type came from agriculture or the open field categories. However, deciduous and coniferous forest areas were also impacted by urban growth although the full effect on wildlife habitats and important biological communities was not addressed in the land use study. Note the significant increase in open field as a land use category between 1978 and 1992. Although not fully explained by the study, it is believed much of this land, located on the fringe of high growth areas, was removed from agriculture and is in a holding pattern for residential development and other urban land uses. Figure 3.9 on page 25 shows the resulting land use for portions of Ottawa County where land use changed between 1978 and 1992. Again, increases in the urban and open field categories show up clearly on the map. Projected Growth The Annis Water Resources Institute (WRI) at GVSU developed a model for simulating future residential growth which links trends in land use with population projections to project land use changes into the year 2020. Trends in land use were developed from the comparison of 1978 land use to 1992. Population projections were developed by the GVSU Office of Economic Expansion which prepared population projections using three different methods. The WRI used an average of these methods to project population for the year 2020. The study projected a population for Ottawa County of 338,450 by the year 2020. Using the model for simulating growth, the study projects the population will require an additional 32,120 acres to accommodate new residential development. In the process of this residential growth, Ottawa County can be expected to lose 17,332 acres from 1992 agricultural totals. While a more current study has not been done since the 1978 to 1992 comparison, the conclusions of the study for land use are especially alarming in light of 2002 U.S. Census projections for population growth. Table 3.5 on page 27 shows that the new projected population for Ottawa County in 2020 has increased to 393,642 – 16.3 % greater than the previous projection and a 65% increase from the 2000 population.

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Figure 3.9 Land Cover Change

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Estimates include space for residential development only and do not reflect loss of land due to additional roads, commercial establishments, industrial facilities and other uses that would evolve as a result of this new population base. However, the study assumes a constant ratio of residential land use to urban land and estimates that approximately 49,000 acres (or 76 square miles) could be lost to urban growth. The study concludes: While some might debate whether predictions made herein point to a land use crisis in Ottawa County, one important fact remains clear. Ottawa County's population is growing at a phenomenal rate. There is no reason to believe that the trend observed over the last 20 years will change significantly in the next 20 years. The amount of residential growth anticipated for Ottawa County can not occur without substantial change in the existing landscape. The implications for the county's natural landscape are enormous. High quality natural lands are prized for development and are likely to disappear at an ever increasing rate. Efforts to create new parks and protect open spaces will be competing directly with this phenomenal growth. POPULATION Various population characteristics - size, age, income, education, and geographic distribution become important determinants as to the kind, amount, and location of recreational activities. The recreational interests of a person, for example, change as he or she ages, affecting the type and degree of recreation participation. A large proportion of individuals at a certain age level, such as under 15, would dictate certain types of facilities. In addition, many studies have also indicated that as a person's income and education level rises, so does his participation in recreation. Perhaps, more importantly, the geographic distribution and the size of the population impact the provision of recreation. Facilities need to be located where the people are and in sufficient quantity to avoid overuse or under utilization. Ottawa County stands out as one of the fastest growing counties in the State. While Michigan's population, in general, has managed to grow only slightly constant over the past decade, Ottawa County has experienced some of Michigan's largest population increases. Ottawa County ranks eighth in population increase between 1990 and 2000, with an increase of 50,528 people representing a growth rate of 26.9%. By comparison, Kent County grew by 14.7%. This growth is especially remarkable considering that the entire State only grew by 6.9% during the same time period. Between April 2000 and July 2003, there was an additional 4.6% increase bringing the population total to 249,391. Population trends and projections shown in Table 3.5 provide a comparison of population trends and projections to 2020 for Ottawa and surrounding Counties.

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Table 3.5 - Population Trends and Projections of Surrounding Counties

Region Population Trends Numeric Based Trend Projections

1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Allegan 92,557 105,665 113,918 122,993 133,045 144,266 Ionia 57,024 61,518 65,993 70,879 76,266 82,269 Kent 500,631 574,335 616,222 662,496 714,099 772,201

Mecosta 37,317 40,553 43,116 46,296 50,366 55,762 Montcalm 53,059 61,266 66,196 71,719 77,985 85,191

Osceola 20,146 23,197 24,950 26,896 29,081 31,563 Ottawa 187,786 238,314 268,634 303,676 344,765 393,642

Region 8 948,502 1,104,848 1,199,029 1,304,955 1,425,607 1,564,894 Source: West Michigan Regional Planning Commission

The continuing growth of West Michigan and the Grand Rapids metropolitan area are strong indicators of the need for cooperative planning in Ottawa County. Despite predictions to the contrary for the rest of the State, the economic and living environment of Ottawa County and the surrounding region is likely to continue to attract new employers and residents throughout the coming decade and beyond. Within Ottawa County the growth varies widely among local communities as is shown in Table 3.6. The largest numerical increase between 1990 and 2000 occurred in Holland Township (11,381 new residents); and the highest rate of increase was in Zeeland Township (70.2%) followed closely by Olive Township (66.9%). The historic population trends shown on Table 3.6 provide a comparison among local communities since 1990. Over half of the population (54.24%) resides in five communities - Georgetown Township, Holland Township, the City of Holland, Park Township, and Grand Haven Township. These communities, found in three completely separate areas, contain a population of 129,272. These same three distinct areas comprise the centers from which growth is emanating - Georgetown Township, the City of Holland, and the City of Grand Haven. Zeeland Township, Olive Township, Allendale Township and Port Sheldon Township have all grown by more than 50% since 1990, reflecting growth in the Grand Rapids and Holland areas.

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Table 3.6 - Ottawa County Population Trends: 1990-2000

Minor Civil Division 1990

Census 2000

Census % Change 1990 -2000

Population Inc. 1990 -2000

Allendale Twp. 8,014 13,042 62.7 5,028 Blendon Twp. 4,740 5,712 20.5 972 Chester Twp. 2,133 2,315 8.5 182

Coopersville City 3,421 3,910 14.3 489 Crockery Twp. 3,599 3,782 5.1 183 Ferrysburg City 2,919 3,040 4.1 121

Georgetown Twp. 32,672 41,658 27.5 8,986 Grand Haven City 11,951 11,168 -6.6 -783 Grand Haven Twp. 9,710 13,278 36.7 3,568

Holland City* 25,086 27,846 11 2,760 Holland Twp. 17,530 28,911 65 11,381

Hudsonville City 6,170 7,160 16 990 Jamestown Twp. 4,059 5,062 24.7 1,003

Olive Twp. 2,810 4,691 66.9 1,881 Park Twp. 13,534 17,579 29.9 4,045

Polkton Twp. 2,292 2,335 1.9 43 Port Sheldon Twp. 2,985 4,503 50.1 1,518

Robinson Twp. 3,925 5,588 42.4 1,663 Spring Lake Twp. 8,214 10,626 29.3 2,412

Spring Lake Village 2,537 2,514 -0.9 -23 Tallmadge Twp. 6,293 6,881 9.3 588

Wright Twp. 3,285 3,286 0 1 Zeeland City 5,417 5,805 7.2 388 Zeeland Twp. 4,472 7,613 70.2 3,141 County Total 187,768 238,314 26.9 50,546

* in Ottawa County only Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000

Projections of future population growth serve as an important tool for projecting what the future recreational needs of the County may be. Table 3.7 illustrates the population projections for the County to the year 2020. These projections indicate substantial growth within the County for the coming years and therefore support the need for more recreational facilities and open space to meet the needs of County residents in the future.

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Table 3.7 - Ottawa County Population Projections: 1990 - 2020

Minor Civil Division

2005 Projected

Pop. % Change 2000 -2005

2010 Projected

Pop.

2020 Projected

Pop.

