section a · 2019. 5. 9. · he does not have a girl tattoo on his left arm. what would be the...

Section A

1. Which of the following statement describes “Arguments”?

a. They are instruments we use in rational persuasion

b. We use them to express our reasoning

c. It involves making claims and other claims as a reason for its acceptance

d. All the above are correct

2. Describe the underlined statement in the following statement: She’s armed, so she is

dangerous/

a. It is persuasive statement

b. It is a counter claim

c. It is expressing reasoning

d. It is a premise

1. Why is critical thinking is all about thinking is all about thinking outside of the box?

a. It is about challenging our assumptions

b. Asking hard questions

c. Rejecting biases and stereotypes

d. All above (a – c)

2. An assertion is a declarative sentence and sometimes called:

a. Exclamation

b. Assumption

c. Syllogisms

d. Statements or propositions

3. What is a conclusion?

a. A statement offered in support of conclusion

b. A declarative assertion

c. Statement or propositions

d. A statement that is held to by supported by a premise or premises

3. In an argument, an ………………………….is made each time we draw a conclusion

from set of premises

a. Exhortation

b. Conclusion

c. Command

d. Inference

Examine the following STATEMENT carefully and answer questions 7 to 10.

Every person in Ghana is entitled to decent minimum of health case. But thousands of people

in need of health care must go without it because they cannot afford the yearly deposit.

Clearly, then, justice demands that we change our health care system.

4. Indicate which of the following is the likely PREMISE I of the statement?

a. Justice indicate change in the healthcare system

b.

c. None of the above/Not given

d. Every person in Ghana is entitled to a decent minimum healthcare.

5. Indicate which of the following is the most likely PREMISE II of the statement?

a. Justice demands change in the healthcare system

b. Every person is entitled to decent minimum healthcare

c. None of the above

d. Thousands of people in need of healthcare could not afford it and have to go

without it.

6. Which of the following fits the conclusion of the argument above?

a. Every person is entitled to a decent healthcare.

b. Thousands of people in need of care will have to go without it for they cannot

afford it

c. Not given

d. Justice demands that we change our healthcare system

7.

Examine the two statements and answer the question

i. People in dispute might use argument in an attempt to bring about an

agreement.

ii. But the agreements they might offer would not be the same things as the

dispute they are having

8. Which of the following true?

a. Only i. is true

b. Only ii. Is true

c. None of them is true

d. Both statements are true

9. An argument can fail for a number of reasons; which of the following can cause an

argument to fail?

a. When the premise is false

b. When the premise is irrelevant

c. If it provides inadequate support for the conclusion

d. All the above can cause argument to fail

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10. It has not rained in weeks. That means it is sure to rain tomorrow. What can you say

about this statement?

a. That is not an argument at all

b. The claim offered as support is irrelevant

c. The claim do no support intended conclusion very well

d. All the above are correct about the statement

11. Premise indicators are words used to indicate that a premise is about to be given.

Which of the following is not premise indicator?

a. Because

b. The reason that

c. For

d. Thus

12. Conclusion indicators are words used to indicate that a conclusion is about to be

drawn. Which of the following is not conclusion indicator?

a. Therefore

b. Consequently

c. This entails that

d. Since

13. Arguments that have implicit premises or conclusions are called

a. Syllogisms

b. Exhaustions

c. Complex arguments

d. Enthymemes

Statements:

i. The bigger the burger the better the burger

ii. The burgers are bigger at burger king.

