section 4- turning points of the war
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Section 4- Turning Points of the War. QOTD: Day 2. What is a siege?. The Western Campaign. MS River is the main focus of Western campaign Confederates still have strongholds at Vicksburg, MS and Port Hudson, LA. The Siege of Vicksburg. Grant marches south of Vicksburg in LA - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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SECTION 4- TURNING POINTS OF THE WAR
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QOTD: Day 2
What is a siege?
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The Western Campaign MS River is the main focus of
Western campaign
Confederates still have strongholds at Vicksburg, MS and Port Hudson, LA
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The Siege of Vicksburg Grant marches south of Vicksburg in
LA
Attack on rail line in central MS to draw attention away from Vicksburg
March NE to capture Jackson, MS
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The Siege of Vicksburg Gain control of main rail line
Vicksburg is now cut off
May 22- Grant lays siege for 1 month
Fire from land and river
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The Siege of Vicksburg Confederates surrender due to lack of
supplies and constant fire
July 4, 1863
Port Hudson surrendered days later
Confederacy now cut in 2
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Battle of Fredericksburg Ambrose Burnside placed in charge
of Army of the Potomac Dec. 1862- Army of Potomac vs.
Army of Northern VA Lee defeats the new commander
Union suffers 2x casualties of Confederates
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Battle of Chancellorsville
Gen. Joseph Hooker replaces Burnside
South wins again, but Stonewall Jackson is mortally wounded
Dies a few days later
Lee decides to invade PA
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Invasion of the North Goals: Win international support for
Confederacy
Demoralize the Union
Force an end to the war
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The Battle of Gettysburg Lee hopes to capture footwear factory
Army of Potomac under the leadership of Gen. Meade
July 1- Northern Gen. Buford spreads army out NW of town
Calls for reinforcements
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The Battle of Gettysburg 1st day- Confederate victory
Push North to higher ground to the south
Nightfall helps strengthen Union position
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The Battle of Gettysburg Union digs trench from Culp’s Hill and
Cemetery Hill to Cemetery Ridge
Line extends to Little and Big Round Top
Union held the high ground
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The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 2 Confederates attack the Northern and
Southern ends of the Union line
Union abandoned Little Round Top
Rebels failed to breach the Union line
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The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 2 Union forces led by Col. Chamberlain
recapture Little Round Top
Met Confederates at top Union ran low on ammo Chamberlain orders bayonet charge
100’s of Confederates surrender
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The Battle of Gettysburg- Day 3 July 3rd- Lee orders artillery attack
with cannons at Cemetery Ridge
Gen. George Pickett orders fateful “Pickett’s Charge” up the ridge
1000’s of Confederates mowed down
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Gettysburg and the Aftermath 50,000 lay dead/wounded
½ Confederates, 1/3 of Lee’s total fighting force
Invasion of the North abandoned
Confederates retreated to VA
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The Gettysburg Address Nov. 1863- Lincoln travels to
Gettysburg to dedicate a cemetery to the fallen soldiers
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1512410
Preserve the US- a nation dedicated to the “proposition that all men are created equal
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Outcome of Battles Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg
were w/in 1 day of each other
MS river was in Union hands
No help from Europe
Confederates still won a few battles (Chickamauga,GA in 1863)
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The Overland Campaign 1864- Grant recalled from the west
Lincoln puts him in charge of the entire Union Army
Sets sights on Richmond, VA
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The Overland Campaign Higher % casualties for Confederates
Northern public outraged by 100’s of 1000’s of casualties on both sides
Grant uses total war- attack civilian and military targets
Destroy economy that supports enemy and will of the people
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Sherman’s March to the Sea Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman
also uses total war
Goal: capture Savannah, GA
Loot for supplies, destroy anything of value left behind
RR tracks, buildings, private homes
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Sherman’s March to the Sea Confederates abandon ATL as he
closes in
Sherman does not, his forces burn 40% of ATL to the ground
Captures Savannah in late Dec.
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Exit Slip
How did the two battles from today turn the tide of the war in favor of the North?