Allendale Twp. 16,286 24.9 20,352 32,311 Blendon Twp. 6,336 10.9 7,002 8,514 Chester Twp. 2,405 3.9 2,498 2,690

Coopersville City 4,238 8.4 4,587 5,358 Crockery Twp. 3,894 3 4,008 4,244 Ferrysburg City 3,173 4.4 3,309 3,597

Georgetown Twp. 47,291 13.5 53,569 68,574 Grand Haven City 10,957 -1.9 10,748 10,338 Grand Haven Twp. 15,435 16.2 17,887 23,941

Holland City* 29,197 4.9 30,590 33,513 Holland Twp. 35,225 21.8 42,784 63,229

Hudsonville City 7,884 10.1 8,668 10,452 Jamestown Twp. 5,565 9.9 6,103 7,302

Olive Twp. 5,619 19.8 6,711 9,581 Park Twp. 20,275 15.3 23,346 30,980

Polkton Twp. 2,393 2.5 2,451 2,571 Port Sheldon Twp. 5,604 24.5 7,015 11,379

Robinson Twp. 6,595 18 7,763 10,752 Spring Lake Twp. 11,979 12.7 13,467 16,940

Spring Lake Village 2,466 -1.9 2,419 2,327 Tallmadge Twp. 7,203 4.7 7,535 8,230

Wright Twp. 3,296 0.3 3,305 3,325 Zeeland City 6,034 3.9 6,269 6,757 Zeeland Twp. 9,284 21.9 11,288 16,738 County Total 268,634 12.7 303,676 393,642

* in Ottawa County only Source: West Mich. Regional Planning Comm.

Age As noted previously, the age of the population is an important indicator for recreation planning. Considerable variation exists with respect to age. For example, while the County median age is 32.3 years, the median in Allendale Township is only 21.3, reflecting the influence of Grand Valley State University. High concentrations of school-age children are found in some of the rural areas such as Blendon, Jamestown, and Olive Townships. At the opposite end of the spectrum, the median ages in the Spring Lake, Ferrysburg, and Grand Haven are 44, 40.5, and 40 years respectively, indicating an aging population. Table 3.8 shows the age by community in Ottawa County

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Table 3.8 - Age by Community - As a Percent of Community Population

Percent of total population

Geographic area `Total

population Under

18 years 18 to 24

years 25 to 44

years 45 to 64

years 65 years and over

Median age

(years)

Ottawa County 238,314 28.7 11.9 29.3 20.0 10.1 32.3

Allendale Township 13,042 22.3 39.3 23.2 10.5 4.7 21.3 Blendon Township 5,721 33.1 11.8 29.1 20.4 5.7 30.8 Chester Township 2,315 30.9 7.9 31.1 18.5 11.6 34.6

Crockery Township 3,782 27.6 7.1 31.5 23.8 9.9 36.9 Georgetown Township 41,658 29.4 10.9 27.5 21.6 10.6 33.8

Grand Haven Township 13,278 30.4 6.6 29.8 25.0 8.2 36.0

Holland Township 28,911 31.3 10.4 34.4 16.8 7.1 29.3

Jamestown Charter Township 5,062 34.9 8.9 28.4 21.9 5.9 31.2

Olive Township 4,691 33.2 10.9 34.1 16.5 5.3 28.9 Park Township 17,569 30.9 6.4 30.4 24.6 7.7 35.4

Polkton Township 2,335 28.8 7.8 27.7 25.1 10.7 36.8

Port Sheldon Township 4,503 29.5 7.6 30.0 25.0 7.9 35.8

Robinson Township 5,588 31.0 7.2 36.3 20.1 5.4 33.2

Spring Lake Township 13,140 25.3 7.0 28.6 24.4 14.6 38.1

Tallmadge Township 6,881 29.6 8.4 28.5 24.3 9.2 35.9 Wright Township 3,286 29.3 8.0 28.5 22.4 11.8 35.6

Zeeland Charter Township 7,613 34.2 8.2 31.5 18.9 7.2 30.7

Coopersville City 3,910 30.2 10.9 30.5 18.3 10.1 31.4 Ferrysburg City 3,040 22.7 7.3 26.6 29.1 14.2 40.5

Grand Haven City 11,168 20.1 9.2 27.6 23.4 19.6 40.0 Holland City 27,846 26.0 19.5 27.9 15.0 11.6 27.9

Hudsonville City 7,160 30.8 9.5 28.2 16.6 14.9 32.3 Spring Lake Village 2,514 20.7 5.2 25.7 21.9 26.5 44.0

Zeeland City 5,805 26.2 8.0 26.5 16.1 23.3 37.4 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Data from the 2000 U.S. Census shows that, at the time, the age makeup of Ottawa County did not differ greatly from that of the State overall. Table 3.9 compares the County's age distribution to that of the State. Table 3.9 - Ottawa County Age Distribution

Ottawa County Age Number Percent Michigan Percent

Under 5 18,242 7.7 6.8

5-9 19,257 8.1 7.5 10-14 19,653 8.2 7.5 15-19 20,709 8.7 7.2 20-24 18,854 7.9 6.5 25-34 31,828 13.4 13.7 35-44 38,006 15.9 16.1 45-54 29,795 12.5 13.8 55-59 10,219 4.3 4.9 60-64 76,39 3.2 3.8 65-74 12,240 5.1 6.5 75-84 8,535 3.6 4.4 85+ 3,337 1.4 1.4

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Race/Ethnic Group Distribution Table 3.10 shows that the great majority of the population in Ottawa County is white (98.5%). The percentage of whites in Ottawa County is much higher than the State of Michigan which has a less homogenous population. In fact the percentage of whites in Ottawa County increased by 2.7% since 1990 while the percentage statewide reduced by 3.3%. There is, however, a considerable seasonal increase in the population in the area, due to the influx of migrant workers who come to the area to assist in the agricultural harvest.

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Table 3.10 - Racial Distribution

Ottawa County Race Number Percent Michigan Percent

White 218,105 98.5 80.2

African American 2,497 1 14.2 American Indian and

Alaska Native 851 0.4 0.6 Asian 4,991 2.1 1.8

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 45 0 0

Other 8,295 3.5 1.3 Two or More Races 3,530 1.5 1.9

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Physical Disabilities Population Ensuring that recreational facilities are accessible to persons of all levels of physical ability is an important goal. Data concerning the number of persons with physical disabilities is an important consideration for programming facility needs. Table 3.11 indicates Ottawa County has slightly lower population levels of physically disabled people than the State of Michigan as a whole. These numbers should not underestimate the importance of making recreational facilities accessible to persons with mobility limitations. Care should be taken in the design of all facilities to ensure they meet the needs of such persons. Table 3.11 - Physical Disabilities

Persons 21 to 64 years

Persons 5 to 20 years with a

disability With a disability Without a disability

Persons 65+ with a disability

Ottawa County 4,228 16,202 115,357 8,561

Ottawa County Percent 6.6 12.3 87.7 37.9

Michigan Percent 8.5 18.1 81.9 42.3

Source: US Census Bureau, 2000

COUNTY DESCRIPTION


Gender Population Most communities have a higher proportion of females due to their higher life expectancy. The 2000 U.S. Census indicates Ottawa County’s population is composed of 49.2% male and 50.8% female. This compares to the State of Michigan population which is composed of 49% male and 51% female. Household Distribution Household distribution can influence a community's recreation needs since the distribution often identifies unique community traits. Ottawa County has several household characteristics that may influence the recreation programming and planning. Table 3.12 shows the County has a higher proportion of family households (70.5 percent) than Michigan (68 percent). Within the overall category of family households, the County has a higher percentage of married couple families than the State, a lower proportion of female households with no spouse and a lower percentage of male householders with no spouse. Since Ottawa County has a higher proportion of family households, it follows that it has a lower proportion of non-family households. The County has a lower proportion of one-person households (19.6 percent) and a low proportion of householders 65 and over living alone. This information identifies the need to focus attention on family households (while not forgetting non-family households) by providing programs and facilities designed to serve families with children. Table 3.12 - Household Distribution

Family Households Nonfamily Households

Total House-holds Total

Married Couple Family

Female House-holder with no

spouse

Male House-holder with no

spouse Total

House-holder Living Alone

House-holder 65 & Over

Living Alone

Persons in

House-hold

Ottawa County 81,662 61,360 52,744 6,119 2,497 20,302 15,989 6,032 2.7

% 100 75.1 64.6 7.5 3.1 24.9 19.6 7.4 -- Region 8 399,178 281,521 255,701 40,722 15,098 117,567 93,384 32,034 3

