Section 9-3Section 9-3Expansion in TexasExpansion in Texas

Section 9-3Section 9-3Expansion in TexasExpansion in Texas

Mr. KingMr. King

CCHSCCHSMr. KingMr. King

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Mexico Under Spanish Mexico Under Spanish RuleRule

Mexico Under Spanish Mexico Under Spanish RuleRule

◊ SpainSpain controlled Mexico for 300 years controlled Mexico for 300 years

establishes mission to establishes mission to convertconvert Native Americans to Native Americans to ChristianityChristianity

missions decline in the early 1800smissions decline in the early 1800s◊ Mexican settlers begin to Mexican settlers begin to conflictconflict with Native with Native

AmericansAmericans

TejanosTejanos vs. Comanche & Apache vs. Comanche & Apache◊ 18211821: Mexico wins their independence from Spain: Mexico wins their independence from Spain

◊ SpainSpain controlled Mexico for 300 years controlled Mexico for 300 years

establishes mission to establishes mission to convertconvert Native Americans to Native Americans to ChristianityChristianity

missions decline in the early 1800smissions decline in the early 1800s◊ Mexican settlers begin to Mexican settlers begin to conflictconflict with Native with Native

AmericansAmericans

TejanosTejanos vs. Comanche & Apache vs. Comanche & Apache◊ 18211821: Mexico wins their independence from Spain: Mexico wins their independence from Spain

Impact of Mexican Impact of Mexican IndependenceIndependence

Impact of Mexican Impact of Mexican IndependenceIndependence◊ TradeTrade increases between Mexico’s northern provinces increases between Mexico’s northern provinces

and the United States (TX-NM-AZ-CA-UT-CO)and the United States (TX-NM-AZ-CA-UT-CO)◊ Mexico’s government has difficulty governing Mexico’s government has difficulty governing vastvast

landslands

ignoring their northern provincesignoring their northern provinces

Native Americans still a Native Americans still a threatthreat

◊ TradeTrade increases between Mexico’s northern provinces increases between Mexico’s northern provinces and the United States (TX-NM-AZ-CA-UT-CO)and the United States (TX-NM-AZ-CA-UT-CO)

◊ Mexico’s government has difficulty governing Mexico’s government has difficulty governing vastvast landslands

ignoring their northern provincesignoring their northern provinces

Native Americans still a Native Americans still a threatthreat

Americans in Mexican Americans in Mexican TexasTexas

Americans in Mexican Americans in Mexican TexasTexas

◊ Americans are invited to the Americans are invited to the region of region of TejasTejas by the Mexican by the Mexican government in 1821government in 1821

EmpressariosEmpressarios ( (land grant land grant agents) offer land to U.S. agents) offer land to U.S. settlers settlers 13 cents/acre 13 cents/acre

◊ Americans had to promise to Americans had to promise to obeyobey Mexican laws and Mexican laws and observe the Catholic Religionobserve the Catholic Religion

◊ MAD DASH TO MEXICO!!!MAD DASH TO MEXICO!!!

made by made by AmericansAmericans & & EuropeansEuropeans

◊ Americans are invited to the Americans are invited to the region of region of TejasTejas by the Mexican by the Mexican government in 1821government in 1821

EmpressariosEmpressarios ( (land grant land grant agents) offer land to U.S. agents) offer land to U.S. settlers settlers 13 cents/acre 13 cents/acre

◊ Americans had to promise to Americans had to promise to obeyobey Mexican laws and Mexican laws and observe the Catholic Religionobserve the Catholic Religion

◊ MAD DASH TO MEXICO!!!MAD DASH TO MEXICO!!!

made by made by AmericansAmericans & & EuropeansEuropeans

Stephen F. AustinStephen F. AustinStephen F. AustinStephen F. Austin◊ Most successful Most successful

empresarioempresario

gathered gathered 300300 families to move to families to move to Texas (Old Three Texas (Old Three Hundred) Hundred) they they were were exemptexempt from from paying taxes and paying taxes and received 177 acresreceived 177 acres

◊ By 1830, By 1830, 20,00020,000 Americans moved to Americans moved to TexasTexas