14. What is the intended but instated conclusion?

a. Better burgers are big ones

b. Bigger burgers are in Burger King

c. Nothing intended

d. The burgers are better at Burger King

15. Suppose someone argues that: Kofi cannot be the person who stole the phone, because

he does not have a girl tattoo on his left arm. What would be the unstated premise?

a. The thief cannot have a tattoo

b. he phone is stolen by left handed man

c. No premise intended

d. The thief who stole the phone has a girl tattoo on his left arm

16. Statement:

Clouds are rolling in and the wing is picking up. Go check the boat now! Which of the

following are the two premises that can be decided from the argument?

a. Clouds are rolling; you should go check the boat

b. The wind is picking up; you should go check the boat

c. You should go check the boat at once

d. Clouds are rolling in; the wind is picking up

17. Which of the following can be part of a valid argument?

a. Questions

b. Commands

c. Exclamations

d. Sets of claims

18. A situation we have single argument but more than one conclusion is referred to as?

a. Single Question

b. Simple premise

c. Complex premise

d. Complex argument

19. Which of the following can be considered as explanations rather than an argument?

a. I don’t love you anymore because you always make fun of me.

b. Since you stayed on the beach all day, your body is burned rather badly

c. We are sitting in the dark because you forgot to pay the electricity bill

d. All the above

20. Deductive arguments are characterized as?

a. Single and Complex premises

b. Claims and conclusions

c. True and fall

d. Valid and invalid

21. Which of the following arguments is not valid?

a. If whales are mammals, they have lungs, whales are mammals. Therefore, whales

have lungs

b. Everyone in the ward yesterday was exposed to the virus, and you were there then.

That means that you were exposed to the virus.

c. Asantehene Osei Tutu I was the chief before Prempeh I. And Prempeh I was chief

before Prempeh II. Thus, Osei Tutu I was chief before Prempeh II.

d. Kokoroko was stoned, stabbed, shot and scalped. So Kokoroko is dead.

22. Statement:

All fish speak twi, and tilapia are fish. So tilapia speak twi. What is not true about this

argument?

a. The statement is valid

b. False premise and true conclusion

c. It is not an argument at all

d. True premise and false conclusion

23. Konongo lies in the lower Volta area. Every town located in the lower Volta is

famous for producing fresh fish. Konongo is famous for producing potatoes. What is

not true of the above argument?

a. The conclusion is true

b. The premise is false

c. The argument is valid

d. The argument is invalid

4. Which of the following is not conclusion indicators?

a. Entail b. Hence c. Thus d. Since

5. Tick the word that is not premise indicator from the list below

a. For b. Because c. Since d.

Therefore

6. Which of the following is not a valid statement?

a. An argument is deductively valid if and only if it is not possible for the

premise to be true and conclusion false.

b. If all the premises were true, the conclusion world have to be true too.

c. An argument is deductively invalid if and only if it is not deductively valid.

d. A valid argument should have true premises, and it need to have true

conclusions.

7. Which of the following describes deductive soundness.

a. An argument is deductively sound only if it is cogently presented.

b. Only if the truth of the premises is guaranteed

c. Only if it is inductively strong

d. An argument si deductively sound if and only if it is deductively valid and all

its premises are true.

8. Statement:

i. A few police officers are corrupt.

ii. Tim is a police officer, therefore, probably

iii. Tim is corrupt.

a. Inductively Strong Argument

b. Deductively Valid

c. Deductively Invalid

d. Inductively weak argument

9. Apart from what we think, which of the following can hinder critical thinking?

a. Hindrances to logic

b. Hindrances due to what others say

c. Hindrances due to what other think

d. Hindrances that occur due to what we think

10. Which of the following is not an example of group thinking.

a. Peer pressure

b. Genetic Fallacy

c. Stereotyping

d. Accepting a claim solely on the grounds that it advances, it coincides with

one’s interest.

11. Which of the following in no an ideal means of elimination or minimizing category 1

hindrances to critical thinking (sell – interested thinking)?

a. Avoid selective attention

b. Look for opposing evidence

c. Watch out when things get personal

d. Adhering to views that relates to societies

12. Which of the following is not a group thinking example?

a. Fallacy of appeal to popularity

b. Fallacy of appeal to common practice

c. Fallacy of appeal to tradition

d. Self-interest thinking

13. Which of the following is not hindrance to critical thinking due to views about truth

and knowledge?

a. Subjective Relativism

b. Social Relativism

c. Skepticism

d. Genetic Fallacy

14. Conditional Statement is a statement of the form;

a. If P, the Q

b. If P, then Q. P.

c. Either P or Q

d. If P, then Q

15. Which of the statement of form is not true?

a. Conditional statement is a statement of form if P, the Q

b. A disjunctive statement is a statement of the form either P or Q

c. Affirming the antecedent (modus ponens): if P, then Q. P.

d. Denying the consequent (modus Tollens) if P., the Q.