% 100.0 70.5 56.5 10.2 3.8 29.5 23.4 8.0 -- MI % 100.0 68.0 51.4 12.5 4.1 32.0 26.2 9.4 2.6

Source: Michigan Department of Career Development, Labor Market Information

RECREATION INVENTORY


Recreation opportunities in Ottawa County are extensive and varied in character. The State operates three state parks along Lake Michigan which provide camping, swimming, nature interpretation and related activities. The County operates 13 improved parks and seven unimproved parks, which take advantage of the diverse natural features of the area and provide opportunities for swimming, picnicking, hiking, interpretive programs, cross-country skiing and more. The various townships, cities and villages within the County further bolster the recreation opportunities with approximately 128 smaller neighborhood and community oriented parks including several large regional facilities. The local private sector provides recreation opportunities as well including marinas, campgrounds and golf courses. The purpose of this section is to identify what recreation facilities and services are currently provided throughout Ottawa County to establish a basis for evaluating needs. The following recreation inventory review has been divided into two sections. The first section presents a classification of park and recreation areas which can be applied to all communities and municipalities. The second section reviews the various providers of recreation programs and facilities specific to Ottawa County including both public and private providers. Included is a review of the particular resources and facilities offered by each recreation provider. A complete listing of park and recreation areas offered by all levels of government is included along with a summary of the facilities available. CLASSIFICATION OF PARK AND RECREATION AREAS Park and recreation services are most effective when provided through a system in which governmental agencies at all levels as well as the private sector combine to provide a variety of facilities and services. Planning for recreation services must therefore consider the roles and the inter-relationships between each provider in the system. Park and recreation areas are classified to reflect the scope of facilities offered and the approximate service area of each park. Below is a review of this classification system. a) Sub-neighborhood - This category includes tot-lots, mini-parks, playfields and other small recreation areas (usually less than five acres), located within and serving high-density residential areas. Provision of these areas is considered the responsibility of the city, village, township government or school district. b) Neighborhood - Neighborhood parks are generally designed as "walk to" parks of approximately five acres and larger serving the neighborhood unit. Typical facilities include play apparatus, multi-purpose courts, field games area, etc. Neighborhood parks are often planned in conjunction with elementary schools because of the similarity in the service areas of

CHAPTER FOUR: RECREATION INVENTORY



both facilities. This type of park is normally provided by the city, village, township government or school district. c) Community - Community parks are located to serve a group of neighborhoods and be accessible by either bicycle or automobile. Acreage varies from 5-50 acres and the park usually includes a much broader range of facilities than what is normally provided at the neighborhood level. Typical facilities might include playfields, ball diamonds, tennis courts, swimming, ice-skating, a community building, or a wide range of other facilities. As with neighborhood parks, programs, and facilities should be adapted to the particular needs of the community being served. Community parks are the responsibility of city, village or township governments. d) Area wide and Regional – Area wide and regional scale parks differ primarily in the size of their service areas, with area wide parks serving a radius of 10-20 miles as opposed to an approximate service area of 20-40 miles for regional scale parks. Parks in these classifications are usually large (100-500+ acres) and are located to take advantage of unique land and/or water resources. Park development emphasizes preservation of the natural environment and typical facilities might include picnic areas, swimming and boating facilities, camping areas, nature interpretation facilities, winter sports areas and a wide variety of other facilities. Responsibility for parks of this scale generally lies with the County or specially created park districts. e) State/National - State and National Parks and Recreation Areas are most often located where outstanding natural resources of state or national significance exist. Development is designed to facilitate primarily passive recreational uses geared to utilize the natural features of the site. In addition to park and recreation areas, the state and federal government also maintain forests, wildlife areas, public access sites and other special-use areas which serve a wide range of public recreation uses. In addition to the five principal categories of park and recreation areas outlined above, two additional categories are included to round-out the total recreation system. These categories include facilities that are not necessarily an integral portion of the five major categories but can play an important role in the total recreation delivery system. They are: f) Greenway Corridor - Greenway corridors often provide trail systems, e.g., foot, bridle, bicycle, canoe, and may maintain, protect or preserve existing lineal, natural and cultural features such as water courses (rivers, streams, shorelines), abandoned transportation rights-of-way (railroad and highway), utility rights-of-way and scenic drives. The greenway corridor can function as an entity in itself or more ideally as a connecting link to one or more of the five categories listed above. The major recreational use of greenway corridors is typically oriented towards various trail systems; however, other supporting activities can be included at strategic points along the corridor, e.g., picnicking, camping, etc. Greenway corridors may be provided by individual or combined efforts of governmental units at all levels. g) Special Use Facility - The special use facility classification is provided to accommodate separate facilities not included in the categories listed above. The development program of such a facility will many times include only a single activity, although it may accommodate several separate closely related activities. Among the more common special use areas are golf courses,



sports centers, zoos, group camps, swimming and racket clubs, off-road vehicle areas, horseback riding stables and others. RECREATION PROVIDERS Federal Government The federal government does not actively manage any recreational lands within Ottawa County. It does, however, operate a regional Coast Guard facility in Grand Haven on the Grand River's south side and a Coast Guard substation in Holland. State Government The State of Michigan owns and operates a number of recreation facilities throughout the County. It is primarily through the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) that these facilities are managed. The exception is three rest areas along state roadways in the County which are managed by the Michigan Department of Transportation. The State Department of Natural Resources owns and operates three parks, two game areas and numerous boat launches in Ottawa County. Administered by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, all three state parks are located along the Lake Michigan shoreline. The State also owns a large undeveloped recreation area on the Grand River and the Musketawa Trail, a linear trail park located in the northeast section of the County. Though its entrance is in Muskegon County, the southernmost portion of P.J. Hoffmaster State Park is located in the far northwest corner of Spring Lake Township. The total park consists of 1,100 acres devoted to modern camping facilities - including 293 sites, the Gillette Visitor Center (a sand dune interpretive center), picnic areas, playgrounds, swimming and beach house, hiking, and cross-country skiing. Grand Haven State Park, located several miles south of P.J. Hoffmaster State Park at the mouth of the Grand River, is comprised of 48 acres devoted to modern camping facilities including 174 sites, picnic areas, playgrounds, fishing, swimming beach and related facilities. This park is ranked second in the state for total attendance due to its high quality swimming beach. Holland State Park, located in the far southwest corner of the County in Park Township, consists of 142 acres, and provides facilities similar to those of Grand Haven State Park. Also a beach attraction, Holland State Park is ranked first in visitor attendance of all the state parks in Michigan. In addition, the State manages 1,665 acres in Robinson and Allendale Township in central Ottawa County for future development as a State Recreational Area. 550 acres was added to the 1,115 acre Bass River Recreation Area in 2002. This purchase includes expansive riverine wetlands, floodplain forest, bayous and approximately 2.25 total miles of frontage on the Grand and Bass Rivers. With over three miles of Grand River frontage, this site can be expected to provide significant recreation opportunities in the future - although a master plan identifying