◊ Most successful Most successful empresarioempresario

gathered gathered 300300 families to move to families to move to Texas (Old Three Texas (Old Three Hundred) Hundred) they they were were exemptexempt from from paying taxes and paying taxes and received 177 acresreceived 177 acres

◊ By 1830, By 1830, 20,00020,000 Americans moved to Americans moved to TexasTexas

The Old Three HundredThe Old Three HundredThe Old Three HundredThe Old Three Hundred

U.S. Offers to Buy TexasU.S. Offers to Buy TexasU.S. Offers to Buy TexasU.S. Offers to Buy Texas◊ U.S. slogan: “U.S. slogan: “Go to TexasGo to Texas””◊ Americans wanting to extend U.S. boundaries Americans wanting to extend U.S. boundaries

to the to the Rio GrandeRio Grande River River◊ John Quincy Adams offers Mexico $John Quincy Adams offers Mexico $11 million million◊ Andrew Jackson offers Mexico $Andrew Jackson offers Mexico $55 million million◊ Mexico Mexico refusesrefuses

regrets encouraging Americans to settle regrets encouraging Americans to settle therethere

◊ U.S. slogan: “U.S. slogan: “Go to TexasGo to Texas””◊ Americans wanting to extend U.S. boundaries Americans wanting to extend U.S. boundaries

to the to the Rio GrandeRio Grande River River◊ John Quincy Adams offers Mexico $John Quincy Adams offers Mexico $11 million million◊ Andrew Jackson offers Mexico $Andrew Jackson offers Mexico $55 million million◊ Mexico Mexico refusesrefuses

regrets encouraging Americans to settle regrets encouraging Americans to settle therethere

Causes of Tension with Causes of Tension with MexicoMexico

Causes of Tension with Causes of Tension with MexicoMexico◊ More people were Anglo than MexicanMore people were Anglo than Mexican

45,00045,000 5,000 African Am. 5,000 African Am.

12,000 N.Am.12,000 N.Am. 3,500 Tejanos 3,500 Tejanos◊ SlaverySlavery: Mexico outlawed slavery in 1824 but U.S. southern slave owners brought : Mexico outlawed slavery in 1824 but U.S. southern slave owners brought

slavesslaves◊ Government: Anglos believed in Government: Anglos believed in States’ RightsStates’ Rights but Mexicans believe in strong but Mexicans believe in strong

central governmentcentral government◊ April 6,1830: Mexico April 6,1830: Mexico sealsseals their borders their borders

feared Americans would take Texasfeared Americans would take Texas

places import tax on Am. goodsplaces import tax on Am. goods

◊ More people were Anglo than MexicanMore people were Anglo than Mexican

45,00045,000 5,000 African Am. 5,000 African Am.

12,000 N.Am.12,000 N.Am. 3,500 Tejanos 3,500 Tejanos◊ SlaverySlavery: Mexico outlawed slavery in 1824 but U.S. southern slave owners brought : Mexico outlawed slavery in 1824 but U.S. southern slave owners brought

slavesslaves◊ Government: Anglos believed in Government: Anglos believed in States’ RightsStates’ Rights but Mexicans believe in strong but Mexicans believe in strong

central governmentcentral government◊ April 6,1830: Mexico April 6,1830: Mexico sealsseals their borders their borders

feared Americans would take Texasfeared Americans would take Texas

places import tax on Am. goodsplaces import tax on Am. goods

Conflict with MexicoConflict with MexicoConflict with MexicoConflict with Mexico◊ Mexico begins to Mexico begins to enforceenforce their their

laws on white settlers in Texaslaws on white settlers in Texas◊ Mexican general Antonio Lopez Mexican general Antonio Lopez

de de Santa Anna Santa Anna becomes becomes dictator in Mexicodictator in Mexico

he intends to drive he intends to drive Americans out of TexasAmericans out of Texas

◊ Santa Anna has Stephen F. Santa Anna has Stephen F. Austin Austin arrestedarrested for promoting for promoting revolutionrevolution

rebellions break outrebellions break out

◊ Mexico begins to Mexico begins to enforceenforce their their laws on white settlers in Texaslaws on white settlers in Texas