16. Which of the following statements is not correct about deductive argument?

a. It is intended to provide conclusive support for its conclusion

b. When it succeeds in providing conclusive support for its conclusion is said to

be valid.

c. If it fails to provide conclusive support is said to be invalid.

d. It is also intended to provide probable support for its conclusion

17. A valid argument may have any of the following except;

a. True premise and true conclusion


c. False premise and false conclusion


18. The truth-value of the premise and conclusion need not be known before an argument

be held as valid.

a. Sometimes

b. Most cases

c. False

d. True

19. Which of the following form part of conditional statement?

a. Valid conditional statement

b. Deductive argument

c. Inductive argument

d. Antecedent

20. Which of the following may not form part of diagramming of an argument?

a. Underlining premise and indicator words

b. Finding conclusion and drawing line under it

c. Locate the premises and draws a line under them

d. Change the position of the premises with conclusions

e. Draw the diagram

21. Which of the following examples is not true?

a. Simple statement no other statement as a component part.

b. Logical operator is a special expressions which work to combine simple

statement into complex one.

c. Negative evaluation helps us to reality spot invalid argument

d. Positive evaluation helps us to better see the underlying forms of arguments.

22. Your thinking can either see you or trap you. What do you understand by these?

a. Keep your thought to yourself or allow you to speak freely

b. Makes you to be very pious or criticize aas much as you can

c. Trap you in academic cycle or free you to enter industry

d. Hold your hostage within uncritically hold belief or open your mind to new

ways of thinking.

23. Which of the following is not critical thinking skills?

a. Reasoning

b. Analysis

c. Evaluating

d. Criticizing

e. Problem solving

1. You conducted a successful job search, and now have three offers from which to choose.

What can you do to most thoroughly investigate your potential employers? (Choose all

that apply.)

a. check out their websites

b. watch the news to see if the companies are mentioned

c. research their financial situations

d. speak with people who work for them already

2. Which is NOT an example of a persuasion technique?

a. "If you care about the environment, and who doesn't, give generously to our Save

the Mongoose Fund today!"

b. "I've been eating Wheat-O's cereal since I was a kid," says super-athlete Mark

Guyerman. "They give me energy to win … and they'll do the same for you!"

c. Soft-Sole Sneakers for toddlers are available at Murphy's Discount Store.

d. "Send me to Washington as your senator if you want things done. I'll stop all the

government waste!"

3. Choose the best conclusion for an argument that begins, "The other members of Philip's

swim team …"

a. won their events, so Philip will win his event, too.

b. have been swimming for at least six years, so Philip has been swimming for six

years, too.

c. prefer to swim in outdoor pools, so Philip prefers outdoor pools, too.

d. wear swim trunks with the school logo on them, so Philip wears them, too.

4. Marcy's American Lit teacher gives a quiz every Monday on the 50 pages of reading he

assigns on Fridays. His quizzes are becoming harder as the semester progresses, and Marcy hasn't been doing very well on them. What can she do to troubleshoot the problem and

hopefully get better grades on the quizzes?

a. plan to get to class early on Monday to skim the pages

b. look for a new outfit to wear on Monday so she'll be relaxed

c. set aside time on Sunday to read and review the new material

d. spend an hour on Saturday looking over what she missed on past quizzes

5. Which is NOT a sound argument?

a. Sabrina wanted to be a better figure skater, so she took extra lessons and practiced

every day. Her skating improved so much that she entered a competition.

b. Yesterday, a black cat ran in front of me, and later, I lost my wallet. If I don't see

that black cat today, I won't have any bad luck.

c. We had a storm last night with hurricane-strength winds, and many trees were

downed. There was a citywide power outage.

d. On a clear day, I can see the top of Murphy Monument from my house. If it's clear

tomorrow, I'll be able to see the monument.