specific park plans has not yet been developed. Currently the site is used primarily for mountain biking, horseback riding and hunting. The Grand Haven State Game Area, with 1,139 acres in Robinson and Crockery Townships, provides opportunities for waterfowl hunting, fishing, and wildlife observation. The Ottawa Mini-Game Areas consists of five separate properties totaling 396 acres in Blendon and Olive Townships. These properties were purchased with hunters funds to help bolster pheasant populations. The MDNR operates eight public boat launch facilities located throughout the County. These launches are all constructed of concrete and all have restroom facilities. Four are located on bayous along the western half of the Grand River; two are on the Grand River itself, one on Lake Macatawa and one on Pigeon Lake providing access to Lake Michigan. The Musketawa Trail, which runs from Marne to Muskegon is a linear park developed on an abandoned rail line. The 12 mile paved section that runs from Marne to Conklin and to the west county line is managed by the Ottawa County Parks and Recreation Commission under an agreement approved in 2002. The basis for Ottawa County's involvement in operation of the east half of the trail stems from a commitment made in 1991 whereby the County agreed to operate the trail if the state would acquire and develop the trail corridor. The remaining 16 mile paved section that between Ravenna and the outskirts of Muskegon is currently managed though the West Shore Snowmobile Council under a grant from the MDNR. The Musketawa Trail is a barrier free trail that features opportunities for walking, running, hiking, snowmobiling, hiking, cross country skiing, horseback riding, rollerblading and nature observation. County Government Ottawa County, through the Parks and Recreation Commission, owns and operates thirteen developed parks comprising 1,191 acres (see locations in Figure 4.1 on page 38). Ottawa County's parks, as might be expected, have a strong natural resource orientation. Four parks are located on Lake Michigan, three are on the Grand River, two are located on the Pigeon River and another is situated on Crockery Lake. In addition to water frontage, many of the parks feature mature forests, dune formations, wetlands, high quality native plants and other natural resource features. In addition to its parks, Ottawa County also owns and manages several large open space lands for conservation and recreation purposes. The 1989 County Parks Plan noted Ottawa County's unique situation in that it owned 2,000 acres of undeveloped land - much of it having been acquired as tax reverted land in the 1930's. Based upon the Plan's recommendations, the properties were formally reviewed by the County as to their public value. Some of the smaller properties with less unique natural features were recommended for sale (total 324 acres) with the proceeds used to establish funds for land acquisition and park development. A total of 1,184 acres were dedicated as Open Space and put under management of the Parks Commission. Since then, 464 additional acres of open space land has been added. There are 13 separate Open Space properties currently managed by Ottawa County Parks.

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OTTAWA COUNTY

PARKS, RECREATION and OPEN SPACE PLAN - 2006

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HOFFMASTERSTATE PARK

NORTH BEACH PARK

GRAND HAVEN STATE PARK

ROSY MOUNDNATURAL AREA

DEER CREEK PARK

RIVERSIDE PARK

BASS RIVER STATERECREATION AREA

GRAND RIVER PARK

GRAND VALLEYSTATE UNIVERSITY

HAGER PARK

PIGEON CREEK PARK

HEMLOCK CROSSING PARK

SPRING GROVE PARK

KIRK PARK

TUNNEL PARK

GRAND HAVENSTATE GAME AREA

PINE BEND PARK

PARK 12

HOLLAND STATE PARK

UPPER MACATAWACONSERVATION AREA

CROCKERY CREEK PROPERTY

COMMUNITY HAVEN PROPERTY

CONNOR BAYOU PROPERTY

HIAWATHA FOREST

PORT SHELDONNATURAL AREA

VANBUREN STREET DUNES

PIGEON CREEK FOREST

ROBINSON FORESTJOHNSON STREETWILDLIFE AREA

WEST UPPERMACATAWA SITE

TIMMER FARM PROPERTY

RIPPS BAYOU

EASTMANVILLE BAYOU

AMAN PARK

HOFMA PARK

MARNE BOG

PORT SHELDON TOWNSHIPLAKE MICHIGAN SITE

PROPOSED US-31 BY-PASS

WEST EASTMANVILLE BAYOU PROPERTY

JUBB BAYOU

NORTH OTTAWA DUNES

MUSKETAWA TRAIL

GROSE PARK


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County Park Property

County Open Space Property

County Owned Non-Park Property

Township or City Property

State or Federal Property

Macatawa Greenway Partnership

Contributing Greenway Partner Property

Miscellaneous Recreation Property

Grand Valley State University

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According to the Ottawa County Open Space Management Plan, adopted by the Board of Commissioners in 1992, Open Space lands are to be maintained in their natural state for future generations except "when their development for expansion of County facilities is considered to be in the County's best interest." The plan listed the following management goals for Open Space lands: • Promote the natural character and diversity of each site. • Allow and promote safe, non-intensive recreational uses with an emphasis primarily on activities that require minimal facility development and have limited impact on the natural

character of the land. • Manage timber for recreation, wildlife, and aesthetic purposes as opposed to maximum timber yield. • Enhance wildlife habitat through conservation measures where feasible. Following is a brief description of each property divided according to that property’s location within the county greenway system. These greenway corridors were identified in previous plans as having a high priority. Several other properties not located within these greenways are also included. All of these properties are organized in terms of their status as improved county parks, unimproved county parks, or county open space land. Finally, it should be noted that many of these properties were purchased or improved with state and federal grant funds (Appendix O). COASTAL GREENWAY Improved County Parks North Beach Park - Located in the City of Ferrysburg, this 20-acre facility includes 745 feet of Lake Michigan frontage and a large natural dune formation. The park is most popular for its large sand beach and swimming area. Facilities include parking for 187 cars (including six barrier free spaces), a large picnic shelter, play area, volleyball court, restrooms, vending machine concession, a dune climb stairway with viewing deck, and a seasonal boardwalk for barrier free access to the beach and Lake Michigan. Studies were conducted in 2004 to determine best management practices to control the migration of the dune. The park is open year around and vehicle parking fees are in effect between Memorial Day weekend and Labor Day weekend. Rosy Mound Natural Area – Rosy Mound is a classic Great Lakes dune system including high wooded dunes, fore dunes, a dune blowout, and 0.65 miles of shoreline. In 2004 a Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund grant made possible the implementation of the Master Plan that was completed in 1991. The $1,011,750 construction project included development of a 0.7 mile hiking trail from the new parking area to the Lake Michigan shoreline including 1,000 feet of stairs up and down the dune and scenic views of the woods, dunes and Lake Michigan. The latest government accessibility guidelines for outdoor recreation areas were used to make the park as barrier free as possible. A unique shade canopy, dune boardwalk trail and restrooms are located near the beach. A parking lot, restroom building and picnic facilities were constructed on the east side of the dune as well as a crushed stone looped trail installed through the woods and open dune area. A connection was made to the Lakeshore Drive bike path by a paved path extension through the park. Motor vehicle parking fees are in effect from Memorial Day



weekend through Labor Day. There are 164 acres of land at Rosy Mound and it is open year around. Kirk Park - Located on Lake Michigan in Grand Haven Township, this 68-acre park features rugged, forested dunes and 1,850 feet of sand beach. Facilities include extensive picnic areas with a large picnic shelter and a park lodge used as a picnic building. The lodge is also used for overnight outings in the off-season. Over two miles of well-marked trails include many boardwalks and viewing decks overlooking Lake Michigan. Hard surface walkways lead to interpretive displays at the waterfront and stairs to the beach. Other facilities include a modern restroom building with an attached concession, vending machine enclosure, two playgrounds, and parking for 314 vehicles. Motor vehicle parking fees are in effect Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend Tunnel Park - Named after its unique tunnel through the dune providing beach access, Tunnel Park is located in Park Township approximately two miles north of the Holland piers. Five of the park's 22.5 acres are leased from the City of Holland including approximately 200 feet of the total 950 feet of Lake Michigan frontage. With parking capacity (including overflow) at over 400, Tunnel Park has the most parking capacity of any County Park and is typically the busiest park during prime beach season. Facilities include four sand volleyball courts, extensive picnic areas including two covered shelters, modern restrooms, a large playground with an adjacent dune climb, and a dune top viewing area. Vehicle parking fees are required between Memorial Day weekend and Labor Day weekend and the park is closed between November 1 and March 31. Unimproved County Parks North Ottawa Dunes –This 500-acre parcel acquired in December 2005 includes extensive undeveloped dunes and forestlands, and although it does not have frontage on Lake Michigan, it does provide views of the lake and an experience of the unique Lake Michigan shoreline environment. In addition to its outstanding natural features, this property provides an exceptional opportunity to connect existing publicly owned recreational property. It connects Hoffmaster State Park on the north, the City of Ferrysburg’s Coast Guard Park on the southeast, and the existing North Beach County Park on the southwest. Park 12 Properties –The property features 700 feet of Lake Michigan shoreline, Mount Pisgah, (a large migrating dune), and approximately one half mile of Lake Macatawa shoreline. The park consists of 12 separate parcels of land near Holland State Park that total 58 acres. Ownership interests in these properties has long been disputed between Ottawa County and members of the West Michigan Park Association (WMPA) who own cottages amongst the park parcels, resulting in disagreement regarding public use of the parcels. Upon a court ruling of Parks Commission ownership and after a series of public meetings and planning meetings involving Park staff, a committee of WMPA members and other local residents, a preliminary master plan for the properties was developed and adopted by the Parks Commission in 2003. The plan includes improved pedestrian circulation with pathways on both sides of Ottawa Beach Road and along the edge of Lake Macatawa, fishing and viewing decks, a re-alignment of Black