◊ Mexican general Antonio Lopez Mexican general Antonio Lopez de de Santa Anna Santa Anna becomes becomes dictator in Mexicodictator in Mexico

he intends to drive he intends to drive Americans out of TexasAmericans out of Texas

◊ Santa Anna has Stephen F. Santa Anna has Stephen F. Austin Austin arrestedarrested for promoting for promoting revolutionrevolution

rebellions break outrebellions break out

Santa AnnaSanta AnnaSanta AnnaSanta Anna

Texans Take ActionTexans Take Action◊ October 1835October 1835

- Texans clash w/ Mexican troops at - Texans clash w/ Mexican troops at GonzalasGonzalas◊ December 1835December 1835

- Texans occupied - Texans occupied San AntonioSan Antonio and take up and take up positions in an old Spanish mission called positions in an old Spanish mission called AlamoAlamo

◊ October 1835October 1835- Texans clash w/ Mexican troops at - Texans clash w/ Mexican troops at GonzalasGonzalas

◊ December 1835December 1835- Texans occupied - Texans occupied San AntonioSan Antonio and take up and take up positions in an old Spanish mission called positions in an old Spanish mission called AlamoAlamo

The AlamoThe Alamo

Siege at The AlamoSiege at The Alamo◊ February 23February 23rdrd, 1836, 1836

Santa Anna laid Santa Anna laid siegesiege to the Alamo to the Alamo◊ Texans poorly equippedTexans poorly equipped

less than less than 200200 vs. 6,000 Mexican vs. 6,000 Mexican troopstroops

◊ Texans Texans declareddeclared independence for the independence for the Republic of Texas on March 2, 1836.Republic of Texas on March 2, 1836. during the siegeduring the siege

◊ Santa Anna and his men swarm the Santa Anna and his men swarm the garrisongarrison 187 Texans 187 Texans diedie including Jim Bowie, including Jim Bowie, Davy CrockettDavy Crockett and Commander William Travisand Commander William Travis

◊ February 23February 23rdrd, 1836, 1836 Santa Anna laid Santa Anna laid siegesiege to the Alamo to the Alamo

◊ Texans poorly equippedTexans poorly equipped less than less than 200200 vs. 6,000 Mexican vs. 6,000 Mexican troopstroops

◊ Texans Texans declareddeclared independence for the independence for the Republic of Texas on March 2, 1836.Republic of Texas on March 2, 1836. during the siegeduring the siege

◊ Santa Anna and his men swarm the Santa Anna and his men swarm the garrisongarrison 187 Texans 187 Texans diedie including Jim Bowie, including Jim Bowie, Davy CrockettDavy Crockett and Commander William Travisand Commander William Travis

William TravisWilliam TravisWilliam TravisWilliam Travis

Davey Crockett’s Last Davey Crockett’s Last StandStand

Davey Crockett’s Last Davey Crockett’s Last StandStand

Texan IndependenceTexan IndependenceTexan IndependenceTexan Independence◊ Sam HoustonSam Houston made made

Commander of Texan ArmyCommander of Texan Army◊ Battle of Battle of San JacintoSan Jacinto::

Battle Cry of “ Remember Battle Cry of “ Remember the Alamo” the Alamo”

The battle lasted only The battle lasted only 1818 minutes.minutes.

Texans killed Texans killed 630630 Mexican Mexican troops and captured 700 more.troops and captured 700 more.

◊ The day after the Battle of San The day after the Battle of San Jacinto, the Texans Jacinto, the Texans capturedcaptured Santa Anna and made him sign Santa Anna and made him sign a treaty granting Texas a treaty granting Texas independenceindependence.

◊ Sam HoustonSam Houston made made Commander of Texan ArmyCommander of Texan Army

◊ Battle of Battle of San JacintoSan Jacinto::

Battle Cry of “ Remember Battle Cry of “ Remember the Alamo” the Alamo”

The battle lasted only The battle lasted only 1818 minutes.minutes.

Texans killed Texans killed 630630 Mexican Mexican troops and captured 700 more.troops and captured 700 more.

◊ The day after the Battle of San The day after the Battle of San Jacinto, the Texans Jacinto, the Texans capturedcaptured Santa Anna and made him sign Santa Anna and made him sign a treaty granting Texas a treaty granting Texas independenceindependence.