6. You are trying to decide what kind of car to buy. You make a chart to compare a two-

seater sports car, a two-door sedan, and a minivan in three categories. Which would NOT

be a suitable category?

a. price

b. gas mileage

c. tire pressure

d. storage capacity

7. Which scenario best represents a situation that has been decided by emotion alone?

a. Sue hates the winter, so even though she can't afford it, she takes a vacation to the

Bahamas.

b. The school shuts down after a bomb threat.

c. Third-quarter earnings for Marie's company were much higher than predicted.

d. Alexis needs a new mixer, so she watches the newspaper ads and buys one when it

goes on sale.

8. When would it be better to do research in the library rather than on the Internet?

a. You are writing a report on recent U. S. Supreme Court decisions.

b. You want to know the historical performance of a stock you are considering

purchasing.

c. You need to compare credit card interest rates.

d. You want to find out more about the old trails through the forest in your town.

9. You read a story in the newspaper about salary negotiations with public transportation

workers. The workers are threatening to go on strike tomorrow if their demands for higher

wages and better benefits are not met. What can you infer from this news story?

a. Health insurance premiums are very expensive.

b. The cost of gas will make ticket prices increase in the next few weeks.

c. People who ride the bus should look for possible alternative transportation.

d. Employers never like to meet salary demands.

10. What is wrong with this argument? "You think we need a new regulation to control air pollution? I think we already have too many regulations. Politicians just love to pass new ones, and control us even more than they already do. It is suffocating. We definitely do not need any new regulations!"

a. The person speaking doesn't care about the environment.

b. The person speaking has changed the subject.

c. The person speaking is running for political office.

d. The person speaking does not understand pollution.

11. What should you NOT rely on when making a judgment call?

a. intuition

b. common sense

c. gossip

d. past experience

12. Which is NOT a valid argument?

a. There are six cans of tomatoes in Carlo's pantry and 14 in his basement. There are

no other cans of tomatoes in his house. Therefore, he has 20 cans of tomatoes in

his house.

b. Everyone northbound on the Interstate yesterday was late to work. Faith was

northbound on the Interstate. Faith was late to work.

c. Huang lives in either Kansas City, Kansas, or Kansas City, Missouri. If he lives in

Kansas, then he is an American.

d. No one who eats in the cafeteria likes the pizza. My boss eats in the cafeteria.

Therefore, my boss does not like the pizza.

13. Which statement represents a judgment instead of a fact?

a. My presentation was excellent. I am sure my boss will promote me now.

b. My presentation was excellent. The clients all told me they liked it.

c. My presentation was excellent. It won an award from management.

d. My presentation was excellent. It was cited as such on my peer evaluation.

14. Which is a judgment, not a fact?

a. That production of Hamlet was first-rate; you'll never see it done better.

b. That production of Hamlet was first-rate; it was cited as such in the Daily News.

c. That production of Hamlet was first-rate; it won an award this year.

d. That production of Hamlet was first-rate; 94% of audience members interviewed

after the show agreed.

15. What is wrong with the following argument? America—love it, or leave it!

a. There is nothing wrong with the argument.

b. It implies that if you leave the country on vacation, you do not love it.

c. It does not tell you how to love it.

d. It presents only two options, when in fact there are many more.

16. Which of these situations does NOT require problem solving?

a. After you get your new computer home, you find there is no mouse in the box.

b. When you get your pictures back from being developed, you realize they are

someone else's.

c. Everyone on your team wants to celebrate at the Burger Palace, but you just ate

there last night.

d. You've been assigned to finish a report for tomorrow morning, but it is your son's

birthday, and you promised you would take him to the ball game tonight.