Lake Avenue, short term parking, and interpretive displays. Also included in the plan are improvements to the historic pump house as a museum, parking near the base of Mount Pisgah and wooden stairs leading to overlook decks at the top of Mount Pisgah. Stabilization of Mount Pisgah is an important component of the master plan. Port Sheldon Lake Michigan Property – Purchased in 2001, this is 6.68 acres of land on Lake Michigan in Port Sheldon Township with 200 feet of shoreline. A very high, steep dune is the dominant natural feature of the property along with the Lake Michigan beach. The dune is a classic beech–maple–hemlock dune with mature woods. Although not easily accessible, the dune ridge offers great views of Lake Michigan and the surrounding woods. An interesting note about the property is that it was a filming location for the movie “The Road to Perdition” starring Tom Hanks. The County has had communication with the owners of the property to the south for possible acquisition that would expand the property by almost 12 acres, including an additional 440 feet of shoreline. GRAND RIVER GREENWAY In addition to three improved county parks, six different properties comprising 1132 acres with approximately 21,900 feet of river frontage have been purchased, donated, or otherwise acquired within the Grand River Greenway corridor since the millage was passed in 1996. Some were purchased with help from Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund grants. The one common element these properties share is they all have a direct or planned connection to the Grand River. These properties are currently managed as unimproved County Parks or Open Space. Improved County Parks Riverside Park - This 64-acre park is located in Robinson Township on the Grand River with approximately 4,350 feet of waterfront. Much of the park is in a natural state with large wetlands paralleling the Grand River. Facilities include a large boat launch with four concrete ramps and two docks. Boat launch parking includes 44 car/trailer spaces plus 14 single car spaces including one barrier free space. Additional parking for 80 cars is located near a waterfront picnic shelter east of the boat launch. The park also features pit toilets and barrier free fishing. There are no entrance fees to the park however there is a self-serve boat launch fee. The park is open year around but is not plowed during the winter. Deer Creek Park - The smallest of Ottawa County's parks, two-acre Deer Creek Park is located at the mouth of the Deer Creek on the Grand River in Polkton Township. Facilities include a small hard surface boat launch with car/trailer parking for eight, car-only parking for six vehicles, plus picnic areas and pit toilets. There are no entrance fees and the park is open year around. The park is not plowed in the winter. Grand River Park - Acquired in 1999 from Georgetown Township, this 162-acre park features wooded hills, floodplain forest, wetlands, a small man-made lake and approximately one half mile of frontage on the Grand River. The park offers opportunities for hiking, mountain biking and skiing on the nature trails as well as fishing from a wooden dock/boardwalk or from the shore of the lake and the Grand River. The park also features a boat launch at the Grand River,



overlook decks, a fully enclosed picnic building and a barrier free children's playground. There are no entrance or boat launch fees and the park is open year around. In 1999 Ottawa County Parks and Recreation received a Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program (WHIP) grant from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to restore approximately 22 acres of existing farmland to native grassland. Unimproved County Parks Community Haven – The site of the former County Farm, located in Polkton Township, this 229-acre property is bisected by Leonard Road with 29 acres of rolling grassland on the south side with forested riverfront. The acreage north of Leonard includes approximately 30 acres of relatively flat ground where the farm and housing facilities used to be. North of that is approximately 50 acres of rolling terrain with a stream channel. Beyond that is relatively flat pasture land bordered on the east and west by forested ravines. A preliminary conceptual plan was completed in the spring of 2004 and the property was designated for future park use by the County Board of Commissioners. Currently, the majority of the property is under lease as pasture land. Connor Bayou Property – The Parks and Recreation Commission purchased 0.5 mile of Grand River riverfront in Robinson Township in March 2003. It contains 47 acres of floodplain with extensive wetlands and a portion of the Connor Bayou. The Commission also acquired an adjacent riverfront property with a grant from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund to assist with its purchase. This adjacent land includes 95 acres of high quality natural land with 0.36 mile of river frontage as well as a portion of the Connor Bayou and adjoining wetlands. The majority of the site is high ground with a fairly mature deciduous-coniferous upland forest. Views from the site are outstanding and encompass the river, Connor Bayou and associated wetlands plus an expansive marsh located immediately across the river owned by the Spoonville Gun Club. Together, these two acquisitions provide a 142-acre park with nearly a mile of river frontage and a wide diversity of natural communities. Preliminary plans for the site call for a variety of resource based recreation opportunities including hiking, cross county skiing, fishing, picnicking, canoe/kayak access, wildlife viewing, camping - both family and group, plus a paved pathway for non-motorized uses. Crockery Creek Property - Located in Crockery Township and bounded on the south by the Grand River and on the west by Crockery Creek, this large undeveloped park is 306 acres with a diverse mix of wet meadows and buttonbush swamp, floodplain forest, mixed deciduous and coniferous woods. A wide diversity of natural communities provides habitat for a variety of flora and fauna. The site also supports fallow farm property and an occupied farm house. There is nearly two miles of Crockery Creek frontage and approximately ½ mile of frontage on the Grand River.



Future plans are to develop a master plan for the site with recreational uses including trails, wildlife viewing, and canoe and kayak access to Crockery Creek and picnicking. The Parks Commission began issuing a limited number of special permits for bow hunting deer on the property in 2003. The permits are issued on a lottery basis each fall. Open Space Lands Eastmanville Bayou Site – Located on the south side of the Grand River immediately east of 68th Avenue, this 80-acre site has the Eastmanville Bayou as part of its southern border and includes approximately one mile of river frontage. The property is heavily wooded floodplain forest and supports a variety of native flora and fauna including excellent displays of Virginia Bluebells. There is no development on the property. West Eastmanville Bayou – Located ½ mile west of 68th Avenue on the south side of the Grand River, 49 acres of floodplain was purchased by the Parks Commission in 2004. The Eastmanville Bayou bisects the property and the previous owner had dredged a channel from the Bayou to the Grand River which has filled in over time. Ripps Bayou Site – East of Deer Creek Park in Polkton Township is a 161-acre undeveloped property with approximately one mile of river frontage. It is floodplain forest and encompasses the majority of the Ripps Bayou. The only public access to the bayou is via portage from the Grand River and only non-motorized water craft are permitted on the bayou. PIGEON RIVER GREENWAY Nine properties comprising 247 acres with approximately 8,000 feet of river frontage have been acquired within the Pigeon River Greenway corridor since the millage was passed in 1996. Several of these properties were funded with assistance from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund. These properties have been developed and are now known as Hemlock Crossing/Pine Bend County Park and comprise some of the most natural and pristine lands within the county park system. Improved County Parks Hemlock Crossing/Pine Bend – This park opened in 2003 and offers 247 acres of woods and wetlands along the Pigeon River. There are over 6 miles of trails for hiking and cross country skiing that meander through bottomland and upland forest, old pine plantations and along the river. A pedestrian bridge and numerous overlooks offer scenic views of the river corridor, wetlands, natural springs and woods. Facilities include two small picnic shelters, a kayak/canoe launch and over a mile of paved trail. Pine Bend is a secondary access on the west end of the property that offers parking and a trail head. There are no entrance fees at Hemlock Crossing or Pine Bend and both are open year around. Pigeon Creek Park - At 282 acres (plus another 130 acres of adjacent County open space land), Pigeon Creek Park is the largest improved County park. The majority of the park is heavily