Sam HoustonSam HoustonSam HoustonSam Houston

Battle of San JacintoBattle of San JacintoBattle of San JacintoBattle of San Jacinto

Battle of San JacintoBattle of San JacintoBattle of San JacintoBattle of San Jacinto

TreatyTreaty of Velasco of VelascoTreatyTreaty of Velasco of Velasco◊ May 14May 14thth, , 18361836◊ Texas becomes an Texas becomes an

independent independent countrycountry◊ Sam Houston becomes Sam Houston becomes

presidentpresident of Texas of Texas

- Texas referred to as - Texas referred to as “The “The Lone Star Lone Star Republic”Republic”

◊ 1838: Texas asks U.S. to 1838: Texas asks U.S. to be annexed be annexed

issue of issue of slaveryslavery (sectionalism) will keep (sectionalism) will keep Texas out of U.S. until Texas out of U.S. until 18451845

◊ Texas will continue to Texas will continue to disputedispute boundary with boundary with MexicoMexico

◊ May 14May 14thth, , 18361836◊ Texas becomes an Texas becomes an

independent independent countrycountry◊ Sam Houston becomes Sam Houston becomes

presidentpresident of Texas of Texas

- Texas referred to as - Texas referred to as “The “The Lone Star Lone Star Republic”Republic”

◊ 1838: Texas asks U.S. to 1838: Texas asks U.S. to be annexed be annexed

issue of issue of slaveryslavery (sectionalism) will keep (sectionalism) will keep Texas out of U.S. until Texas out of U.S. until 18451845

◊ Texas will continue to Texas will continue to disputedispute boundary with boundary with MexicoMexico

Treaty of VelascoTreaty of VelascoTreaty of VelascoTreaty of Velasco

Sam HoustonSam HoustonSam HoustonSam Houston◊ Sam Houston is known as one of the best Sam Houston is known as one of the best

war heroes in Texas history.war heroes in Texas history.◊ After the Texans won their independence, After the Texans won their independence,

he was elected the first president.he was elected the first president.◊ When Texas became a state, he was elected When Texas became a state, he was elected

to the Congress of The United States.to the Congress of The United States.

◊ Sam Houston is known as one of the best Sam Houston is known as one of the best war heroes in Texas history.war heroes in Texas history.

◊ After the Texans won their independence, After the Texans won their independence, he was elected the first president.he was elected the first president.

◊ When Texas became a state, he was elected When Texas became a state, he was elected to the Congress of The United States.to the Congress of The United States.

Antonio Lopez de Santa Antonio Lopez de Santa AnnaAnna

Antonio Lopez de Santa Antonio Lopez de Santa AnnaAnna

◊ Santa Anna is known as the villain of Texas Santa Anna is known as the villain of Texas History.History.

◊ After he was captured and signed the treaty After he was captured and signed the treaty that gave Texas its independence, he was that gave Texas its independence, he was banned from Mexico. After about 15 years he banned from Mexico. After about 15 years he was allowed to come back into the country. was allowed to come back into the country.

◊ Santa Anna is known as the villain of Texas Santa Anna is known as the villain of Texas History.History.

◊ After he was captured and signed the treaty After he was captured and signed the treaty that gave Texas its independence, he was that gave Texas its independence, he was banned from Mexico. After about 15 years he banned from Mexico. After about 15 years he was allowed to come back into the country. was allowed to come back into the country.

Stephen AustinStephen AustinStephen AustinStephen Austin

◊ Austin is remembered mostly for leading Austin is remembered mostly for leading the people from Utah to Texas before the the people from Utah to Texas before the War.War.

◊ He is also remembered for his He is also remembered for his contributions before, during, and after contributions before, during, and after the war.the war.

◊ He died of a disease right after the war.He died of a disease right after the war.

◊ Austin is remembered mostly for leading Austin is remembered mostly for leading the people from Utah to Texas before the the people from Utah to Texas before the War.War.

◊ He is also remembered for his He is also remembered for his contributions before, during, and after contributions before, during, and after the war.the war.

◊ He died of a disease right after the war.He died of a disease right after the war.