17. Which type of website most likely provides the most objective information about Abraham

Lincoln?

a. the home page of a history professor who wrote a book on Lincoln's presidency

b. a Confederate group's site on famous assassinations, with the most pages devoted

to Lincoln

c. the site of a historical preservation group that archives Lincoln's correspondence

d. the official site of the presidential library in Springfield, Illinois, devoted to telling

the life story of the 16th president

18. Which is NOT a likely cause of this situation? "I can't turn on the lamp in the family room!"

a. The lamp isn't plugged into an electrical outlet.

b. We just bought a new couch in a colour that matches the lamp.

c. There's a power outage in the neighbourhood.

d. The light bulb in the lamp has burned out.

19. What is wrong with the logic of the following statement? "How can you believe his

testimony? He is a convicted felon!"

a. The fact that the person testifying was convicted of a crime does not mean he is

lying.

b. A convicted felon cannot testify in court.

c. The person speaking has a bias against criminals.

d. The person speaking obviously did not attend law school.

20. Evidence shows that people who live in the Antarctic score higher on happiness surveys

than those who live in Florida. Which is the best conclusion that can be drawn from this data?

a. Floridians would be happier if they moved to the Antarctic.

b. People in colder climates are happier than those in warmer climates.

c. There are only happy people in the Antarctic.

d. Those in the Antarctic who scored high on a happiness survey probably like snow.

21. Which of the following is a sound argument?

a. Rain was predicted yesterday, so I took my umbrella to our outdoor rehearsal of

Romeo & Juliet. It didn't rain. To make sure it doesn't rain during today's rehearsal,

I'll take my umbrella with me.

b. You and Danny broke up the night you had dinner at Mangano's, so don't worry;

you and Max won't break up as long as you never go to Mangano's!

c. My science teacher bases a lot of our grade on class participation. Last quarter, he said I needed to participate more. If I want a better grade this quarter, I need to

take part in more class discussions.

d. Our washing machine is broken. The last time we had trouble with it, we hired a

new repairman. He's probably the reason the machine broke!

Read the following paragraph and answer questions 22 and 23.

I always knew I wanted to be a marine biologist. When I was six, my parents took me to an

aquarium, and I was hooked. But it was in college, when I got to work on an ocean research

cruise that I decided to specialize in oceanography. The trip was sponsored by the Plankton

Investigative Service, and our goal was to collect as many different types of the microscopic

plants and animals as we could, in order to see what, if any, impact the increased number of

people fishing there had on the marine ecosystem. Our group was divided into two teams, each

responsible for gathering a different type of plankton. Working with the phytoplankton,

especially the blue-green algae, was fascinating. We measured the chlorophyll in the water to

determine where, and in what quantity, the phytoplankton was. This worked well because the

water was so clear, free of sediment and contaminants.

22. What is phytoplankton?

a. another name for chlorophyll

b. a microscopic plant

c. a microscopic animal

d. a type of fish

23. The goal of the study group was to investigate whether more people fishing in the area

had

a. a positive impact on the local economy.

b. depleted the supply of fish.

c. made more work for marine biologists.

d. a negative impact on the health of the surrounding waters.

24. You want to sell your three-year-old car and buy a new one. Which website would

probably give you the best information on how to sell a used car?

a. Auto Trader: get the latest pricing and reviews for new and used cars; tips on

detailing for a higher price

b. Better Business Bureau: provides free consumer and business education; consult us

before you get started in your new business!

c. New Wheels: research every make and model of Detroit's latest offerings

d. Car Buying Tips: everything you need to know before you shop for your new car

25. Which explanation is weakest?

a. The steak was overcooked because I cooked it too long.

b. Jose didn't drive his car today because it was in the shop for repairs.

c. We don't belong to the country club anymore because we can't afford it.

d. Gabrielle overslept because she stayed up very late last night.

26. Which of these problems is most severe?

a. Your professor is sick and misses class on the morning you are supposed to take a

big exam.

b. You lose track of your schedule and forget to study for a big exam.

c. You can't find one of the books you need to study for a big exam.

d. The big exam is harder than you thought it would be and includes a section you did

not study.