wooded with a diversity of habitat types including upland deciduous forest, pine plantations, floodplain forest, and wetlands. Facilities at the park include the Pigeon Creek Lodge, group camp area, sledding hills, picnic areas and over ten miles of trails used for hiking, biking, cross-country skiing and equestrian use. There are three miles of cross country trails that are lighted for evening skiing. There is approximately a one mile trail loop that generally meets barrier free standards. During the winter the lodge offers ski rental and concessions. The lodge functions as a picnic building which can be reserved in the non-winter months. There are no entrance fees and the park is open year ‘round. MACATAWA RIVER GREENWAY Nine properties comprising 559 acres have been purchased on the Macatawa River. Total river frontage is approximately 2.7 miles. Most of this land comprises the Upper Macatawa Conservation Area and is being removed from agricultural use and developed as park and open space land. The site consists of river floodplain, a large system of upland woods and ravines as well as open upland spaces. The Parks Commission is working with many partners, including the Macatawa Greenway Partnership to undertake large scale wetland restoration on the site as is referenced in the Unimproved Parks section of the Plan. Unimproved County Parks Macatawa River Site - In 1999, Ottawa County Parks received a FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) Hazard Mitigation Grant to purchase and remove flood prone structures in the floodplain of the Macatawa River. With the assistance of the grant funds, Ottawa County purchased ten acres including two houses in Holland Township and removed them in 2002. The two adjacent sites where the houses were located are covered with mature trees and floodplain forest. There is approximately 1,200 feet of frontage on the river and the location is a very popular fishing spot. The County had the property surveyed in 2004 in preparation for master planning a small park that will provide hiking and picnicking. It will also serve as a staging location for canoes and kayaks. The Zeeland Township non-motorized pathway runs past the property on Adams Street. The Upper Macatawa Conservation Area – This 549-acre site is located on the upper reaches of the Macatawa River in Zeeland Township. The acquisition of the 325-acre Geerlings farm occurred in 2003 and includes farmed and rolling uplands, a wide swath of deep wooded ravines with an elevation change of 77 feet, and floodplain property that was drained and used for agricultural production. The Macatawa River runs through the floodplain with approximately 2.5 miles of frontage. A feasibility study was conducted in 2003 which indicated that restoration of a system of wetlands would create a variety of wildlife habitat and contribute significantly to improving water quality and flood storage on the site. The first phase of the restoration was completed in 2004 and the park currently consists of a variety of restored wetlands, associated grasslands and



an extensive system of deep wooded ravines that support native vegetation and a variety of wildlife. The Michigan Department of Transportation has plans to construct a 26 acre wetland complex on the southern portion of the site in 2005 and Ottawa County is planning the second phase of the restoration to be completed in 2006. Other planned improvements include system of trails, boardwalks, overlooks, interpretive displays, a native grass and wildflower planting, and swimming and fishing at a lake to be developed on property presently owned by the Road Commission. A paved trail is planned through the upper portion of the site as part of the Macatawa Greenway Trail intended to link to Holland. It will meander through the native grassland and the existing upland forest. Master planning for these items is to be completed in early 2006. The Parks Commission began issuing a limited number of special permits for bow hunting deer on the property in 2004. The permits are issued on a lottery basis each fall. GENERAL PARKS, OPEN SPACE LANDS AND TRAILS Improved County Parks Grose Park – Overlooking the north side of Crockery Lake in Chester Township, this recently renovated 40-acre park provides facilities for the entire family including a fishing deck, small swimming beach, two picnic shelters, sand volleyball courts, a children’s playground, horseshoe pits and hiking trails. There are no entry fees and the park is closed between November 1 and March 31. Hager Park - One of the largest and most popular of the County's parks, the 104-acre Hager Park in Georgetown Township features a wide variety of recreation opportunities. The park's Visitor Center offers exhibits, restrooms and a multi-purpose room available for group rentals. Numerous picnic facilities exist in the park including a picnic shelter, and picnic building. The huge Age of Discovery community-built playground is a major attraction for families. The unique play area incorporates a terrain map of the United States exhibiting state boundaries, major water bodies and mountain ranges. A former arboretum covers approximately 40 acres and displays a large variety of trees and shrubs. A system of park trails winds throughout the arboretum and into the park's old growth beech/maple forest. Hager Park received a several upgrades in 2004. A restroom, plaza area with concessions and picnic tables and a small shelter were constructed near the Age of Discovery play area. Additional parking, including barrier free spaces was included. Additional parking and circulation was installed at the Visitor center with plans to renovate the display side of the building as an additional reservable facility. A paved path was developed to provide barrier free and bicycle circulation through the park, connecting the park to the neighborhoods on the



northeast and southeast sides. Two pre-manufactured barrier free pedestrian bridges were also installed. In addition to the park facilities being improved in 2004, Hager Creek itself was restored utilizing a Clean Michigan Initiative grant. Best Management Practices (BMPs) including rock riffles, new diversion structures and stream bioengineering were established to repair past erosion damage and prevent future damage. There are no park fees and the park is open year around. The Musketawa Trail – In 1998, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources Forestry Management Division began improvements on a 12-mile segment of the abandoned rail line between Marne and the outskirts of Muskegon as a recreation corridor or linear park. This trail is called the "Musketawa Trail". Another 14 miles in Muskegon County was also improved for a total of 26 miles. Ottawa County Parks and Recreation Commission currently manages the trail from Marne to Ravenna and the West Shore Snowmobile Council manages the remaining trail. This multi-use trail is barrier free and used by several groups such as bikers, horseback riders, rollerbladers, cross country skiers, hikers and even snowmobilers when the snow conditions are favorable. Currently Ottawa County has trailheads in Wright and Chester Townships. Fundraising efforts were begun by the West Michigan Trails/Greenways Coalition in 2004 for a number of trail projects including plans to extend the Musketawa trail east to connect to the White Pine Trail and southeast, connecting it to the Walker Highland Trail, ultimately creating a link to Millennium Park in Kent County. Spring Grove Park - Located in Jamestown Township southeast of Hudsonville, this 16-acre park features towering beech and maple trees and a flowing artesian spring. The most popular activity is picnicking and a unique rustic picnic building is available to rent. Limited playground equipment is provided as well as a ball field, fire pit, and horseshoes. Improvements completed in the spring of 2001 provide barrier free access to the lower spring area, renovation to the stone work at the spring, naturalized landscaping along the hill and creek side, new bridges and stairs, and also a trellis covered gathering spot which can be used for weddings and other activities. There are no entrance fees and the park is open all year. Open Space Lands Hiawatha Forest - Second largest of the Open Space Lands, this 365-acre site is located in Sections 33 and 34 of Grand Haven Township just east of Kirk Park. An undeveloped road/trail easement connects the property with Kirk Park. The site is flat and heavily forested with both hardwood stands and red pine plantations. A very limited, unmarked trail system exists. The Park Operations Center for Ottawa County Parks occupies approximately two acres on the southwest corner of this site on Fillmore near the intersection with 168th Avenue.



Johnson Street Wildlife Management Area - This 50-acre site is located in Section 4 of Robinson Township. Vegetation consists of mixed hardwoods. Forest management for wildlife has been a priority in the past. No development exists. Marne Bog – This 40-acre parcel was donated to the County in 2004. Located in Wright Township, it is home to a portion of the 25-acre Marne Bog, which was determined to be notably significant in the 1988 Natural Features Inventory of Ottawa County. Pigeon Creek Forest - This site consists of approximately 130 acres north of and adjacent to Pigeon Creek Park in Olive Township. This site is predominantly flat and covered with red pine plantations, although some hardwood stands are present. The 150 acres adjacent to Pigeon Creek Park have hiking, biking, and equestrian trails, in conjunction with the existing trail system at Pigeon Creek Park. On the corner of 120th Avenue and Fillmore Street is the Ottawa County Fillmore Complex where county offices, including the Parks and Recreation Office, are located. Port Sheldon Natural Area - This large 440-acre site is located in Sections 26 and 27 of Port Sheldon Township. It has gently rolling terrain, a diversity of vegetation, five wildlife ponds and is bisected by Ten Hagen Creek. An extensive but unmarked trail system exists. No parking, restrooms or other facilities exist. Robinson Forest - This relatively flat 80-acre site is located in Section 2 of Robinson Township. A large portion of the site is covered with a 40 to 50 year old red pine plantation with the remainder being a combination of oaks and white pines. The site has been closely monitored by forest researchers at Grand Valley State University and is considered an excellent red pine demonstration area. No development exists except for two-track roads. Timmer Farm Property – This 68-acre site is a formerly farmed property in Georgetown Township. It includes a deep wooded ravine on its northern border. A barn on the site was inspected by a restoration specialist in 2004 to determine its quality and potential for alternative use. There are plans to demolish the existing home and other buildings on the site in 2006. No park facilities currently exist on the property. Unnamed Site – These 8 acres of wet woods are located adjacent to the Musketawa trail in the northwestern corner of Wright Township. There are no park facilities on the site. VanBuren Street Dunes - Located in Section 33 and 34 of Port Sheldon Township, this 120- acre site has the most topographical relief of the Open Space lands. Vegetation consists of red pine plantations with scattered pockets of deciduous forest. No development exists. Significant damage from past and present off-road vehicle use is evident. Other County Lands Another property owned by Ottawa County which has recreation importance is the 300-acre Park Township landfill site. With the exception of the old landfill part of the property (a fenced 40 acre mound), the site consists of attractive rolling woodlands. With permission from Ottawa County, Park Township maintains a system of hiking and cross-country skiing trails which



