Section Five Fruit

Part One Formation and Character of Fruit

Fruit is a reproductive organs of Angiospermae which come from developed ovary of pistil . It have protecting and spreading function.

Physiological function of fruit

凤仙花 喷瓜 鬼针草

Medicinal value of fruit

桑椹女贞子

甜瓜蒂

陈皮 丝瓜络

True fruit : completely developed ovary False fruit : besides ovary , receptacle , cal

yx , rachis participate in formation of the fruit.

Fruit pericarp exocarp mesocarp endocarp seed

The structure of pome

Part two the type of fruit

According origin , structure and quality of pericarp to sort three types.

1.simple fruit 2.Aggregate fruit 3.Collective fruit or multiple fruit

1.simple fruit Only one pistil developed one fruit in one flo

wer . according different quality of pericarp to sort two types.

①freshy fruit berry drupe pome hesperidium pepo

Ⅰ.berry(1.exocarp2.mesocarp3.endocarp)

Ⅱ.hesperidium(6.vesiclely hair) .drupe .pepo(ovule)Ⅲ Ⅳ

berry——忍冬 drupe——杏 drupe——山茱萸

pome——苹果A 萼裂片　 B 雄蕊　 C 花柱

　 D内果皮　 E 种子 2枚　 F 种皮　 G 子叶 2枚　 H 果心线（维管束）

　 I 花被的维管束　 J 果柄

枸橘花果解剖雄蕊内 (花 )盘 ,

子房上位 ,

中轴胎座 ,

hesperidium

pepo——南瓜左 :为子房纵切中 :3个侧膜胎座合生，黑线勾勒为 1个心皮右 :花药呈 S形弯曲

②dry fruit A. dehiscent fruit follicle legume silique , silicle capsule

B.indehiscent fruit achene caryopsis nut (nutlet) samara utricle schizocarp(cremocar

p)

1.follicle2.legume3.silique4.capsule5.capsule

6.capsule7.caryopsis8.achene

9.samara10.nut11.cremocarp

槭树(

示翅果)

follicle—— 夹竹桃 legume—— 榼藤子

silique—— 油菜 silicle—— 荠菜 Capsule罂粟幼果

capsule—— 百合

　 capsule—— 油茶

Achene向日葵花果解剖

　　

Caryopsis小麦成熟期的果实

nut—— 板栗 samara—— 榆树

Cremocarp

胡萝卜A 双悬果　 B 果实腹

面　C 果实背面　 D 种子

　E 心皮柄　 F 果柄　

G 主棱　 H 次棱

2.Aggregate fruit Many apocarpous pistil in receptacle and re

ceptacle together developed fruit.

聚合蓇葖果——玉兰 聚合瘦果——草莓 聚合浆果——天南星

the type of Aggregate fruit

1.aggregate berry 2.aggregate drupe 3. 4.aggregate fillicle 5. 6.aggregate achene 7.aggregate nut

The type of Aggrega

te fruit

1. 2. aggregate follicle

3. aggregate berry

4. aggregate nut

5. 6. aggregate achene

3.Collective fruit or multiple fruit Whole inflorenscence developed fruit. For example 1. pineapple2.mulberry and 4.fi

g.

The type of multiple fruit

1. mulberry 2. Pineapple 3. fig.

4. Fruit of chinar

Review Questions 一 .Definition True fruit , false fruit , simple fruit, aggregate

fruit, collective fruit 二 .simple answer 1.what is the inner structure of the fruit?