27. Which is the most important reason for evaluating information found on the Internet?

a. Authors who publish on the Internet are typically less skilled than those who

publish in print.

b. Web writers are usually biased.

c. Anyone can publish on the Internet; there is no guarantee that what you are

reading is truthful or objective.

d. Information found in print is almost always more accurate than that found on the

Internet.

28. What is wrong with the following argument? "We should not change our grading system

to numbers instead of letters. The next thing you know, they will take away our names and refer to us by numbers, too!"

a. The conclusion is too extreme.

b. There is nothing wrong with the argument.

c. Students should not have a say in the type of grading system used in their schools.

d. It does not explain why they want to get rid of letter grades.

29. What is the real problem, as opposed to being an offshoot of that problem?

a. Your bank charges a $40 fee for overdrafts.

b. You wrote a check at the grocery store, but did not have the money to cover it.

c. Every month, you spend more money than you earn.

d. Last month, you paid $120 in overdraft charges to your bank.

30. Which is an example of hyperbole?

a. The deck of our boat was as slippery as melted butter!

b. This bag of groceries weighs a ton!

c. Onto each life some rain must fall.

d. Marco's lasagna is better than Mira's.

Section B: Read Statements and answer the follow up questions. Answers attract equal marks

Read the following paragraph and answer questions 1 to 5.

Although it is agreed that China is rapidly modernising its army, there is some doubt

surrounding the exact amount it is spending. The research institute ‘PIPPI’, submits that

the annual Chinese defence spending has risen from almost $31 billion in 2000 to over

$120 billion in 2010. This figure is almost double the official figure published by the

Chinese government, who fail to include other areas such as research and development

in the official figure each year. In 2010, the United States government spent around $400

billion on military defence. Based on the current level of military growth, statistics suggest

that China’s defence spending could overtake America’s by 2030. In addition to military

spending, China’s army continues to enjoy the largest number of people within the ranks

of its army than any other country.

Inference

Q1. The official figures published by the Chinese government in relation to their military

spending are thought to be misleading.

a. True

b. Probably True

c. More Information Required

d. Probably False

e. False

Q 2: It is known that the Chinese government leave areas such as ‘research’ and ‘development’

from their official figures, however, this would also suggest that other areas of spending are

also omitted from the official figure.

a. True

b. Probably True


d. Probably False

e. False

Q 3: The Chinese government omits several key areas from its official spending figures, in

areas such as military spending, agriculture, human rights and law.

a. True

b. Probably True


d. Probably False

e. False

Q 4: If there are any anomalies between the published figures on military spending and the

actual figure spent, this is merely a clerical error.

a. True

b. Probably True


d. Probably False

e. False

Q5: In 2010 the United States of America spent less on its military defences than the Chinese

government.

a. True

b. Probably True


d. Probably False

e. False

Read the following paragraph and answer questions 11 to 15.

Turkey is a surprising addition to the list of rapidly developing economies; with a GDP

increase of 8.5% in the year 2011 alone. However, such rapid growth leaves worries

regarding possible side-effects. For instance, in 2011 Turkey’s rate of inflation was well

above that of its peers. Secondly, there is increasing concern regarding Turkey’s growing

dependency on foreign capital. A large portion of the Turkish banking system is part-

owned by banks within the Eurozone. As the single currency falters, such a dependency

raises questions about the stability of Turkish growth.

Q6: There are concerns that Turkey’s development is at risk of faltering in the years after 2011.

a. True

b. Probably True


d. Probably False

e. False

Q7As Turkish banks are part-owned by those in the Eurozone, they may suffer if the European

banks face financial difficulty.

a. True

b. Probably True


d. Probably False

e. False

Q8: The Turkish banks are part-owned by European banks as this provides greater variation to

the market and extra finance to the economy.

a. True

b. Probably True


d. Probably False

e. False

Q9: Turkish banks are part owned by European banks as this provides greater economic links

with the Eurozone, helping their ascension into the European Union.

a. True

b. Probably True


d. Probably False

e. False

Q10: The Turkish economy was surprisingly stagnant in 2011.

a. True

b. Probably True


d. Probably False

e. False

Read the following statement and answer questions Q1 to Q3

Charities don’t have to charge VAT to customers, which means charity bookshops can

charge lower prices than those charged by second-hand bookshops which are not

registered as a charity.