receive extensive use. Ottawa County, through the Road Commission, currently maintains a large system of purge wells and a water treatment facility to mitigate water quality problems from the former landfill. Plans to cap the well and allow recreational planning for the site were initiated in 2004. TOWNSHIPS AND CITY GOVERNMENTS As federal, state and county governments have traditionally led the way in providing regional recreation facilities based on significant natural resources, local jurisdictions including villages, cities and townships have typically undertaken the provision of more locally oriented recreation facilities such as neighborhood parks, community parks and community centers. Ottawa County exemplifies this scenario as well as any other county in the state. Local townships and city governments provide a wide array of facilities aimed at meeting the more local recreation needs of their respective communities. These facilities generally vary from less than one acre to more than 60, but most are less than 20 acres in size. Some consist of nothing more than a ball field while others are more intensively developed including recreation and community centers. A total of 128 local park facilities were identified in a detailed inventory completed for Ottawa County (Table 4.1 on Page 51). The number of local park facilities and their level of development have increased significantly since 2000. Robinson Township has constructed their previously undeveloped park to include a playground, ball field, restrooms, and nature trails. Georgetown Township has two new facilities, Port Sheldon Sports Complex and an ice arena, which were completed in 2004. Park Township has added a boat launch located on South Shore Drive and Lakeside Park, which includes picnic tables and 30 feet of frontage on Lake Macatawa. Drenthe Grove Park, a 6-acre park managed by Zeeland Township, was developed including picnic tables, a recreation building, restrooms, concessions, a ball field, and other recreational opportunities. The City of Coopersville added a City Sports Complex, which, among other recreational opportunities, includes three ball fields and a lighted soccer field. A 43-acre undeveloped Natural Preserve was acquired by the city of Ferrysburg. The City of Hudsonville developed Hillside Park, a new park in 2001, to include picnic tables, a playground, and volleyball. Although they are the exception, there are a number of local park facilities within Ottawa County that are larger, resource based parks that attract significant users from outside the local community. Because these facilities may affect Ottawa County's plans, a more detailed description of each park is provided below: Mulligan's Hollow, City of Grand Haven In addition to its conventional local park facilities, this 81-acre park features one of the few downhill skiing and snowboarding facilities in the region. The park also features a unique children's playground and natural areas. The Tri Cities YMCA, located adjacent to Mulligan’s Hollow, operates the ski facility and provides some support facilities.



Waterfront Development, City of Grand Haven Though not a typical park, the waterfront of Grand Haven is certainly a primary recreation resource and attracts both residents and tourists. The piers, waterfront walkways, marinas, and associated facilities all act to create an exciting environment where the urban development interfaces with the Grand River and Lake Michigan. Hofma Park, Grand Haven Township Known for its unique floating boardwalk across Pottawattomi Bayou wetlands, Hofma Park is the largest township park in Ottawa County. It provides hiking trails and natural areas as well as more conventional local recreation facilities including ball fields, soccer, and a playground. Aman Park, City of Grand Rapids Though owned by the City of Grand Rapids, this 320-acre park is situated in Tallmadge Township in Ottawa County, on Sand Creek. Attractions at the park include high quality natural areas, hiking trails, cross-county ski trails and a Rotary-operated camp serving children with disabilities. As one of the larger public parks in Ottawa County with high quality natural features, the site has importance as a County-wide recreation attraction. Because the park is owned by a municipality, Ottawa County should monitor the status of the site and be prepared to add the park to the County Park system if the opportunity arises. Maplewood Park/Georgetown Community Park These two popular Georgetown Township parks provide the only swimming beaches in this heavily populated area. They exemplify the excellent recreation potential associated with gravel pit lakes in eastern Ottawa County. Kollen Park, City of Holland This popular 14.5-acre Holland City park, located on Lake Macatawa, is known for its beautiful lake views, picnic areas, band shell, large boat launch, and fishing opportunities. DeGraaf Nature Center, City of Holland Although small in size, the DeGraaf Nature Center is one of the only facilities offering formal instruction in outdoor education in Ottawa County. The 11-acre site includes a stream, pond, nature trails, and an interpretive building. Van Raalte Farm, City of Holland This large 155-acre park contains a century old farmhouse on a hilltop overlooking pastureland and a valley with a stream. The park is known for its three miles of trails, large lighted sledding area, parking areas and picnicking.



Hudsonville Nature Center This 74-acre site contains some of best displays of spring wildflowers in the county. It includes tables for picnicking, hiking trails, and a scenic overlook. Consumers Energy Pigeon Lake North Pier Boardwalk To mitigate for fish kills at the Ludington Pumped Hydroelectric Storage Facility in Ludington, Consumers Energy constructed a wooden boardwalk with overlook decks and fishing platforms along the north shore of Pigeon Lake. The boardwalk is more than ½ mile long and extends from a public parking lot on the Consumers Energy property westward all the way to the north pier of the Pigeon Lake outlet into Lake Michigan. It offers a nice length hike and good fishing access on the lake.

Table 4.1 Continued TOWNSHIP PARK FACILITIES PI

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Park Location and Name Total Acres

Natural Resource (River, Dune, etc.) Comments

ALLENDALE TOWNSHIP Allendale Recreation Park 33 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Total 33 CHESTER TOWNSHIP Chester Park 16.5 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Total 16.5 CROCKERY TOWNSHIP Crockery Twp Rec Facility 20 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Total 20 GEORGETOWN TOWNSHIP Georgetown Com. Park 55 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Tot lot Georgetown Little League 15.4 Y Y Y Georgetown Rec Center 3 Y Soccer Ice Arena Maplewood Park 12 Maplewood Lake Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Tot lot, playground Pioneer Park 7.5 Y Y Y Y Y New playground Port Sheldon Sports Complex

Softball, soccer

Rush Creek Park 40 Rush Creek Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Tot lot


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Soccer Bowl 1 soccer field, sledding Woodcrest Park 13 Y Y Y Y Ice skating, sledding Total 145.9 GRAND HAVEN TOWNSHIP Brucker Street Access 0.2 Lake Michigan Y Buchanan Street Access 0.2 Lake Michigan Y Hofma Park & Preserve 407 Pottawattomie Bayou Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Millhouse Park 0.5 Millhouse Bayou Y Y Y Mercury Drive Park 7 Y Y Y Y Y In-line skate rink Odawa/Battle Point Launch 2.5 Grand River Y Y Permit required Pottawattomie Park 21 Pottawattomie Bayou Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Total 438.4 HOLLAND TOWNSHIP Beechwood Park 6 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Brookwood Park 1 Y Y Y Y Y

Dunton Park 15.7 Lake Macatawa Y Y Y Y Y Y Boardwalks, viewing shelter

Helder Park 20 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Boardwalk Quincy Street Park 40 Y Y Y Y 2 soccer fields Total 82.7


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PARK TOWNSHIP Brookside Bicycle Park Y Boat Launch Y Y South Shore Drive Chief Waukazoo Park 0.5 Y Cooper-VanWieren Park 66 Horseback riding James Street Access 0.2 Y