Q1: Charities pay less tax than non-charities.

a. Assumption Made

b. Predictions made

c. Prediction not made

d. Assumption Not Made

Q 2: Customers prefer to pay lower prices.

a. Assumption Made

b. Prediction not made

c. Prediction made


Q3: VAT increases the price customers pay for things.

a. Assumption Made

b. Prediction not made

c. Prediction made



There are currently three problems facing the financial sector. Firstly, bankers are no

longer seen as reliable or trustworthy. Secondly, executives of financial institutions are

seen by the general public as being overpaid. Finally, it is difficult to regulate the financial

sector. Therefore:

Q1: Banks have never been trusted by the general public.

a. Conclusion Follows

b. No conclusion made

c. Conclusion Does Not Follow

Q2: Reliability is no longer an issue when considering the failings of the financial sector.




Q3: Overpaying financial executives may contribute to problems facing the financial sector.




Use the statement below to answer Q 1 to Q5

The Tapoloa Club is a Hawaiian-themed night club in central London. Its most popular

drink is the Volcano, which emits sparks and flames. The Tapoloa Club also offers a range

of cocktails in perverse containers such as pineapples and coconuts, such as the ‘Coconut

Express’ and the ‘Pineapple Pick-Up’ respectively. Therefore:

Q1: The ‘Coconut Express’ is the second most popular drink sold by the Tapoloa Club.


b. Conclusion Does Not Follow.

Q2: All themed clubs in London sell unusual drinks.


b. Conclusion Does Not Follow

Q3: The “Coconut Express” is contained in a pineapple, and the “Pineapple Pick-Up” is

contained in a coconut.



The British National Library has the largest collection of publicly-owned books in the

United Kingdom. Therefore:

Q4: There might be a larger collection of books in the United Kingdom.



Q5: There might be a larger collection of publicly-owned books in the United Kingdom.



Q6: The British National Library is in the United Kingdom




Statement: Should banks and financial institutions be obligated to engage in socially

responsible investing?

Q10: Yes, engaging in socially responsible investing leads to a happier and more fulfilled

workforce compared to banks which do not engage in socially-responsible investing.

a. Strong Argument

a. Weak Argument

Q11: No, banks are for-profit institutions and have no obligation to social issues

a. Strong Argument

b. Weak Argument

Q12: No, focusing on social responsibility detracts from the aim of making money, which is

the most important endeavour for banks, and leads to a decrease in revenue and profit.

a. Strong Argument

b. Weak Argument

Q13: No, over-regulation in the financial sector leads to decreased opportunities and therefore

lower profits.

a. Strong Argument

b. Weak Argument

1. You want to sell your three-year-old car and buy a new one. Which website would

probably give you the best information on how to sell a used car?

a. Auto Trader: get the latest pricing and reviews for new and used cars; tips on

detailing for a higher price

b. Better Business Bureau: provides free consumer and business education; consult us

before you get started in your new business!

c. New Wheels: research every make and model of Detroit's latest offerings

d. Car Buying Tips: everything you need to know before you shop for your new car

2. Which explanation is weakest?

a. The steak was overcooked because I cooked it too long.

b. Jose didn't drive his car today because it was in the shop for repairs.

c. We don't belong to the country club anymore because we can't afford it.

d. Gabrielle overslept because she stayed up very late last night.

3. Which of these problems is most severe?

a. Your professor is sick and misses class on the morning you are supposed to take a

big exam.

b. You lose track of your schedule and forget to study for a big exam.

c. You can't find one of the books you need to study for a big exam.

d. The big exam is harder than you thought it would be and includes a section you did

not study.

4. Which is the most important reason for evaluating information found on the Internet?

a. Authors who publish on the Internet are typically less skilled than those who

publish in print.

b. Web writers are usually biased.

c. Anyone can publish on the Internet; there is no guarantee that what you are

reading is truthful or objective.

d. Information found in print is almost always more accurate than that found on the

Internet.