Keppel Forest Preserve 40 Y Y Y YLog House Rep, Running

Lakeside Park Lake Macatawa Y 30’ on Lake Macatawa Maatman Center 7 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Tot lot North Side Comm. Center 20 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Pine Creek Trail 29 Undeveloped Ransom Park 20 Y Y Y Y Y Y Sports field Riley Street Access 0.2 Y Wendt Fitness Park 17 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Soccer, fitness trail Winstrom Park/Preserve 72 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Soccer fields Total 271.9 PORT SHELDON TOWNSHIP Kouw Park 3.7 Lake Michigan Y Y Y Y Y Port Sheldon Twp Hall Park 40 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Sheldon Landing 6 Pigeon Lake? Y


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Winds Nest 4 Lake Michigan Y Y Y Y Y Consumers Power Property

Zwemer Park 3.2 Lake Michigan Total 56.9 ROBINSON TOWNSHIP Robinson Township Park 46 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Not fully developed Total 46 SPRING LAKE TOWNSHIP Dewitt School Historic Fac. 2 Y Y

Rycenga Park 80 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YBoardwalks, volley-ball, basketball courts

Spring Lake Twp Com. Pk. 0.5 Vacant, in S.L. Village Spring Lake Twp Park 7 Y Y Y Y Undeveloped Total 89.5


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TALLMADGE TOWNSHIP Aman Park (Owned by City of Grand Rapids) 331 Sand Creek Y

Indian Trails Camp (private)

Tallmadge Twp Community 28 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Little League football field

Total 359 ZEELAND TOWNSHIP Drenthe Grove 6 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y VanZoeren’s Woods 34.6 Y Y Total 40.6



SCHOOLS In many areas, school systems serve as the backbone of locally oriented recreation facilities. While rural townships and cities may not have the resources, schools frequently provide neighborhoods with basic recreation opportunities as part of their overriding philosophy of education. Whether it is basketball courts, ball fields or gymnasiums, the schools and their facilities are available to the public at the most basic levels of social structure: the neighborhood. Colleges, universities and similar advanced education institutions also provide recreation facilities which, though often dominated by the respective student population, are nearly always open to the general public to some extent. Hope College in the City of Holland and Grand Valley State University in Allendale Township provide this service. PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS AND COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS As one moves from a smaller to a larger population area, private and commercial recreation providers play an increasingly greater role in the delivery of area-wide recreational facilities. This is due, in large part, to the fact that larger populations are necessary to support many of the private and commercial recreation providers. Commercial providers play a particularly important role in Ottawa County where tourism increases the demand for many types of recreation related business. Private recreation providers in Ottawa County cover a wide spectrum, from bowling alleys to fitness clubs. For purposes of this study, only marinas, campgrounds, and golf courses were inventoried due to their possible impact on County sponsored recreation services. Commercial Campgrounds The following list of campgrounds has changed since 2000 and there has been approximately a 14% increase in the total number of sites offered. Chapel in the Pines has increased by 51 sites, Dutch Treat Camping and Recreation has increased by 43 sites, Oak Grove Campgrounds Resort has increased by 35 sites and Yogi Bear's Jellystone Park has increased by 16 sites. Note that this list includes only commercial campgrounds open to the general public.

Baldwin Oaks 126 sites Camper's Paradise 107 sites Chapel in the Pines 102 sites Conestoga Trailer & Campground 81 sites Drew's Country Camping 86 sites Dutch Treat Camping and Recreation 105 sites North Shore RV Park 29 sites Oak Grove Campgrounds Resort 135 sites River Pines Campground 114 sites Western Michigan Boaters & Campers 30 sites Yogi Bear's Jellystone Park 256 sites TOTAL 1,171 sites



There is a great demand for overnight camping opportunities located on the water, especially Lake Michigan (as evidenced by State Park campgrounds) during the summer months. The lack of available lake front acreage as well as the cost of acquisition is prohibitive to the development of new waterfront camping facilities. As a result, inland campgrounds are developing new attraction to lure in campers who otherwise might seek (or are turned away from) waterfront parks. Campgrounds reported installing new playground equipment, organizing activities for children or families, or offering hymn sings and worship services to attract local and tourist campers. All but one of the facilities has some sort of water resource (e.g., lake, river, pond, or swimming pool). Detailed marina information is found in Appendix B. Marinas Approximately 3,240 boat slips exist in public marinas in Ottawa County (2003 data). The following inventory totaled 1,611 slips on the Grand River, 222 on Spring Lake and its bayous, and 1,407 on Lake Macatawa.

Grand River Number of Slips

Dick's Landing 78Felix's 50Coastal Zone Marina 36Grand Haven Municipal Marina 54Grand Isle Marina 368Riverbank Marina 150Grand Valley Marina II 40Hall's Sport Center 10Grand Harbor Resort & Yacht Club 55Keenan Marine 170North Shore Marina 206River Haven Marina 90Rycenga Marina 53Village Cove Association 53The Wharf Marina 198 Subtotal 1,611Spring Lake Barrett Boat Works 150Herm's Boat Livery 72 Subtotal 222Lake Macatawa Anchorage Marina 189Barney's Marina 22Bayshore/Bay Haven 300Eldean Shipyard & Yacht Sales 280Crescent Shores Marina 125Macatawa Bay Yacht Club 75Parkside Marina 86Yacht Basin Marina 330 Subtotal 1,407 TOTAL 3,240



Marinas are important providers of private recreation facilities in Ottawa County due to the proliferation of water resources found here. For those seeking a boat slip on the Grand River, Spring Lake, or Lake Macatawa, facilities available to them range from no more than a place to tie a boat up to luxury marinas boasting health clubs, swimming pools, restaurants, etc. Turnover of marina ownership or operation appears to be substantially greater than in other recreation facilities (e.g., campgrounds, golf courses, etc.), much of which is attributed to the economy. During an economic downturn, boats may be one of the first personal luxury items to be used less frequently, stored, or even sold because of the expensive nature of their operation, upkeep, and slip rental. Conversely, during prosperous times boat usage may increase phenomenally. Thirteen marinas also offer "in-and-out" service, where boats are stored indoors and launched at the owner's request. In-and-out service expands a facility's boat capacity substantially. The County is experiencing record low water levels, which limits the use of larger boats, and still there was an increase of 1% in slips (17 slips) throughout the County in the last five years. This exemplifies the demand for marinas as a source of recreation in Ottawa County. Some slips like those on the Grand River increased while those on Spring Lake and Lake Macatawa decreased. Detailed marina information is found in Appendix C. Golf Courses Eighteen golf courses are located in Ottawa County (2003 data). This number has not changed since the last survey in 1999 which included two new courses under construction. The following listing identifies the courses and the number of holes at each. Four courses are exclusively for club members (Spring Lake CC, Holland CC, Sunnybrook, and Wuskowhan). All others are public or a combination public/private. There is more detailed information in Appendix D.

Crestview Golf Course, Olive Township 18 holes Evergreen Golf Course, Robinson Township 18 holes Glen Eagle Golf Club, Georgetown Township 18 holes Grand Haven Golf Club, Grand Haven Township 18 holes Holland Country Club, Holland Township 18 holes The Meadows Golf Club at GVSU, Allendale Township 18 holes The Pheasant Run Golf Course, Robinson Township 9 holes Rolling Hills Golf Course, Georgetown Township 18 holes Sand Creek Golf Course, Tallmadge Township 9 holes Spring Lake Country Club, Spring Lake Township 18 holes Summergreen Golf Links, Hudsonville 18 holes Sunnybrook Country Club, Grandville 18 holes Terra Verde Golf Club, Crockery Township 18 holes Wallinwood Springs Golf Club, Georgetown Township 18 holes West Ottawa Golf Club, Port Sheldon Township 27 holes Western Greens Country Club, Tallmadge Township 18 holes Wuskowhan Players Club, West Olive 18 holes Pigeon Creek Golf Course, West Olive 18 holes TOTAL 315 holes



RECREATIONAL PROVIDERS OUTSIDE OF OTTAWA COUNTY It is important to understand the alternatives available to recreational users when planning new facilities. This is particularly true for specialized recreational attractions where users may be willing to travel long distances to reach a high quality facility. Figure 4.2 on page 65 identifies various state and federal recreation areas within the state. Figure 4.3 on page 66 identifies various key recreation areas in the neighboring counties.



(Figure 4.2) Michigan State Parks and Harbors



(Figure 4.3) Neighboring County Recreation Facilities

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