5. What is wrong with the following argument? "We should not change our grading system

to numbers instead of letters. The next thing you know, they will take away our names and refer to us by numbers, too!"

a. The conclusion is too extreme.

b. There is nothing wrong with the argument.

c. Students should not have a say in the type of grading system used in their schools.

d. It does not explain why they want to get rid of letter grades.

6. What is the real problem, as opposed to being an offshoot of that problem?

a. Your bank charges a $40 fee for overdrafts.

b. You wrote a check at the grocery store, but did not have the money to cover it.

c. Every month, you spend more money than you earn.

d. Last month, you paid $120 in overdraft charges to your bank.

7. Which is an example of hyperbole?

a. The deck of our boat was as slippery as melted butter!

b. This bag of groceries weighs a ton!

c. Onto each life some rain must fall.

d. Marco's lasagne is better than Mira's.

Section C

24. Which of the following is not conclusion indicators.

a. Entail b. Hence c. Thus d. Since

25. Tick the word that is not premise indicator from the list below

a. For b. Because c. Since d.

Therefore

26. Which of the following is not a valid statement?

a. An argument is deductively valid if and only if it is not possible for the

premise to be true and conclusion false.

b. If all the premises were true, the conclusion world have to be true too.

c. An argument is deductively invalid if and only if it is not deductively valid.

d. A valid argument should have true premises, and it need to have true

conclusions.

27. Which of the following describes deductive soundness.

a. An argument is deductively sound only if it is cogently presented.

b. Only if the truth of the premises is guaranteed

c. Only if it is inductively strong

d. An argument si deductively sound if and only if it is deductively valid and all

its premises are true.

28. Statement:

i. A few police officers are corrupt.

ii. Tim is a police officer, therefore, probably

iii. Tim is corrupt.

e. Inductively Strong Argument

f. Deductively Valid

g. Deductively Invalid

h. Inductively weak argument

29. Apart from what we think, which of the following can hinder critical thinking?

a. Hindrances to logic

b. Hindrances due to what others say

c. Hindrances due to what other think

d. Hindrances that occur due to what we think

30. Which of the following is not an example of group thinking.

a. Peer pressure

b. Genetic Fallacy

c. Stereotyping

d. Accepting a claim solely on the grounds that it advances, it coincides with

one’s interest.

31. Which of the following in no an ideal means of elimination or minimizing category 1

hindrances to critical thinking (sell – interested thinking)?

a. Avoid selective attention

b. Look for opposing evidence

c. Watch out when things get personal

d. Adhering to views that relates to societies

32. Which of the following is not a group thinking example?

a. Fallacy of appeal to popularity

b. Fallacy of appeal to common practice

c. Fallacy of appeal to tradition

d. Self-interest thinking

33. Which of the following is not hindrance to critical thinking due to views about truth

and knowledge?

a. Subjective Relativism

b. Social Relativism

c. Skepticism

d. Genetic Fallacy

34. Conditional Statement is a statement of the form;

a. If P, the Q

b. If P, then Q. P.

c. Either P or Q

d. If P, then Q

35. Which of the statement of form is not true?

a. Conditional statement is a statement of form if P, the Q

b. A disjointed statement is a statement of the form either P or Q

c. Affirming the antecedent (modus ponens): if P, then Q. P.

d. Denying th consequent (modus Tollens) if P., the Q.

36. Which of the following statements is not correct about deductive argument?

a. It is intended to provide conclusive support for its conclusion

b. When it succeeds in providing conclusive support for its conclusion is said to

be valid.

c. If it fails to provide conclusive support is said to be invalid.

d. It is also intended to provide probable support for its conclusion

37. A valid argument may have any of the following except;

a. True premise and true conclusion


c. False premise and false conclusion


38. The truth-value of the premise and conclusion need not be known before an argument

be held as valid.

a. Sometimes

b. Most cases

c. False

d. True

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